MATHEMATICS – FORM 3
COMPREHENSIVE NOTES AND REVISION GUIDE
Subject: Mathematics
Class: Form 3
Purpose: Examination Preparation and Revision
INTRODUCTION TO MATHEMATICS
Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, measurements, and logical reasoning. It helps learners to
solve problems, think critically, and apply knowledge in everyday life. Mathematics is very important in
science, technology, business, and daily activities.
TOPIC 1: WHOLE NUMBERS AND INTEGERS
Whole Numbers
Whole numbers are numbers without fractions or decimals.
Examples: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …
Integers
Integers include positive numbers, negative numbers, and zero.
Examples: … –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3 …
Operations on Integers
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
TOPIC 2: FRACTIONS
Meaning of Fractions
A fraction is a part of a whole and is written in the form a/b, where b ≠ 0.
Types of Fractions
Proper fractions
Improper fractions
Mixed numbers
Operations on Fractions
Addition of fractions
Subtraction of fractions
Multiplication of fractions
Division of fractions
TOPIC 3: DECIMALS
Meaning of Decimals
Decimals are numbers written using a decimal point.
Examples: 0.5, 2.75, 10.25
Operations on Decimals
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Decimals are used in money, measurement, and science.
TOPIC 4: PERCENTAGE
Meaning of Percentage
Percentage means “out of 100” and is represented by the symbol %.
Conversion
Fraction to percentage
Decimal to percentage
Percentage to fraction
Uses of Percentage
Discounts
Profit and loss
Examination results
Statistics
TOPIC 5: RATIO AND PROPORTION
Ratio
A ratio compares two or more quantities of the same kind.
Example: 2 : 3
Proportion
Proportion is an equality of two ratios.
Uses of ratio and proportion include sharing, cooking, and map reading.
TOPIC 6: ALGEBRA
Meaning of Algebra
Algebra uses letters and symbols to represent numbers.
Algebraic Expressions
Examples:
2x + 3
5y – 7
Simple Equations
An equation is a statement that two expressions are equal.
Example:
x + 5 = 10
TOPIC 7: GEOMETRY
Plane Shapes
Triangle
Square
Rectangle
Circle
Properties of Shapes
Number of sides
Angles
Symmetry
Perimeter and Area
Perimeter is the distance around a shape.
Area is the space inside a shape.
TOPIC 8: VOLUME AND CAPACITY
Volume
Volume is the amount of space occupied by a solid object.
Capacity
Capacity is the amount a container can hold.
Units:
cm³
m³
litres
TOPIC 9: STATISTICS
Meaning of Statistics
Statistics is the collection, organization, and interpretation of data.
Types of Data
Primary data
Secondary data
Data Representation
Tables
Bar charts
Pie charts
Statistics helps in decision-making.
TOPIC 10: MEASUREMENT
Physical Quantities
Length
Mass
Time
Units of Measurement
Metre (m)
Kilogram (kg)
Second (s)
Measurement is used in construction, science, and daily life.
IMPORTANCE OF MATHEMATICS
Helps in problem-solving
Develops logical thinking
Useful in business and banking
Important in science and technology
Used in everyday activities
CONCLUSION
Mathematics is an important subject that helps learners to understand numbers, shapes, and problem-
solving techniques. A good knowledge of Mathematics prepares students for further education and
future careers.