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OBA English Alphabet
There are 26 letters in the English alphabet. There are 5 vowels: A, E, I, O and U. The rest of the letters are
consonants. Practise reading the letters out loud:
Capital letters (upper case letters):
A B C D E F G H
I J K L M N O
P Q R S T U V
W X Y Z
Small letters (lower case letters):
abcdefghi jk
lmnopqrstu
vwxyz
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Cursive Letters
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Tongue Twisters
❖ RED BULB BLUE BULB RED BULB BLUE BULB
❖ bubble bobble, bubble bobble, bubble bobble
❖ Kacha papaya pacca papaya Kacha papaya pacca papaya Kacha
papaya pacca papaya.
❖ Betty bought butter but the butter was bitter, so Betty bought better
butter to make the bitter butter better
❖ Upper roller lower roller Upper roller lower roller.
❖ I scream, you scream, we all scream for ice cream!
❖ Red leather, yellow leather, red leather, yellow leather
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Spelling Rule - Silent Letters
1. (w)rite (w)rong
2. wa(l)k ta(l)k ha(l)f
3. whis(t)le cas(t)le lis(t)en
4. fas(t)en Cris(t)mas of(t)en
1. hym(n) autum(n)
2. clim(b) com(b) dum(b)
3. w(h)ere w(h)y w(h)at
4. w(h)en w(h)ich w(h)ether
5. si(g)n forei(g)n champa(g)ne
1. i(s)land cu(p)board
2. (h)onest (h)onour (h)our
3. i(r)on mus(c)le (p)sychology
4. (w)ho (w)hose (w)hole
1. han(d)kerchief san(d)witch We(d)nesday
2. (k)now (k)nife (k)nee ( k)nock (k)nob
3. strai(gh)t throu(gh) ti(gh)t wei(gh)t nei(gh)bour
4. bou(gh)t brou(gh)t cau(gh)t ou(gh)t thou(gh)t
1. g(u)ess g(u)ide g(u)itar
2. hi(gh) hei(gh)t dau(gh)ter
3. li(gh)t mi(gh)t ri(gh)t
4. shou(l)d cou(l)d wou(l)d ca(l)m
Two syllables, not three
1. asp(i)rin bus(i)ness med(i)cine
2. diff(e)rent ev(e)ning ev(e)ry
3. om(e)lette sev(e)ral
4. rest(au)rant marri(a)ge
Three syllables, not four
1. comf(or)table secret(a)ry
temp(e)rature veg(e) table us(u)ally
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Number Cardinal Ordinal
10
11
12
13
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Number Cardinal Ordinal
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
31
40
50
60
70
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Number Cardinal Ordinal
80
90
100
101
200
1000
Dates, Years and Time
• Dates are usually written in day – month – year order in British English:
5 June 2025 or 5th June 2025
• In American English, the order is often month – day – year:
June 5, 2025
Saying Dates
• The day is said in ordinal form (first, second, third, etc.).
• The month is said normally (January, February, March, etc.).
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• The year is said by reading the numbers, sometimes split into two parts.
Written Date Spoken Date
1 January 2025 the first of January, twenty twenty-five
5 June 2025 the fifth of June, twenty twenty-five
21 July 1999 the twenty-first of July, nineteen ninety-nine
12 December 2010 the twelfth of December, twenty ten
31 October 2000 the thirty-first of October, two thousand
Write the following dates in words:
1. 3 March 2023 - ………………………………………………………
2. 15 August 1947 - ………………………………………………………
3. 22 November 2011 - ………………………………………………………
4. 7 July 1776 - ………………………………………………………
5. 10 October 2010 - ………………………………………………………
Years
1. How to Write Years
• Years are written as four digits, for example: 2025, 1999, 1776.
2. How to Say Years
• Years from 1000 to 1999 are usually said as two pairs of numbers:
o 1999 → "nineteen ninety-nine"
o 1776 → "seventeen seventy-six"
o 1605 → "sixteen oh five" (sometimes)
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• Years from 2000 onwards:
o 2000 → "two thousand" or "twenty hundred" (less common)
o 2005 → "two thousand five" or "twenty oh five"
o 2010 → "two thousand ten" or "twenty ten"
o 2023 → "twenty twenty-three"
• For years before 1000, just say the number normally:
o 476 → "four seventy-six" or "four hundred seventy-six"
Year How to Say
1492 fourteen ninety-two
1776 seventeen seventy-six
1914 nineteen fourteen
1945 nineteen forty-five
2000 two thousand
2001 two thousand one
2015 twenty fifteen
2025 twenty twenty-five
Write how to say these years:
1. 1987 - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. 2011 - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
3. 1750 - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
4. 1609 - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
5. 2020 - ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
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Time
Basic Structure:
Time is usually said in this order:
[Minutes] + [Past/To] + [Hour]
1. Exact Hours - Use o’clock for full hours:
• 1:00 → It’s one o’clock • 5:00 → It’s five o’clock
2. Minutes Past the Hour - Use past for minutes after the hour:
• 1:05 → It’s five past one • 4:25 → It’s twenty-five past four
• 2:10 → It’s ten past two
3. Minutes To the Hour - Use to for minutes before the next hour:
• 3:45 → It’s fifteen to four • 8:40 → It’s twenty to nine
• 6:50 → It’s ten to seven
4. Quarter and Half Hours
• 3:15 → It’s a quarter past three • 7:30 → It’s half past seven
• 5:45 → It’s a quarter to six
• 9:20 → It’s nine twenty
5. Digital or Formal Time • 12:45 → It’s twelve forty-five
You can also say time like this • 6:05 → It’s six oh five
(especially with digital clocks or
announcements):
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6. AM / PM
To avoid confusion:
• AM = Morning (Midnight to 11:59)
• PM = Afternoon/Evening (12:00 to 11:59)
Examples:
• 8:00 AM → It’s eight in the morning
• 7:00 PM → It’s seven in the evening
Write the Time in Words
1. 2:00 → …………………………………………………
2. 6:15 → …………………………………………………
3. 3:30 → …………………………………………………
4. 4:45 → …………………………………………………
5. 8:10 → …………………………………………………
6. 11:50 → …………………………………………………
7. 1:05 → …………………………………………………
8. 9:25 → …………………………………………………
9. 7:55 → …………………………………………………
10. 10:15 → …………………………………………………
Match the Clocks.
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Analog Time Time in Words
3:00 a) Half past six
5:15 b) Ten to nine
8:50 c) Three o’clock
6:30 d) Quarter past five
9:45 e) Quarter to ten