STRUCTURE
XU HƯỚNG TĂNG XU HƯỚNG GIẢM
ĐỘNG TỪ DANH TỪ ĐỘNG TỪ DANH TỪ
Increase An increase Fall A fall
Rise A rise Drop A drop
Grow A growth Decrease A decrease
Decline A decline
Rocket A surge Plunge Plunge
Skyrocket A jump Plummet Plummet
Soar
Surge
Jump
Từ có sẵn mức độ -> không cần dùng thêm Adj hoăc Adv chỉ mức độ
Surge – increase dramatically
Surge dramatically
DAO ĐỘNG MẠNH MẼ
Fluctuate
Vary ● (Experienced a slight/ wild )
Swing Fluctuation
Hover around ● variation
XU HƯỚNG ĐI NGANG
ĐỘNG TỪ DANH TỪ
Level off/ flatten out ( dừng quá trình tăng Reach a plateau at
giảm để đi ngang tại 1 điểm nhất định) Reach a period of stability at
Stabilise Remain: unchanged/ the same/ stable (at)
Register a steady (amount/ number/
percentage) of
E.g: Vietnam registered a steady amount of
fish consumed weekly.
ĐỈNH CAO NHẤT
Động từ Danh từ
Peak at Reach a peak of/ reach the highest point of
Lead Reach the topmost
e.g: A leads during this period based on A peak…was reached ..
percentage score Take the lead
Enjoy a lead
The leading… is..
ĐỈNH THẤP NHẤT
Bottom out
● Reach the bottom
● Reach the lowest point
● Hit a trough
TĂNG GIẢM NÓI CHUNG - Dùng viết miêu tả xu hướng chung không có số liệu đi
kèm
Upward trend Downward trend
The general trend is downward
● The trend moved upward It moved in a downward direction
● An upward shift in the figure was seen during 8-year period.
between… There was a downward trend/
● There was an upward trend ….. direction…..
REVERSE
● A’s trend was the reverse of B’s movement
● The trends of A and B took contrary directions
● Group A and Group B showed inverse movements from 2003 to 2009
● A was the opposite of B based on its performance from 2003 to 2009
RECOVERY: khôi phục
● The volumes recovered from June to September
● There was a recovery following the month of May
● The months of June to September are the period of recovery
● The quantities began to get back to their previous levels
TÍNH TỪ VÀ TRẠNG TỪ MIÊU TẢ MỨC ĐỘ
MỨC ĐỘ ADJ ADV
Mạnh Dramatic Dramatically
Significant Significantly
Sharp Sharply
Steep Steeply
Considerable Considerably
Exponential Exponentially
Noticeable Noticeably
Markable Markably
Chậm/ Nhẹ Slight Slightly
slow Slowly
Insignificant Insignificantly
Modest Modestly
Marginal Marginally
Dần dần Gradual Gradually
Eventual Eventually
CẤU TRÚC MÔ TẢ XU HƯỚNG
1. DÙNG ĐỘNG TỪ
S (chủ thể miêu tả) + V (xu hướng) + Adv ( mức độ) + by…..to…(số cuối)
The number of Vietnamese car users increased rapidly by 10 million to 15 million
NOTE: Mô tả sẵn xu hướng+ mức độ
A + double (d) = A + rose twofold = A + rose two times
A + tripled(d) = A + rose threefold= A rose three times
A + quadruple(d) = A + rose fourfold = A + rose four times
A+ quintuple (d) = A rose fivefold = A rose five times
A + halve(d) = A + reduce(d) by a half
2. DÙNG DANH TỪ
There was (a/an) + Adj (mức độ) + N ( xu hướng) + of…to… in + the percentage/
number/amount of…. ( đối tượng mô tả)
● There was a rapid increase of 10 million to 15 million in the number of Vietnamese
car users.
● There was a sharp rise in the number of tourists to Vietnam over the period, from…..
to…
Note: Với các con số ở khoảng giữa, nếu đi với động từ thì dùng “BY”, còn nếu đi với danh
từ thì dùng “OF”.
3. SAW/ WITNESSED
This period/ this nation… + saw/witnessed + (a/an) + adj ( mức độ)+ N ( xu hướng) +
of….to…+ in + the number / percentage/ amount of ….. ( đối tượng mô tả)
● Vietnam saw a rapid increase of 10 million to 15 million in the number of car users
● This period witnessed a rapid increase of 10 million to 15 million in the number of
car users.
● The period witnessed a sharp rise in the number of tourists to Vietnam, from…to
● the year 2010 witnessed a noticeable rise in the number of car users in Vietnam
from…to….
4. EXPERIENCED/ UNDERWENT
S (chủ thể miêu tả)+ experienced/underwent + (a/an) + adj( mức độ)+ N (xu hướng) +
of….to….
● The number of Vietnamese car users experienced/underwent a rapid increase of 10
million to 15 million.
LINKING DEVICES/ COHESIVE DEVICES ĐỂ KẾT NỐI CÁC CÂU MÔ TẢ LẠI
VỚI NHAU
1. Respectively/ In turn :
The number of tourists to Vietnam and China doubled/ rose sharply over the period to 10
million and 20 million respectively
2. While/ Whereas
The number of car users in Vietnam increased dramatically by 10 million to 20 million,
while the figure for Thailand experienced a slight decrease of 2 million to just over 35
million
3. Meanwhile/ At the same time/ In the same year/ By comparison
S V O. Meanwhile, S V O
S V O. S, meanwhile, V O
S V O; meanwhile, S V O
4. By contrast/ On the contrary: ngược lại thì -> so sánh ngược chiều
5. Similarly/ Likewise: Tương tự vậy -> Cùng chiều
6. Compared with
E.g: The percentage of students in Vietnam increased noticeably. ….., compared
with a slight rise of… in Thai’s figure.
The percentage of students in Vietnam increased noticeably. ….., compared with a
significant decline of… in Thai’s figure
Note: Compared to chỉ dùng để so sánh số liệu/ không dùng để so sánh xu hướng