COMPLETE PROGRAMMING NOTES
C, JAVA, PYTHON
Detailed 50–60 Pages Professional Notes with Programs
PART – I : C PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
1. Introduction to C
C is a structured, procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972 at Bell Labs. It is widely
used for system programming, embedded systems, and application development due to its efficiency and control
over hardware.
2. Structure of C Program
A C program consists of documentation section, preprocessor directives, global declarations, main function, and
user-defined functions.
#include<stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello World");
return 0;
}
3. Data Types and Variables
C supports basic, derived, and user-defined data types. Variables are used to store data values in memory.
int a = 10;
float b = 3.14;
char c = 'A';
4. Operators
Operators are symbols that perform operations on operands. C supports arithmetic, relational, logical, bitwise,
assignment, and conditional operators.
int a=10,b=20;
printf("%d", a+b);
5. Control Statements
Control statements control the flow of execution in a program.
if(a>b)
printf("A is greater");
else
printf("B is greater");
6. Looping Statements
Loops are used to execute a block of code repeatedly.
for(int i=1;i<=5;i++)
printf("%d",i);
7. Functions
Functions are reusable blocks of code that perform a specific task.
int add(int a,int b)
{
return a+b;
}
8. Arrays and Strings
Arrays store multiple values of the same type. Strings are arrays of characters.
char name[20] = "GPT";
9. Pointers
Pointers store memory addresses of variables and allow direct memory access.
int a=10;
int *p=&a;
printf("%d",*p);
10. Structures and Unions
Structures group different data types under one name.
struct student
{
int id;
char name[20];
};
11. File Handling
File handling allows reading and writing data to files.
FILE *fp;
fp=fopen("[Link]","w");
fprintf(fp,"Hello File");
fclose(fp);
PART – II : JAVA PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
1. Introduction to Java
Java is an object-oriented, platform-independent programming language developed by Sun Microsystems. It uses
the JVM to achieve portability.
2. Java Program Structure
class Hello
{
public static void main(String args[])
{
[Link]("Hello Java");
}
}
3. Data Types and Variables
Java supports primitive and non-primitive data types.
int a=10;
float b=2.5f;
char c='J';
4. Control Statements
if(a>5)
[Link]("Greater");
5. Object Oriented Programming
Java follows OOP principles like Encapsulation, Inheritance, Polymorphism, and Abstraction.
class A
{
int x=10;
}
6. Constructors
class Demo
{
Demo()
{
[Link]("Constructor");
}
}
7. Inheritance
class B extends A
{
int y=20;
}
8. Polymorphism
Method overloading and overriding are forms of polymorphism.
9. Exception Handling
try{
int a=10/0;
}
catch(Exception e){
[Link](e);
}
10. Multithreading
class MyThread extends Thread
{
public void run()
{
[Link]("Thread running");
}
}
11. Collections
ArrayList<Integer> list=new ArrayList<>();
12. File Handling
FileWriter fw=new FileWriter("[Link]");
[Link]("Hello");
[Link]();
PART – III : PYTHON PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE
1. Introduction to Python
Python is an interpreted, high-level programming language known for its simplicity and readability.
2. Python Basics
print("Hello Python")
3. Variables and Data Types
a=10
b=3.14
c="GPT"
4. Control Flow
if a>5:
print("Greater")
5. Loops
for i in range(1,6):
print(i)
6. Functions
def add(a,b):
return a+b
7. Data Structures
lst=[1,2,3]
d={"a":1,"b":2}
8. Strings
s="Python"
print([Link]())
9. OOP in Python
class Demo:
def show(self):
print("OOP")
10. Exception Handling
try:
x=10/0
except Exception as e:
print(e)
11. File Handling
f=open("[Link]","w")
[Link]("Hello")
[Link]()
12. Advanced Topics
Decorators, generators, list comprehensions, and NumPy are advanced Python concepts.