PAPER - II

Topic: Blood banking and transfusion

Classify and describe blood group systems (ABO and RH)

Enumerate the indications, describe the principles, enumerate and

demonstrate the steps of compatibility testing

Enumerate blood components and describe their clinical uses

Enumerate and describe infections transmitted by blood transfusion

Describe transfusion reactions and enumerate the steps in the investigation

of a transfusion reaction

Enumerate the indications and describe the principles and procedure of

autologous transfusion

Topic: Gastrointestinal tract

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and clinical features of

oral cancers

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, microbiology, clinical and

microscopic features of peptic ulcer disease

Describe and identify the microscopic features of peptic ulcer

Describe and etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic features of carcinoma
of the stomach

Describe and etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic features of

Tuberculosis of the intestine

Describe and etiology and pathogenesis and pathologic and distinguishing

features of Inflammatory bowel disease

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and distinguishing features of

carcinoma of the colon

Topic: Hepatobiliary system

Describe bilirubin metabolism, enumerate the etiology and pathogenesis of

jaundice, distinguish between direct and indirect hyperbilirubinemia

Describe the pathophysiology and pathologic changes seen in hepatic failure

and their clincial manifestations, complications and consequences

Describe the etiology and pathogenesis of viral and toxic hepatitis:

distinguish the causes of hepatitis based on the clinical and laboratory
features. Describe the pathology, complications and consequences of
hepatitis

Describe the pathophysiology, pathology and progression of alcoholic liver

disease including cirrhosis

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis and complications of portal hypertension

Topic: Respiratory system

Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology

and complications of pneumonia

Describe the etiology, gross and microscopic appearance and complications

of lung abscess

Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology

and complications and evaluation of Obstructive airway disease (OAD) and
bronchiectasis

Define and describe the etiology, types, pathogenesis, stages, morphology

microscopic appearance and complications of tuberculosis

Define and describe the etiology, types, exposure, environmental influence,

pathogenesis, stages, morphology, microscopic appearance and
complications of Occupational lung disease

Define and describe the etiology, types, exposure, genetics environmental

influence, pathogenesis, stages, morphology, microscopic
appearance,metastases and complications of tumors of the lung and pleura

Define and describe the etiology, types, exposure, genetics environmental

influence, pathogenesis, morphology, microscopic appearance and
complications of mesothelioma
Topic: Cardiovascular system

Distinguish arteriosclerosis from atherosclerosis. Describe the pathogenesis

and pathology of various causes and types of arteriosclerosis

Describe the etiology, dynamics, pathology types and complications of

aneurysms including aortic aneurysms

Describe the etiology, types, stages pathophysiology, pathology and

complications of heart failure

Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic

features, criteria and complications of rheumatic fever

Describe the epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathophysiology, pathology,

presentations, gross and microscopic features, diagnostic tests and
complications of ischemic heart disease

Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic

features, diagnosis and complications of infective endocarditis

Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology, gross and microscopic

features, diagnosis and complications of pericarditis and pericardial effusion
Classify and describe the etiology, types, pathophysiology, pathology, gross
and microscopic features, diagnosis and complications of cardiomyopathies

Describe the etiology, pathophysiology, pathology features and complications

of syphilis on the cardiovascular system

Topic: Urinary Tract

Describe the normal histology of the kidney

Define, classify and distinguish the clinical syndromes and describe the
etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology, clinical and laboratory and
urinary findings, complications of renal failure

Define and describe the etiology, precipitating factors, pathogenesis,

pathology, laboratory urinary findings, progression and complications of
acute renal failure

Define and describe the etiology, precipitating factors, pathogenesis,

pathology, laboratory urinary findings progression and complications of
chronic renal failure

Define and classify glomerular diseases. Enumerate and describe the etiology,
pathogenesis, mechanisms of glomerular injury, pathology, distinguishing
features and clinical manifestations of glomerulonephritis
Define and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory,
urinary findings, progression and complications of IgA nephropathy

Enumerate and describe the findings in glomerular manifestations of

systemic disease

Enumerate and classify diseases affecting the tubular interstitium

Define and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory,

urinary findings, progression and complications of acute tubular necrosis

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, laboratory findings,

distinguishing features progression and complications of acute and chronic
pyelonephritis and reflux nephropathy

Define classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis pathology,

laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features progression and
complications of vascular disease of the kidney

Define classify and describe the genetics, inheritance, etiology, pathogenesis,

pathology, laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features, progression
and complications of cystic disease of the kidney

Define classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology,

laboratory, urinary findings, distinguishing features progression and
complications of renal stone disease and obstructive uropathy
Classify and describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology,
presenting features, progression and spread of renal tumors

Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features

and progression of thrombotic angiopathies

Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presenting features

and progression of urothelial tumors

Topic: Male Genital Tract

Classify testicular tumors and describe the pathogenesis, pathology,

presenting and distinguishing features, diagnostic tests, progression and
spread of testicular tumors

Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, presenting and distinguishing features,

diagnostic tests, progression and spread of carcinoma of the penis

Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, hormonal dependency presenting and

distinguishing features, urologic findings & diagnostic tests of benign
prostatic hyperplasia

Describe the pathogenesis, pathology, hormonal dependency presenting and

distinguishing features, diagnostic tests, progression and spread of carcinoma
of the prostate
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and progression of prostatitis

Topic: Female Genital Tract

Describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, screening,

diagnosis and progression of carcinoma of the cervix

Describe the pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and progression

and spread of carcinoma of the endometrium

Describe the pathogenesis, etiology, pathology, diagnosis and progression

and spread of carcinoma of the leiomyomas and leiomyosarcomas

Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology,

clinical course, spread and complications of ovarian tumors

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology, morphology, clinical course,

spread and complications of gestational trophoblastic neoplasms

Describe the etiology and morphologic features of cervicitis

Describe the etiology, hormonal dependence, features and morphology of
endometriosis

Describe the etiology and morphologic features of adenomyosis

Describe the etiology, hormonal dependence and morphology of endometrial

hyperplasia

Topic: Breast

Classify and describe the types, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and

hormonal dependency of benign breast disease

Classify and describe the epidemiology, pathogenesis, classification,

morphology, prognostic factors, hormonal dependency, staging and spread of
carcinoma of the breast

Enumerate and describe the etiology, hormonal dependency and

pathogenesis of gynecomastia

Topic: Endocrine system

Enumerate, classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, pathology and

iodine dependency of thyroid swellings

Describe the etiology, cause, iodine dependency, pathogenesis,

manifestations, laboratory and imaging features and course of thyrotoxicosis
Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and imaging
features and course of thyrotoxicosis/ hypothyroidism

Classify and describe the epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis, pathology,

clinical laboratory features, complications and progression of diabetes
mellitus

Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and

morphologic features of hyperparathyroidism

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic

features, complications and metastases of pancreatic cancer

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic

features, complications of adrenal insufficiency

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory, morphologic

features, complications of Cushing's syndrome

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, laboratory and

morphologic features of adrenal neoplasms
Topic: Bone and soft tissue

Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic

and morphologic features and complications of osteomyelitis

Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic

and morphologic features and complications and metastases of bone tumors

Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic

and morphologic features and complications and metastases of soft tissue
tumors

Classify and describe the etiology, pathogenesis, manifestations, radiologic

and morphologic features and complications of Paget's disease of the bone

Classify and describe the etiology, immunology, pathogenesis,

manifestations, radiologic and laboratory features, diagnostic criteria and
complications of rheumatoid arthritis

Topic: Skin

Describe the risk factors pathogenesis, pathology and natural history of

squamous cell carcinoma of the skin
Describe the risk factors pathogenesis, pathology and natural history of basal
cell carcinoma of the skin

Describe the distinguishing features between a nevus and melanoma.

Describe the etiology, pathogenesis, risk factors morphology clinical features
and metastases of melanoma

Topic: Central Nervous System

Describe the etiology, types and pathogenesis, differentiating factors, CSF

findings in meningitis

Classify and describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology,

presentation sequelae and complications of CNS tumors

Topic: Eye

Describe the etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, pathology, presentation,

sequelae and complications of retinoblastoma

Integration

Estimate Hb, RBC, TLC, RBC indices, DLC, Blood groups, BT/CT

Describe test for ESR, Osmotic fragility, Hematocrit. Note the findings and
interpret the test results etc

Describe steps for reticulocyte and platelet count

Describe the functions of the kidney, liver, thyroid and adrenal glands.

Describe the tests that are commonly done in clinical practice to assess the
functions of kidney, liver, thyroid and adrenal glands

Describe the abnormalities of kidney, liver, thyroid and adrenal glands

Explain the basis and rationale of biochemical tests done in the following
conditions: diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, myocardial infarction, renal
failure, gout, proteinuria, nephrotic syndrome, edema, jaundice, liver
diseases, pancreatitis, disorders of acid- base balance, thyroid disorders

Topic:Clinical Pathology

Describe abnormal findings in body fluids in various disease states

Integration

Interpret laboratory results of enzyme activities & describe the clinical utility
of various enzymes as markers of pathological conditions

Discuss and interpret laboratory results of analytes associated with

metabolism of carbohydrates
Describe and discuss functions of proteins and structure- function
relationships in relevant areas eg, hemoglobin and selected
hemoglobinopathies
Describe the functions of haem in the body and describe the processes
involved in its metabolism and describe porphyrin metabolism

Describe the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of conditions such as

cancer, complications of diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis

Summarize the nutritional importance of commonly used items of food

including fruits and vegetables (macro- molecules & its importance)