University of Khartoum
Faculty of Engineering
Civil Engineering Department
5th year
Advanced Hydraulics (Elective Course)
Name: Mazin Yousif Khalid Maki
Index: 173076
Tutorial 2
November 2025
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Question 1:
25m
Water demand center
Pump station 200 Kpa ([Link])=20m
Q = 180 l/s
L1 = 2500 m L2 = 500m
d1= 250mm d2 = 200mm
Given Data:
flow rate of 180 l/s is required
Pressure at that point is not to drop below 200 Kpa
Pipe 3 (CD): L3 =400 m, d3 =30 cm
Required:
a) The required pressure head at the pump station if the demand is to be satisfied without
any distribution storage tank .
b) The required pressure head at the pump station if the distribution storage tank is
used to meet the peak demand by floating on the line at elevation of 25m as
shown on Fig above :-
Solution:
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𝑝 200
a) ℎ = 𝛾 = = 20𝑚 =
10
𝑄 = 180 ÷ 1000 = 0.18𝑚3 /𝑠
from haznen -williams C=100:
𝐻𝑙𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 =65 per103 𝑚
𝐻𝑙𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 65×2.5= 162.5m per 2500m
𝐻𝑇 𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 20 + 162.5 = 182.5m
b) Head loss from tank to center = 25-20= 5m per 500m
5 >>500
x>>1000
head loss per 1000m= 10m
From Hazen Willimas C=100
𝑄𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 0.0337𝑚3 /𝑠 = 33.7 L/𝑠
𝑄𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 + 𝑄𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝
𝑄𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = 180 − 33.7 = 146.3 L/𝑠
From Hazen Williams C=100
Q=0.1463 ,, d= 250mm
Hl = 64 per 1000m
Hl per 2500m = 64×2.5= 160m
𝐻𝑇 = 160 + 20 = 180𝑚
P =𝛾ℎ = 10 × 180 = 1800 𝐾𝑝𝑎
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Question 2:
Given Data:
designed demand of a community is 4000 m3/d The designed demand of a community is 4000
m3/d . Water is pumped into an elevated reservoir from 5am to 1pm . The supply to the
community is from 5am to 10am and 5pm to 10pm at a uniform rate.
Required:
Find the balancing capacity of the reservoir required by :-
1. Analytical method
2. Mass curve method
Solution:
Supply rate = 4000/8= 500 m3/h
Demand rate = 4000/10= 400 m3/h
1) Analytical method:
Cumulative Excess
Demand Cumulative Excess
Time (hr) Supply (m3) Demand Demand
(m3) Supply (m3) Supply (m3)
(m3) (m3)
5am –
2500 2000 2500 2000 500 -
10 am
10am –
1500 - 4000 2000 2000 -
1pm
1pm –
- - 4000 2000 2000 -
5pm
5pm –
- 2000 4000 4000 0 0
10pm
The balancing capacity of the reservoir = 2000+0= 2000 m3
2) Mass curve method
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Cumulative Supply/Demand
4500
4000
3500
3000
(m3)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
Time (hrs)
The maximum distance in the area = 2150 m3
The balancing capacity of the reservoir = 2150 m3
Question 3:
Given Data:
Population, P = 1,600
Daily consumption, q = 150 l/c/d
Water Demand table during different period:
Time ,hr 0--3 3--6 6--9 9--12 12--15 15--18 18--21 21--24
Demand
in 20 25 30 50 35 30 25 25
1000litres
Required:
Determine the capacity of a service reservoir if pumping is done 24 hours at
constant rate.
Solution:
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Capacity of a service reservoir:
Analytically:
Supply = P×q = 1,600 × 150 = 240,000 l/d = 240 m3/d = 30m3 per 3hr
Cumulative Cumulative Excess Excess
Supply Demand
Time (hr) Supply (m3) Demand (m3) Supply Demand
(m3) (m3)
(m3) (m3)
0–3 30 20 30 20 10 -
3–6 30 25 60 45 15 -
6–9 30 30 90 75 15 -
9 – 12 30 50 120 125 - 5
12 – 15 30 35 150 160 - 10
15 – 18 30 30 180 190 - 10
18 – 21 30 25 210 215 - 5
21 – 24 30 25 240 240 - -
Capacity of service reservoir needed = 15 + 10 = 25 m3
Graphically with mass curve:
The maximum distance in the first area = 16.875 ≈ 17 m3
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The maximum distance in the second area = 10.78 ≈ 11 m3
Capacity of service reservoir needed = 17 + 11 = 28 m3