Design Patterns: Modular

Architecture, Behavioral
Decoupling, and Enterprise-Ready
Abstractions
Design Patterns in Spring Boot

architecture view_quilt sync_alt

Creational Structural Behavioral
What are Design Patterns?

Reusable Solutions
Proven approaches to solve common programming
problems

Design Patterns

architecture view_quilt sync_alt

Creational Structural Behavioral

trending_up Code Enhancement

Creational Structural Behavioral
extension Flexibility build Maintainability

all_inclusive Scalability
Creational Patterns: How Objects Are Created

architecture Abstract Object Instantiation

Decouple object creation from usage Object Creation Strategies

extension Flexibility & Decoupling

Reduce dependencies between components Singleton

Factory
Prototype
Method

filter_1 Singleton filter_2 Factory Method Creational

Patterns

filter_3 Abstract Factory filter_4 Builder

Abstract
filter_5
Builder
Prototype Factory
1.1 Singleton

1.1
Singleton Pattern
Access

info Definition
Access Access
Ensures a class has exactly one instance with global access Singleton
Instance

code Spring Implementation Access Access

@Service classes (ApplicationContext manages as singletons)

@Service
public class MyService {
// Single instance managed by Spring settings Configuration logging Logging
}

storage Connection Pool

cache Cache Manager

warning Key Consideration
Avoid synchronized blocks; use for shared resources like configuration
and logging
1.2 Factory Method

1.2
Factory Method Pattern

info Definition Product A

Defines interface for creating objects, letting subclasses decide
instantiation

Product E Product B

code Spring Implementation

factory
Factory Method
@Configuration classes with @Bean methods

@Configuration
public class AppConfig {
@Bean Product D Product C
public MyService myService() {
return new MyServiceImpl();
}
}

settings Configuration extension Extensible Frameworks

api API Clients

trending_up Benefits
swap_horiz Strategy injection science Easier unit testing

settings_suggest Bean substitution

1.3 Abstract Factory

1.3
Abstract Factory
Abstract Factory Pattern

info Definition Factory A Factory B

Provides interface to create families of related objects

Product A1 Product
Product
A2 B1 Product B2

code Spring Implementation

Product A3 Product
Product
A4 B3 Product B4
@Component with @Profile for environment-specific factories

@Component
@Profile("dev")
public class DevFactory implements ServiceFactory {
// Dev-specific implementations
} sync_alt Environment Switching

extension Platform Independence

settings Configuration Management

lightbulb Use Case
Complete infrastructure switching with zero client changes
1.4 Builder

1.4
Builder Pattern

Builder
info Definition
Separates object construction from representation
setName() setAge()

setEmail() setAddress()
code Spring Implementation
@Builder annotation (Lombok)
setPhone() build()

@Builder
public class User {
Final Object
private String name;
private int age;
private String email;
}

api HTTP Clients dns Complex Objects

trending_up Benefits settings Configuration

science Test readability security Immutability

code Avoids telescoping constructors

1.5 Prototype

1.5
Prototype Pattern
Clone 1

info Definition
Creates new instances by cloning existing ones Clone 5 Clone 2

Prototype

code Spring Implementation

@Scope("prototype") beans
Clone 4 Clone 3
@Component
@Scope("prototype")
public class MyPrototype {
// New instance created each time
}
memory Memory Optimization cached Object Cloning

schedule Performance Boost

lightbulb Use Case

Expensive object instantiation; ThreadLocal or per-request instances
Structural Patterns: Object Composition

view_quilt Object Composition

Define how classes and objects compose larger structures Structural Pattern Relationships

Adapter

filter_1 Adapter filter_2 Bridge

Facade Bridge

filter_3 Composite filter_4 Decorator

Proxy
Structural
Flyweight
Patterns

filter_5 Facade filter_6 Flyweight

filter_7 Proxy Decorator Composite

2.1 Adapter

2.1
External/Legacy
Adapter Pattern System

info Definition
Converts incompatible interfaces for collaboration
sync_alt
Adapter

code Spring Implementation

@Component that implements target interface
Target System
@Component
public class LegacyAdapter implements ModernService {
@Autowired
private LegacyService legacyService;
// Adapts legacy calls to modern interface
} integration_instructions System Integration

autorenew Legacy Modernization

settings_suggest Interface Compatibility

lightbulb Use Case
Integrates external/legacy systems; promotes hexagonal architecture
2.2 Bridge

2.2
Bridge Pattern Abstraction Layer

info Definition
Splits large classes into abstraction and implementation hierarchies
device_hub
Bridge

code Spring Implementation

Interface with dependency injection
Implementation Layer
@Service
public class MessageService {
@Autowired
private MessageSender sender;
// Business logic using sender
} devices Platform Abstraction

swap_horiz Implementation Switching

extension Independent Variations

trending_up Benefit
Separates business logic from platform-specific implementation
2.3 Composite

2.3
Composite Pattern
Composite Root

info Definition
Composes objects into tree structures
Composite Node

code Spring Implementation Composite

Composite
Node Node

Interface with both leaf and composite implementations

public interface Component { Leaf Leaf Leaf Leaf

void operation();
}

@Component
public class Composite implements Component {
@Autowired
private List<Component> children;
} menu UI Menus folder File Systems

account_tree Organization Charts

lightbulb Use Case

Nested structures like menus, directory hierarchies
2.4 Decorator

2.4
Decorator Pattern

info Definition Logging

Dynamically adds behaviors via wrapper objects

Caching

Metrics

code Spring Implementation Core Service

@Component that delegates to another service

@Component
public class LoggingDecorator implements Service {
@Autowired
private Service delegate;
public void operation() {
[Link]("Before operation");
[Link]();
[Link]("After operation");
}
}
description Logging cached Caching analytics Metrics

lightbulb Use Case

Cross-cutting concerns (logging, caching, metrics)
2.5 Facade

2.5
Facade Pattern
Facade
info Definition
Simplifies complex subsystem interaction

Client
code Spring Implementation Subsystem 1 Subsystem 2 Subsystem 3

@Service that coordinates multiple services

@Service
public class OrderFacade { Subsystem 4 Subsystem 5
@Autowired
private PaymentService paymentService;
@Autowired
private InventoryService inventoryService;
@Autowired
private ShippingService shippingService;
// Coordinates all services shopping_cart E-commerce Systems integration_instructions API Gateways
}

dashboard Complex UI Systems

trending_up Benefit
Reduces coupling between subsystems and clients
2.6 Flyweight
2.6
Flyweight Pattern

info Definition Context 1 Context 2

Optimizes memory by sharing common state

share
Context 5 Context 6
Flyweight
code Spring Implementation
Factory with caching mechanism
Context 3 Context 4
@Component
public class FlyweightFactory { Flyweight Factory
private Map<String, Flyweight> cache = new
HashMap<>();
public Flyweight getFlyweight(String key) {
return [Link](key, k -> new
Flyweight(k));
}
} memory Memory Optimization grid_on UI Components

text_format Text Rendering

lightbulb Use Case

Memory-intensive applications with shared data
2.7 Proxy

2.7
Proxy Pattern

Client
info Definition
Placeholder controlling access to another object

code Spring Implementation

security
Proxy
@Transactional for lazy loading, security

@Service
@Transactional
public class UserService {
// Spring creates proxy for transaction management Real Object
public void updateUser(User user) {
// Transaction handled by proxy
}
}
security Security cached Caching schedule Lazy Loading

integration_instructions Integration
Core to Spring AOP mechanisms
Behavioral Patterns: Object Communication

sync_alt Object Interaction

Focus on object interaction and responsibility distribution
Behavioral Pattern Relationships

Observer
filter_1 Observer filter_2 Strategy
Chain of
Strategy
Responsibility

filter_3 Template Method filter_4 Command

Behavioral
Memento Iterator
Patterns
Chain of
filter_5 Responsibility filter_6 Iterator
State Mediator

filter_7 filter_8
Visitor
Memento Mediator Template
Command
Method

filter_9 State filter_10 Visitor

3.1 Observer
3.1
Observer Pattern
Observer 1

info Definition
One-to-many dependency for automatic notifications
Observer 5 Observer 2

notifications_active
Subject
code Spring Implementation
@EventListener for event handling

@Component
public class UserEventListener { Observer 4 Observer 3
@EventListener
public void handleUserCreated(UserCreatedEvent
event) {
// Process event
}
} notifications Event Handling sync Reactive Systems

update Real-time Updates

integration_instructions Integration
ApplicationEventPublisher for async behavior
3.2 Strategy

3.2
Strategy Pattern
Context

info Definition
Family of interchangeable algorithms

swap_horiz
Strategy
Interface
code Spring Implementation
Map of strategies with runtime selection

@Service Strategy A Strategy B Strategy C

public class PaymentService {
private Map<String, PaymentStrategy> strategies;
public void processPayment(String type) {
[Link](type).pay();
}
}
payment Payment Methods sort Sorting Algorithms

security Authentication

lightbulb Use Case

Replaces if-else structures; supports open/closed principle
3.3 Template Method

3.3
Template Method Pattern

architecture
info Definition Abstract Template

Algorithm skeleton with deferred implementation steps

Concrete ClassConcrete
A ClassConcrete
B Class C
code Spring Implementation
processData()
Abstract class with template methods

public abstract class DataProcessor {

loadData() transformData() saveData()
public final void processData() {
loadData();
transformData(); // Abstract
saveData();
}
protected abstract void transformData();
} sync_alt ETL Processes build Frameworks

settings_applications Configuration

lightbulb Use Case

Frameworks and ETL processes
3.4 Command

3.4
Command Pattern

Invoker
info Definition
Request as standalone object for execution

code Spring Implementation settings_applications

Command
Interface with execute method

public interface Command {

void execute();
}
Receiver
@Component
public class OrderCommand implements Command {
private OrderService orderService;
public void execute() {
[Link]();
} schedule Job Scheduling undo Undo Functionality
}
queue Transaction Management

lightbulb Use Case

Job scheduling, undo functionality, serialization
3.5 Chain of Responsibility
3.5
Chain of Responsibility Pattern
Request

info Definition Handler 1

Pass requests along handler chain
arrow_downward
Handler 2

code Spring Implementation

arrow_downward
Filter chain for request processing
Handler 3
@Component

arrow_downward
public class AuthenticationFilter implements Filter {
public void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
{
// Authentication logic Handler 4
[Link](request, response);
}
} security Authentication verified Validation

error_outline Error Handling

lightbulb Use Case

Middleware, validation, error handling
3.6 Iterator

3.6
Iterator Pattern
Item 1
repeat Iterator
Item 2

info Definition
Sequential access to collection elements

view_module
Collection
code Spring Implementation
Java Iterator interface

public interface Iterator<E> { Item 3 Item 4

boolean hasNext();
E next();
default void remove() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
list Data Traversal view_list Collection Access

layers Stream Processing

trending_up Benefit
Abstracts traversal logic
3.7 Memento
3.7
Memento Pattern

info Definition Originator

Captures and restores object state

State 1 State 2

code Spring Implementation

State management with save/restore methods State 3 State 4

@Component
public class DocumentEditor {
private Stack<DocumentMemento> history = new
Stack<>();
public void save() { Caretaker
[Link](new DocumentMemento(content));
}
public void undo() {
if (![Link]()) {
content = [Link]().getContent();
} undo Undo Operations restore State Restoration
}
}
history Version Control

lightbulb Use Case

Undo mechanisms, transaction rollbacks
3.8 Mediator
3.8
Mediator Pattern

Colleague 1
info Definition
Central object for communication
Colleague 5 Colleague 2

code Spring Implementation

hub
Mediator
@Component coordinating interactions

@Component
public class ChatMediator {
private List<User> users = new ArrayList<>(); Colleague 4 Colleague 3
public void sendMessage(String message, User user)
{
for (User u : users) {
if (u != user) [Link](message);
}
} chat Chat Systems flight Air Traffic Control
}

devices UI Components

trending_up Benefit
Simplifies complex object interactions
3.9 State

3.9
State Pattern
Context

info Definition
Dynamic behavior changes based on internal state

State A State B

swap_horiz
State Interface
code Spring Implementation
State objects with handle methods

public interface OrderState { State C State D

void processOrder(Order order);
}

@Component
public class NewOrderState implements OrderState {
public void processOrder(Order order) {
// New order processing logic shopping_cart Order Processing
[Link](new ProcessingState());
}
} account_tree Workflow Management

settings Configuration States

lightbulb Use Case

Order processing, workflow management
3.10 Visitor

3.10
Visitor Pattern

info Definition
Visitor
Separates algorithms from operated objects

code Spring Implementation Element A Element B

Accept method for algorithm execution

api
Visitor Interface

public interface Visitor {

void visit(ElementA element);
void visit(ElementB element);
}
Element C Element D
public interface Element {
void accept(Visitor visitor);
}

@Component
public class ElementA implements Element {
public void accept(Visitor visitor) { account_tree Composite Structures code Parsing
[Link](this);
}
}
assessment Reporting

lightbulb Use Case

Composite structures, parsing, reporting
Pattern Classification & Benefits

Pattern Type Pattern Core Benefit Spring Example

architecture Creational

Singleton One instance, lifecycle managed @Component, @Service

Factory Method Centralize object creation @Bean methods, @Configuration

Abstract Factory Families of related objects @Profile, strategy factories

Builder Complex object construction Lombok @Builder, HTTP clients

Prototype Cloning with isolation @Scope("prototype") beans

view_quilt Structural

Adapter Interface bridging CRM/ERP API integration

Decorator Dynamic behavior injection Logging wrappers

Proxy Access control, lifecycle @Transactional, AOP

Composite Hierarchical uniform APIs Menu trees, permission hierarchies

Messaging, external service

Bridge Abstraction/implementation separation abstraction

sync_alt Behavioral

Observer Event-based decoupling @EventListener, ApplicationEvent

Strategy Pluggable, dynamic behavior Map<String, Strategy> injection

Template Method Workflow skeleton Data import, test bases

Command Encapsulated request logic Async workers, message handlers

References & Further Reading

menu_book Key Resources

auto_stories Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software tips_and_updates Presentation Tips
Gang of Four
format_color_text Use code highlighting for Spring annotations
and implementations
auto_stories Effective Java
account_tree Include diagrams for pattern structures (UML)
Joshua Bloch

label_important Emphasize Spring-specific annotations and

their roles
code Spring Framework Reference Documentation

cases Provide real-world use cases for each pattern

school Refactoring Guru - Design Patterns Explained Simply

compare Compare and contrast similar patterns

verified Include best practices and considerations for

auto_stories Spring Boot Design Patterns
each implementation
Dinesh Rajput

Patterns of
Head First Design Enterprise
Clean Architecture
Patterns Application
Architecture