Differential

Equation
DR. MOHAMMED HASSAN
Division by t
𝐟 𝐭 ∞
𝐋 = ‫𝐟 𝐬׬‬ 𝐬 𝐝𝐬
𝐭

𝐟 𝐭
With condition lim( 𝐭 ) (𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠)
𝑡→0
 Division by t
sin 𝑡
Ex1: Evaluate L( )
𝑡
Solution
𝒔𝒊𝒏 𝒕 0
lim( )= 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙 ′ ℎ𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒
𝑡→0 𝐭 0
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝒕
lim( )=1 (𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠)
𝑡→0 𝟏

1
L(sin 𝑡) = 2 𝜋
𝑠 +1 −1
tan ∞ =
2
∞ 1 𝜋
‫𝑠 𝑠׬‬2 +1 𝑑𝑠 = tan−1 𝑠|∞
𝑠 = tan
−1
∞ − tan−1 𝑠 = − tan−1 𝑠
2
Division by t
1−𝑒 −𝑡
Ex2: Evaluate L( )
𝑡
Solution
1 − 𝑒 −𝑡 1−1 0
lim( )= = 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙 ′ ℎ𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒
𝑡→0 𝐭 0 0

𝑒 −𝑡
lim( ) =1 (𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠)
𝑡→0 𝟏

−𝑡 1 1
L(1 − 𝑒 ) = − 𝑠+1
𝑠
∞
1 1 𝑠 ∞
𝑠 𝑠
න − 𝑑𝑠 = ln 𝑠 − ln |𝑠 + 1| = ln( )| = lim ln − ln =
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠+1 𝑠+1 𝑠 𝑡→∞ 𝑠+1 𝑠+1
Division by t
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
lim ln − ln = ln lim − ln = ln(1) − ln = 0 − ln
𝑡→∞ 𝑠+1 𝑠+1 𝑡→∞ 𝑠+1 𝑠+1 𝑠+1 𝑠+1

𝑠
= − ln 𝑠+1
 Division by t
𝑒 −2𝑡 −𝑒 −5𝑡
Ex3: Evaluate L(
𝑡
)

Solution
𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −5𝑡 1−1 0
lim( )= = 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙 ′ ℎ𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑒
𝑡→0 𝑡 0 0

−2𝑒 −2𝑡 +5𝑒 −5𝑡 −2+5

lim( ) = =3 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑠
𝑡→0 𝟏 1

1 1
L(𝑒 −2𝑡 − 𝑒 −5𝑡 ) = −
𝑠+2 𝑠+5
∞
1 1
න − 𝑑𝑠 = ln 𝑠 + 2 − ln |𝑠 + 5| |∞
𝑠
𝑠 𝑠+2 𝑠+5
Division by t
𝑠+2 𝑠+2 𝑠+2
ln |∞
𝑠 = lim ln − ln =
𝑠+5 𝑡→∞ 𝑠+5 𝑠+5

𝑠+2 𝑠+2 𝑠+2 𝑠+2 𝑠+2

ln lim (𝑠+5) − ln = ln 1 − ln = 0 − ln = − ln
𝑡→∞ 𝑠+5 𝑠+5 𝑠+5 𝑠+5
Unit Step Function
The unit step function 𝑢 𝑡 − 𝑎 is defined to be

0 0≤𝑡<𝑎
𝑢 𝑡−𝑎 =ቊ
1 𝑡≥𝑎

𝑚 𝑎≤𝑡<𝑏
𝑓 𝑡 =ቐ = 𝑢 𝑡−∞ =0
𝑛 𝑏≤𝑡<𝑐
𝑟 𝑡≥𝑐

𝑚 𝑢 𝑡−𝑎 −𝑢 𝑡−𝑏 +𝑛 𝑢 𝑡−𝑏 −𝑢 𝑡−𝑐 +𝑟 𝑢 𝑡−𝑐 −𝑢 𝑡−∞

𝑢 𝑡−0 =1
Unit Step Function
𝑒 −𝑎𝑠
L u t−a = 𝑠

1
L u t =
𝑠
Unit Step Function
Ex4: write each function in term of unit step function and find the Laplace transform

2 0≤𝑡<3
1) 𝑓 𝑡 = ቊ
−2 𝑡 ≥ 3
Solution

=2 𝑢 𝑡−0 −𝑢 𝑡−3 −2 𝑢 𝑡−3 −𝑢 𝑡−∞

=2 1−𝑢 𝑡−3 −2 𝑢 𝑡−3 −0 =

3 𝑒 −3𝑠
= 2 − 4𝑢 𝑡 − 3 = − 4
𝑠 𝑠
Unit Step Function
1 0≤𝑡<4
2) 𝑓 𝑡 = ቐ0 4≤𝑡<5
1 𝑡≥5
Solution

= 𝑢 𝑡−0 −𝑢 𝑡−4 + 𝑢 𝑡−5 −𝑢 𝑡−∞ =

= 1−𝑢 𝑡−4 + 𝑢 𝑡−5 −0 = 1−𝑢 𝑡−4 + 𝑢 𝑡−5 =

1 𝑒 −4𝑠 𝑒 −5𝑠
= − +
𝑠 𝑠 𝑠
Second Shifting Theorem

L f t−a u t−a = 𝑒 −𝑎𝑠 𝑓(𝑠)

Second Shifting Theorem
Ex5: Evaluate L(𝑒 − 𝑡−3 𝑢(𝑡 − 3))

Solution

−t
1
L e =
1+𝑠

− 𝑡−3 −3𝑠
1
L 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡−3 =𝑒
1+𝑠
Second Shifting Theorem
Ex6: Evaluate L(sin(𝑡 − 4) 𝑢(𝑡 − 4))

Solution
1
L sin 𝑡 =
1+𝑠 2

1
L sin 𝑡 𝑢 𝑡 − 4 = 𝑒 −4𝑠
1+𝑠 2
Second Shifting Theorem
Ex6: Evaluate L((𝑡 − 1)𝑒 (𝑡−1) 𝑢(𝑡 − 1))

Solution
L 𝑡 𝑒𝑡 =
1
L 𝑡 =
𝑠2

1
L 𝑡 𝑒𝑡 =
(𝑠−1)2

𝑡−1 1
L 𝑡−1 𝑒 𝑢 𝑡−1 = 𝑒 −𝑠
(𝑠−1)2
Second Shifting Theorem
𝜋
Ex6: Evaluate L(sin 𝑡 𝑢(𝑡 − 4 ))

Solution
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
L sin 𝑡− + 𝑢(𝑡 − ) = L([sin 𝑡 − cos + cos 𝑡 − sin ] 𝑢(𝑡 − ))
4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
= cos 𝐿 sin 𝑡 − 𝑢 𝑡− + sin [𝐿 cos 𝑡 − 𝑢 𝑡− ]
4 4 4 4 4 4

𝜋
𝜋 − 𝑠 1 𝜋 −𝜋𝑠 𝑠
= cos 𝑒 4 +sin 𝑒 4 1+𝑠2
4 1+𝑠 2 4
 Thank you
[Link] Hassan