VIDEO LESSON SCRIPT
Topic: Sample Space, Outcomes, Random Variables, Discrete and Continuous, Probability Distribution
Prepared by: Rachelle Ann C. Dango
Introduction
Hello everyone. Today I will discuss sample space, outcomes, random variables, their types, and how
to construct a probability distribution. The goal of this lesson is to make these concepts simple and
easy to understand.
Sample Space and Outcomes
A sample space is the set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.
Examples:
1. Tossing one coin
Sample Space: S = {H, T}
2. Tossing two coins
Sample Space: S = {TT, TH, HT, HH}
3. Rolling a die
Sample Space: S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
Each item inside the sample space is called an outcome or element.
Random Variables
A random variable is a numerical value assigned to the outcome of a random experiment.
Types of Random Variables
1. Discrete Random Variable
A discrete random variable is countable.
Examples:
- Number of heads in coin tosses
- Number of students in a classroom
- Number of defective items
2. Continuous Random Variable
A continuous random variable is measurable and may include decimals.
Examples:
- Time
- Temperature
- Height
- Weight
Rule of thumb:
Count = Discrete
Measure = Continuous
Example Application
Using the sample space for two coins:
S = {TT, TH, HT, HH}
Let Z be the random variable representing the number of heads.
Outcome Z
TT 0
TH 1
HT 1
HH 2
Possible values of Z: 0, 1, 2.
Probability Distribution Example
Suppose three computers are tested.
D = defective, N = not defective.
Sample Space:
NND, NDN, DNN, DND, DDN, NDD, DDD, NNN
Let X be the number of defective computers.
X P(x)
0 0.125
1 0.375
2 0.375
3 0.125
The sum of all probabilities is equal to 1.
Applications in Real Life
Random variables appear in daily life, such as:
- Number of customers entering a store
- Time spent studying
- Distance traveled
- Survey results and statistics
Conclusion
Today we learned:
- What sample space and outcomes are
- How random variables work
- The difference between discrete and continuous
- How to present a probability distribution
Thank you for watching.