A Brief History of Computing
From Calculation to
Connection
Mechanical Marvels
Before Electronics...
Before computers fit on our desks, they were giant
machines of gears and levers.
•
The Abacus: One of the first tools for counting, used for
thousands of years.
Mechanical Marvels
Before Electronics...
Babbage's Engine: In the 1800s, Charles Babbage designed
the 'Difference Engine', a mechanical calculator that was the
• blueprint for modern computers.
The Electronic Giants
The First Electronic Computers
The 1940s brought computers like ENIAC. These were
revolutionary but impractical for daily use.
•
Room-Sized: They filled entire rooms.
•
Vacuum Tubes: Used thousands of unreliable, hot vacuum
tubes for processing.
•
Used For: Complex calculations for science and military.
The Transistor & Microchip
The Shift to Silicon
The invention of the transistor (1947) and the microchip
(1950s) made computers smaller, faster, and cheaper.
•
Transistors: Replaced bulky vacuum tubes.
•
Integrated Circuits (Microchips): Put thousands of
transistors onto a tiny silicon chip.
•
The Result: The rise of powerful 'Mainframe' computers for
business.
The PC Revolution
The Computer on Every Desk
The 1970s & 80s brought computing to the masses with the
Personal Computer (PC).
•
Key Players: Companies like Apple and IBM made computers
for homes and offices.
•
New Software: This revolution created the need for user-
friendly software... like MS Word!
•
The Internet: Soon after, the internet connected these PCs,
changing the world.
Certificate in IT: Class 2
Advanced MS Word: Layout and Styling
Today's Agenda
Quick Review: Create, Save, Font & Paragraph formatting.
Part 1: Page Layout (Margins, Orientation, Size)
Part 2: Advanced Formatting (Styles & Themes)
Part 3: Working with Objects (Images, Shapes, Tables)
Part 4: Headers & Footers (Page Numbers, Footnotes)
Part 5: Activity (Build a Professional Resume)
Part 1: Page Layout
Controlling the foundation of your document.
Page Layout: Margins
What are Margins?
Margins are the blank spaces around the edges of your
page. Adjusting them changes how much text fits on the
page.
Steps to Change Margins:
1.
Go to the 'Layout' Tab.
2.
Click 'Margins'.
3.
Choose a preset (like 'Narrow' or 'Wide') for a quick change.
4.
Click 'Custom Margins' to set your own specific values.
Page Layout: Orientation & Size
Orientation (Portrait vs. Landscape)
This changes the direction of your page.
•
Portrait is tall (like a letter).
•
Landscape is wide (like a certificate).
Page Size (A4, Letter, etc.)
This sets your paper size for printing. (A4 is the standard in
Sri Lanka).
Steps:
1.
Go to the 'Layout' Tab.
2.
Click 'Orientation' to choose.
3.
Click 'Size' to select your paper size.
Part 2: Advanced Formatting
The secret to fast and professional documents: Styles & Themes.
The Old Way vs. The Smart Way
The Old Way (Slow) The Smart Way (Fast)
To make a heading, you would: To make a heading, you use Styles:
1. 1.
Highlight the text. Highlight the text.
2. 2.
Change the Font. Click the 'Heading 1' Style.
3. 3.
Change the Size (e.g., 16pt). Done.
4. 4.
Click 'Bold'. Bonus: If you change the *Style*, all your headings
5. update at once!
...and repeat for *every single heading*!
How to Use Styles
What are Styles?
'Styles' are pre-set formatting packages for your text (e.g.,
'Normal', 'Title', 'Heading 1', 'Heading 2').
Steps to Apply a Style:
1.
Go to the 'Home' tab.
2.
Find the 'Styles' gallery in the ribbon.
3.
Select the text you want to format (e.g., "Education").
4.
Click the style you want, like 'Heading 1' or 'Heading 2'.
How to Use Themes
What are Themes?
'Themes' change the *entire look* of your document (colors
and fonts) at once. They only work if you have used Styles!
Steps to Apply a Theme:
1.
Go to the 'Design' Tab.
2.
Hover your mouse over the 'Themes' to see a live preview.
3.
Click one to apply it.
4.
Notice how all your 'Heading' styles change instantly.
Part 3: Working with Objects
Adding more than just text to your document.
How to Insert Images & Shapes
Add Visual Elements
You can add photos, logos, or simple shapes like lines and
arrows.
Steps:
1.
Go to the 'Insert' Tab.
2.
Click 'Pictures' to add a photo from your computer.
3.
Click 'Shapes' to draw a line, box, or arrow (great for
resumes!).
4.
When you select the object, a new 'Format' tab appears for
customizing it.
How to Insert Tables
Organizing Your Data
Tables are perfect for organizing data in rows and columns,
like for a list of skills in a resume or a schedule.
Steps:
1.
Go to the 'Insert' Tab.
2.
Click 'Table'.
3.
Drag your mouse over the grid to select the number of rows
and columns you need.
4.
Click, and the table will appear on your page.
Part 4: Headers & Footers
Professional touches for multi-page documents.
How to Add Headers & Footers
What are they?
Headers are at the very top of the page. Footers are at the
very bottom. They appear on *every* page automatically.
They are perfect for your name (in a resume) or a company
logo.
Steps:
1.
Go to the 'Insert' Tab.
2.
Click 'Header' or 'Footer'.
3.
Choose a built-in style (or 'Edit Header' to type your own).
How to Add Headers & Footers
How to Add Page Numbers
Automate Your Page Counting
Never type page numbers manually! Word will do it for you.
Steps:
1.
Go to the 'Insert' Tab.
2.
Click 'Page Number'.
3.
Choose the Location (e.g., 'Bottom of Page').
4.
Choose a Style (e.g., 'Plain Number 2' for the center).
5.
Word will automatically add it to the footer on every page.
How to Add Footnotes
What are Footnotes?
Footnotes are for adding citations or extra comments at
the bottom of a specific page. A small number (like ¹)
appears in the text.
Steps:
1.
Click where you want the number to appear in your text.
2.
Go to the 'References' Tab.
3.
Click 'Insert Footnote'.
4.
Word automatically adds the number and moves your cursor
to the bottom of the page to type your note.
How to Add Footnotes
How to Add Footnotes
Part 5: Activity - Build a Resume
Let's combine all these skills into one professional document.
Activity: Build a Resume (30 Mins)
1. New Document: Open a new Blank Document.
2. Page Layout: Set the Margins to 'Narrow' ('Layout' Tab).
3. Header: Go to 'Insert' > 'Header'. Choose a 'Blank' style. Type your Full Name and Contact Info.
4. Styles: Type these headings: "Summary", "Education", "Experience", "Skills".
5. Apply Styles: Select each heading one by one and apply the 'Heading 2' Style from the 'Home' tab.
6. Table: Under your "Skills" heading, 'Insert' > 'Table'. Make it 4 columns and 2 rows to list your skills.
7. Save: Save the file as "My_Resume.docx".
Questions?
Great work today! Please save your resume and we will use it in future classes.