Material Deformation Processes (PE 319)
3rd year B. Tech in Production and Industrial Engineering
BIT Mesra
Monsoon 2025 Semester
Tutorial Sheet 2 – Problems on Module 2
1. A round tensile specimen with an initial gage length of 100 mm, fixed as per ASTM
specification (ratio of initial gage length to initial diameter is 4), shows after fracture a gage
length of 130 mm and a minimum diameter of 21 mm at fracture. If the load corresponding
to the 0.2% offset yield is 160 kN, that at the point of the onset of necking is 200 kN and
that at the point of fracture is 170 kN, determine the following:
a. 0.2% offset yield strength.
b. Ultimate tensile strength.
c. (i) Fracture strength and (ii) applied true fracture strength.
d. (i) Elongation and (ii) true strain at fracture.
e. (i) Reduction of area and (ii) true reduction of area at fracture.
2. For a material showing uniform strain distribution and obeying the Hollomon parabolic
true stress–strain relation up to the point of fracture,
a. Prove that in the plastic range, the true toughness is the same as the engineering
toughness.
b. Derive an expression for the tensile strength in terms of strain-hardening exponent
and strength coefficient.
c. Derive an expression for the tensile-to-yield strength ratio in terms of engineering
as well as true yield strain and strain-hardening exponent.
d. Derive an expression between the yield strength and the reduction in cross-sectional
area at the yield point.
3. Prove that uniform strain is equal to the strain hardening exponent (n)
4. In a tension test of steel, a specimen of circular cross section with original diameter 9 mm
is used. The loads applied were 22 kN and 28 kN which reduces its diameter to 8.6 mm
and 8.3 mm, respectively. Determine
a. true stress and true strain for given loads
b. strain hardening exponent and strength coefficient
5. A stress analysis for a metal deformation process gives the state of stress as below:
200 30 0
� 30 100 0 �
0 0 −50
If the part is made of aluminium alloy with strength 500 MPa, will it exhibit yielding as
per Tresca yield criterion and von Mises yield criterion? If not, what is the factor of safety?
6. The state of stress at a point given by the stress tensor is
5 3 2
�3 10 4�
2 4 6
Determine the normal and shear stress components on a plane which is equally inclined to
the three axes
7. The state of stress is given by the three principal stresses 100, 120 and 200 N/mm2.
Determine the shear and normal stresses on a plane which has normal with direction
cosines 1⁄√2 , 1⁄√2 and 0.
8. If a strain-hardening metal obeys Hollomon true stress–strain relation, then necking in a
tensile specimen occurs when
(A) 𝜀𝜀 = 𝑛𝑛; (B) 𝜀𝜀 = 𝑛𝑛2 ; (C) 𝜀𝜀 = √𝑛𝑛 ; (D) 𝜀𝜀 = 2𝑛𝑛
9. Prove that for triaxial state of stress, τ XY = τ YX ; τ XZ = τ ZX andτ YZ = τ ZY , provided couple
equilibrium is maintained.
10. Comment, “The stress at any point can be completely described by six independent stress
components in spite of nine stress components”.
11. The three dimensional state of stress is given as: σ x = + 80 MPa, σ y = - 40 MPa, σ Z = +
60 MPa, τxy= + 20 MPa, τyz = 30 MPa and τxz = - 50 MPa. Determine the following:
a. Principal stresses
b. Maximum shear stress
12. The displacement 𝑢𝑢1 , 𝑢𝑢2 and 𝑢𝑢3 are given as: 𝑢𝑢1 = �3𝑥𝑥1 2 + 5/𝑥𝑥1 + 2𝑥𝑥2 3 � × 10−6 , 𝑢𝑢2 =
(3/𝑥𝑥1 + 4/𝑥𝑥2 + 𝑥𝑥1 𝑥𝑥2 ) × 10−6 and 𝑢𝑢3 = 0, Find strains 𝜀𝜀11 , 𝜀𝜀22 and 𝛾𝛾12 at the point (6,4)?
13. The displacement 𝑢𝑢1 , 𝑢𝑢2 and 𝑢𝑢3 are given as: 𝑢𝑢1 = �2𝑥𝑥1 2 + 6𝑥𝑥1 + 9𝑥𝑥2 3 � × 10−6 m, 𝑢𝑢2 =
�9/𝑥𝑥1 + 5𝑥𝑥2 + 2𝑥𝑥1 2 𝑥𝑥2 � × 10−6 m and 𝑢𝑢3 = 0, Find strains 𝜀𝜀11 , 𝜀𝜀22 and 𝛾𝛾12 at the point
(5,3)?