C PROGRAMMING NOTES – DETAILED
UNIT I:
Overview of C Language Elements:
- Variable Declarations: Definition of variables, data types, syntax.
Example:
int a; float b;
- Executable Statements: Instructions executed by compiler.
Example:
printf("Hello");
- Arithmetic Expressions:
Example:
int c = a + b;
Selection Structures:
- if Statement:
if(a > b){ ... }
- if-else:
if(a>b) ... else ...
Looping:
- for Loop:
for(i=0;i<5;i++) printf("%d",i);
- while:
while(i<5) i++;
- do-while:
do { i++; } while(i<5);
UNIT II:
Functions:
- Definition:
A block of reusable code.
Example:
int add(int a,int b){ return a+b; }
Pointers:
int *p = &a;
Call by reference using pointers:
void swap(int *x,int *y){ int t=*x; *x=*y; *y=t; }
UNIT III:
Arrays:
int arr[5];
Looping through array:
for(i=0;i<5;i++) printf("%d",arr[i]);
Multidimensional arrays:
int a[2][3];
Strings:
char s[20]="Hello";
printf("%s",s);
String functions: strcpy, strlen, strcat.
UNIT IV:
Recursion:
Definition: Function calling itself.
Example:
int fact(int n){
if(n==1) return 1;
return n*fact(n-1);
Structures:
struct student { int id; char name[20]; };
Unions:
union data { int x; float y; };
UNIT V:
File Handling:
FILE *fp;
fp=fopen("[Link]","r");
Binary files:
fread(), fwrite()
Searching & Sorting:
- Linear Search
- Binary Search
- Bubble Sort
- Insertion Sort
- Selection Sort