1
▪W W W – World Wide Web.
▪ HTML – HyperText Markup Language – The
Language of Web Pages on the World Wide
Web. HTML is a text formatting language.
▪ URL – Uniform Resource Locator.
▪ Browser – A software program which is used to show
web pages.
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▪ “Normal text” surrounded by
bracketed tags that tell
browsers how to display web
pages
▪ Pages end with “.htm” or
“.html” ▪ HTML Editor – A word
processor that has been
specialized to make the
writing of HTML documents
more effortless.
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▪ Codes enclosed in brackets
▪ Usually paired
<TITLE>My Web Page</TITLE>
▪ Notcase sensitive
<TITLE> = <title> = <TITLE>
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▪ There are many different programs that you can use
to create web documents.
▪ HTML Editors enable users to create documents
quickly and easily by pushing a few buttons. Instead
of entering all of the HTML codes by hand.
▪ These programs will generate the HTML Source
Code for you.
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In this slide you will learn to create HTML
pages with a standard text editor.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Choose a Text Editor.
2. Create a Basic Starting Document.
3. Understand and set Document
Properties. 4. View Your Results in a
Browser.
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<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>Al al-Bayt University</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
This is what is displayed.
</BODY>
</HTML>
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The HEAD of your document point to above
window part. The TITLE of your document
appears in the very top line of the user’s
browser. If the user chooses to “Bookmark”
your page or save as a “Favorite”; it is the
TITLE that is added to the list.
▪ The text in your TITLE should be as
descriptive as possible because this is what
many search engines, on the internet, use
for indexing your site.
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Document properties are controlled
by attributes of the BODY element.
For example, there are color settings
for the background color of the page,
the document’s text and different
states of links.
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Colorsare set using “RGB” color codes,
which are, represented as hexadecimal
values. Each 2-digit section of the code
represents the amount, in sequence, of
red, green or blue that forms the color. For
example, a RGB value with 00 as the first
two digits has no red in the color.
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Main Colours
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RGB Colour Model
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14. PINK
15. ORANGE
1. WHITE 2. BLACK
3. RED 1. #FFFFFF
4. GREEN 2. #000000 3. #FF0000 4.
5. BLUE #00FF00 5. #0000FF 6.
6. MAGENTA #FF00FF 7. #00FFFF 8.
7. CYAN #FFFF00 9. #70DB93 10.
8. YELLOW #5C3317 11. #9F5F9F
9. AQUAMARINE 12. #B5A642 13. #B87333
10. BAKER’S CHOCOLATE 11. 14. #FF6EC7 15. #FF7F00
VIOLET
12. BRASS 14
13. COPPER
The BODY element of a web page is an
important element in regards to the page’s
appearance. Here are the attributes of the
BODY tag to control all the levels:
TEXT="#RRGGBB" to change the color of all
the text on the page (full page text color.) ▪ This
element contains information about the page’s
background color, the background image, as well
as the text and link colors.
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very common to see web pages with their background
color set to white or some other colors. ▪ To set your
document’s background color, you need to edit the
<BODY> element by adding the BGCOLOR attribute.
The following example will display a document with a
white background color:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>
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▪ The TEXT attribute is used to control the color
of all the normal text in the document. The
default color for text is black. The TEXT
attribute would be added as follows:
<BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”
TEXT=“#FF0000”></BODY>
In this example the document’s page
color is white and the text would be red. 17
These attributes control the colors of the
different link states:
1. LINK – initial appearance – default =
Blue. 2. VLINK – visited link – default =
Purple.
3. ALINK –active link being clicked–default=
Yellow. The Format for setting these
attributes is: <BODY BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”
TEXT=“#FF0000” LINK=“#0000FF”
VLINK=“#FF00FF”
ALINK=“FFFF00”> </BODY>
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▪ TheBODY element also gives you ability of setting
an image as the document’s background.
▪ Anexample of a background image’s HTML code is
as follows:
<BODY BACKGROUND=“[Link]”
BGCOLOR=“#FFFFFF”></BODY>
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▪ Once you have created your basic
starting document and set your
document properties it is a good
idea to save your file.
▪ To save a file, in NotePad, follow these
steps: 1. Locate and click on the menu
called “File”. 2. Select the option under
File Menu labeled “Save As”.
3. In the “File Name” text box, type in
the entire name of your file (including
the extension name .html).
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▪ To preview Your Work, open a web browser
and do the following:
1. Click on the menu labeled “File”. 2.
Locate the menu option, “Open”.
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3. In the “Open” dialog box, click on
the “Browse” button and locate
your web document.
4. Click “OK” once you have selected your
file.
▪ The
web browser will load the same
document but with the new revisions. This
process is the Edit, Save and View Cycle.
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In this slide you will add headings to your
page, insert paragraphs, add some
breaks, and add horizontal rules.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to
1. List and describe the different Heading
elements.
2. Use Paragraphs to add text to a document. 3.
Insert breaks where necessary.
4. Add a Horizontal Rule.
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▪ Inside the BODY element, heading
elements H1 through H6 are
generally used for major divisions
of the document. Headings are
permitted to appear in any order,
but you will obtain the best results
when your documents are displayed
in a browser if you follow these guidelines:
1. H1: should be used as the highest level of heading,
H2 as the next highest, and so forth.
2. You should not skip heading levels: e.g., an H3 should
not appear after an H1, unless there is an H2
between them.
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<HTML> <H3> Heading 3 </H3>
<HEAD> <H4> Heading 4 </H4>
<TITLE> Example <H5> Heading 5 </H5>
Page</TITLE> </HEAD> <H6> Heading 6 </H6>
<BODY> </BODY>
<H1> Heading 1 </H1> </HTML>
<H2> Heading 2 </H2>
Heading 1 25
Heading 2 Heading
3
Heading 4
Heading 5
Heading 6
▪ Paragraphs allow you to add text to a
document in such a way that it will
automatically adjust the end of line to suite
the window size of the browser in which it is
being displayed. Each line of text will stretch
the entire length of the window.
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<HTML><HEAD> </H1> <P> Paragraph 1,
<TITLE> Example ….</P> <H2> Heading 2 </H2>
Page</TITLE> </HEAD> <P> Paragraph 2,
<BODY></H1> Heading 1 ….</P> <H3> Heading 3
</H3>
Paragraph 3,….
<P> Paragraph 3,
….</P> <H4> Heading 4
Heading 4
</H4> Paragraph 4,….
<P> Paragraph 4, Heading 5
….</P> <H5> Heading 5 Paragraph 5,….
</H5>
<P> Paragraph 5,
….</P> <H6> Heading
6</H6>
<P> Paragraph 6,
….</P>
</BODY></HTML>
Heading 1
Paragraph 1,….
Heading
2 Paragraph 2,….
Heading 3
Heading 6
Paragraph 6,….
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▪ Line breaks allow you to decide where
the text will break on a line or continue
to the end of the window.
▪ A <BR> is an empty Element, meaning
that it may contain attributes but it
does not contain content.
▪ The <BR> element does not have a closing
tag.
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<HTML> </BODY>
<HEAD> </HTML>
<TITLE> Example
Page</TITLE> </HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1> Heading 1 </H1> Heading
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR>
Line 2 <BR> Line 3 <BR>….
</P>
1 Paragraph 1,….
Line 2
Line 3
….
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▪ The <HR> element causes
the browser to display a
horizontal line (rule) in your
document.
▪ <HR> does not use a closing
tag, </HR>.
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<HTML> Page</TITLE> </HEAD>
<HEAD> <BODY>
<TITLE> Example <H1> Heading 1 </H1>
<P>Paragraph 1, <BR>
Line 2 <BR>
<HR>Line 3 <BR>
</P>
</BODY>
</HTML>
Heading 1
Paragraph 1,….
Line 2
_______________________
_ ___
Line 3
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In this slide you will learn how to enhance your page
with Bold, Italics, and other character formatting
options. Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able to
1. Change the color and size of your text.
2. Use Common Character Formatting Elements. 3.
Align your text.
4. Add special characters.
5. Use other character formatting elements. 32
▪ <FONT SIZE=“+2”> Two sizes bigger</FONT>
▪ The size attribute can be set as an absolute value from 1 to 7
or as a relative value using the “+” or “-” sign. Normal text
size is 3 (from -2 to +4).
▪ <B> Bold </B>
▪ <I> Italic </I>
▪ <U> Underline </U>
▪ Color = “#RRGGBB” The COLOR attribute of the FONT
element. E.g., <FONT COLOR=“#RRGGBB”>this text has
color</FONT>
▪ <PRE> Preformatted </PRE> Text enclosed by PRE tags is
displayed in a mono-spaced font. Spaces and line breaks are
supported without additional elements or special characters. 33
<EM> Emphasis </EM> Browsers usually display
this as italics.
▪ <STRONG> STRONG </STRONG> Browsers
display this as bold.
▪ <TT> TELETYPE </TT> Text is displayed in a
mono-spaced font. A typewriter text, e.g. fixed
width font. ▪ <CITE> Citation </CITE> represents
a document citation (italics).
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<P> <FONT SIZE=“+1”> One Size Bold - italics - Underlined
Larger </FONT> - Normal – - Colored
<FONT SIZE=“-1”> One Size Emphasized - Strong - Tele
Smaller </FONT> <BR> Type
<B> Bold</B> - <I> italics</I> -
<U> Underlined </U> -
<FONT COLOR=“#FF0000”>
Colored </FONT> <BR>
<EM> Emphasized</EM> -
<STRONG> Strong </STRONG>
- <TT> Tele Type </TT> <BR>
One Size Larger - Normal
– One Size Smaller
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▪ Someelements have attributes for alignment
(ALIGN) e.g. Headings, Paragraphs and
Horizontal Rules.
▪ TheThree alignment values are : LEFT, RIGHT,
CENTER.
▪ <CENTER></CENTER> Will center elements. 36
▪ <DIV ALIGN=“value”></DIV> Represents a division
in the document and can contain most other
element type. The alignment attribute of the DIV
element is well supported.
▪ <TABLE></TABLE> Inside a TABLE, alignment can
be set for each individual cell.
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▪ <STRIKE> strike-through text</STRIKE>
DEL is used for STRIKE at the latest
browsers ▪ <BIG> places text in a big
font</BIG>
▪ <SMALL> places text in a small
font</SMALL>
▪ <SUB>
places text in subscript position
</SUB>
▪ <SUP> places text in superscript style
position </SUP>
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<P><STRIKE> strike-through text </STRIKE></BR>
<BIG>places text in a big font </BIG><BR>
<SMALL> places text in a small
font</SMALL><BR>
<SUB> places text in subscript position
</SUB> Normal
<SUP> places text in superscript style position
</SUP><BR> </P>
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In this slide you will learn how to create a variety of
lists. Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be able
to 1. Create an unordered list.
2. Create an ordered list.
3. Create a defined list.
4. Nest Lists.
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▪ HTML supplies several list elements. Most list
elements are composed of one or more <LI> (List
Item) elements. ▪ UL : Unordered List. Items in this
list start with a list mark such as a bullet.
Browsers will usually change the list mark in
nested lists.
<UL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
List item …
List item …
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▪ You have the choice of three bullet types: disc(default),
circle, square.
▪ These are controlled in Netscape Navigator by the
“TYPE” attribute for the <UL> element.
<UL TYPE=“square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</UL>
▪ List item …
▪ List item …
▪ List item …
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▪ OL: Ordered List. Items in this list are numbered
automatically by the browser.
<OL>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
1. List item …
2. List item …
3. List item
▪ You have the choice of setting the TYPE Attribute to
one of five numbering styles.
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TYPE Numbering Styles
Arabic numbers
Lower alpha
Upper alpha
Lower roman
1 1,2,3, …… a a, b, c, …… A A, B, C,
……
i i, ii, iii, …… I Upper roman I, II, III, ……
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▪ Youcan specify a starting number for an
ordered list.
<OL TYPE =“i”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
<P> text ….</P>
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
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i. List item …
ii. List item …
Text ….
iii. List item …
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▪ DL:Definition List. This kind of list is different from the
others. Each item in a DL consists of one or more
Definition Terms (DT elements), followed by one or more
Definition Description (DD elements).
<DL>
<DT> HTML </DT>
<DD> Hyper Text Markup Language </DD>
<DT> DOG </DT>
<DD> A human’s best friend!</DD>
</DL>
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language
DOG
A human’s best friend!
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▪ You can nest lists by inserting a UL, OL, etc., inside
a list item (LI).
EXample
<UL TYPE = “square”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …
<OL TYPE=“i” START=“3”>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
</OL>
</LI>
<LI> List item …</LI>
<>48
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">SAFETY TIPS FOR
CANOEISTS</H1> <OL TYPE=“a” START=“2”>
<LI>Be able to swim </LI>
<LI>Wear a life jacket at all times </LI>
<LI>Don't stand up or move around. If canoe tips,
<UL>
<LI>Hang on to the canoe </LI>
<LI>Use the canoe for support and </LI>
<LI>Swim to shore
</UL> </LI>
<LI>Don't overexert yourself </LI>
<LI>Use a bow light at night </LI>
</OL>
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50
<H1 ALIGN="CENTER">SAFETY TIPS FOR
CANOEISTS</H1>
<OL TYPE="a" START="2">
<LI>Be able to swim </LI>
<LI>Wear a life jacket at all times </LI> <LI>Don't
stand up or move around. If canoe tips, <UL>
<LI>Hang on to the canoe </LI>
<LI>Use the canoe for</UL> </LI>
support <OL type="I" <LI>Don't overexert
start="4"> yourself </LI>
<LI> Be careful </LI> <LI>Use a bow light
<LI> Do not look at night </LI> </OL>
around</LI> </LI> What will
</OL>
<LI>Swim to shore be the output?
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In this slide you will learn about images and
how to place images in your pages.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to
1. Add images to your pages.
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▪ <IMG>This element defines a graphic
image on the page.
▪ Image File (SRC:source): This value will
be a URL (location of the image) E.g.
[Link] or
/dir/[Link].
▪ Alternate Text (ALT): This is a text field
that describes an image or acts as a label.
It is displayed when they position the
cursor over a graphic image.
▪ Alignment (ALIGN): This allows you to
align the image on your page.
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▪ Width (WIDTH): is the width of the image in pixels. ▪
Height (HEIGHT): is the height of the image in pixels.
▪ Border (BORDER): is for a border around the
image, specified in pixels.
▪ HSPACE: is for Horizontal Space on both sides of
the image specified in pixels. A setting of 5 will put
5 pixels of invisible space on both sides of the
image.
▪ VSPACE: is for Vertical Space on top and bottom of
the image specified in pixels. A setting of 5 will put
5 pixels of invisible space above and bellow the
image.
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1) <IMG SRC=“[Link]“ border=4>
2) <IMG SRC=" [Link]" width="60"
height="60"> 3) <IMG SRC=“[Link]" ALT="This
is a text that goes with the image">
4) <IMG SRC=" [Link] “ Hspace="30"
Vspace="10" border=20>
5) < IMG SRC =" [Link]“
align="left"> blast blast blast blast blast
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In this slide you will learn about Uniform
Resource Locator, and how to add them as
Anchor or Links inside your web pages.
Objectives
Upon completing this section, you should be
able to
1. Insert links into documents.
2. Define Link Types.
3. Define URL.
4. List some commonly used URLs.
5. Plan an Image Map.
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1) The tags used to produce links are the <A> and
</A>. The <A> tells where the link should start and
the </A> indicates where the link ends. Everything
between these two will work as a link.
2) The example below shows how to make the
word Here work as a link to yahoo.
Click <A
HREF="[Link] to go
to yahoo.
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<body LINK="#C0C0C0" VLINK="#808080"
ALINK="#FF0000">
LINK - standard link - to a page the visitor hasn't been
to yet. (standard color is blue - #0000FF).
VLINK - visited link - to a page the visitor has been to
before. (standard color is purple - #800080). ALINK -
active link - the color of the link when the mouse is
on it. (standard color is red - #FF0000).
If the programmer what to change the color
Click <a href="[Link]
color="FF00CC">here</font></a> to go to yahoo.
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▪ Internal Links : Links can also be created inside large documents
to simplify navigation. Today’s world wants to be able to get
the information quickly. Internal links can help you meet
these goals.
1. Select some text at a place in the document that you would
like to create a link to, then add an anchor to link to like
this:
<A NAME=“bookmark_name”></A>
The Name attribute of an anchor element specifies a
location in the document that we link to shortly. All NAME
attributes in a document must be unique.
2. Next select the text that you would like to create as a link to
the location created above.
<A HREF=“#bookmark_name”>Go To Book Mark</A>
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E.g. [Link]
▪ The type of service is identified as the mail
client program. This type of link will launch the
users mail client.
▪ The recipient of the message is kmf@[Link]
<A HREF=“[Link] me
More Information </A>
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▪ Image maps are images, usually in gif format that have
been divided into regions; clicking in a region of the
image cause the web surfer to be connected to a
new URL. Image maps are graphical form of creating
links between pages.
▪ There are two type of image maps:
Client side and server side
Both types of image maps involve a listing of co-ordinates
that define the mapping regions and which URLs those
coordinates are associated with. This is known as the map
file.
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Types of Shapes
Rect 🡪 used for squares and ordered shapes.
Circle 🡪 used for circles.
Poly 🡪 used for unordered shapes.
Number of coordenations for each
shape: Rect 🡪4 numbers for two corners
Circle 🡪3 numbers for the center & R
Poly 🡪 depends on the number of corners of the
shape( 2 numbers for each corner)
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In this chapter you will learn that tables have many uses
in
HTML.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able
to:
1. Insert a table.
2. Explain a table’s attributes.
3. Edit a table.
4. Add a table header.
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▪ The <TABLE></TABLE> element has four
sub-elements:
1. Table Row<TR></TR>.
2. Table Header <TH></TH>.
3. Table Data <TD></TD>.
4. Caption <CAPTION></CAPTION>.
▪ The table row elements usually contain
table header elements or table data
elements.
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<table border=“1”>
<tr>
<th> Column 1 header </th>
<th> Column 2 header </th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Row1, Col1 </td>
<td> Row1, Col2 </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> Row2, Col1 </td>
<td> Row2, Col2 </td>
</tr>
</table>
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Column 1 Header Column 2 Header
Row1, Col1 Row1, Col2
Row2, Col1 Row2, Col2
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▪ BGColor: Some browsers support background
colors in a table.
▪ Width: you can specify the table width as an
absolute number of pixels or a percentage of
the document width. You can set the width for
the table cells as well.
▪ Border: You can choose a numerical value for
the border width, which specifies the border in
pixels.
▪ CellSpacing: Cell Spacing represents the space
between cells and is specified in pixels.
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▪ CellPadding: Cell Padding is the space between
the cell border and the cell contents and is
specified in pixels.
▪ Align: tables can have left, right, or center
alignment.
▪ Background: Background Image, will be titled in
IE3.0 and above.
▪ BorderColor, BorderColorDark.
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table caption allows you to specify a line of
text that will appear centered above or bellow
the table.
<TABLE BORDER=1 CELLPADDING=2>
<CAPTION ALIGN=“BOTTOM”> Label For My Table
</CAPTION>
▪ TheCaption element has one attribute ALIGN
that can be either TOP (Above the table) or
BOTTOM (below the table).
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▪ TableData cells are represented by the TD
element. Cells can also be TH (Table Header)
elements which results in the contents of the
table header cells appearing centered and in
bold text.
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▪ Colspan: Specifies how many cell columns of the table
this cell should span.
▪ Rowspan: Specifies how many cell rows of the table this
cell should span.
▪ Align: cell data can have left, right, or center
alignment.
▪ Valign: cell data can have top, middle, or bottom
alignment.
▪ Width: you can specify the width as an absolute number
of pixels or a percentage of the document width. ▪ Height:
You can specify the height as an absolute number of
pixels or a percentage of the document height. 73
<TABLE BORDER=1 width=50%>
<CAPTION> <h1>Spare Parts <h1> </Caption>
<TR><TH>Stock
Number</TH><TH>Description</TH><TH>List
Price</TH></TR>
<TR><TD bgcolor=red>3476-AB</TD><TD>76mm
Socket</TD><TD>45.00</TD></TR>
<TR><TD >3478-AB</TD><TD><font color=blue>78mm
Socket</font> </TD><TD>47.50</TD></TR>
<TR><TD>3480-AB</TD><TD>80mm
Socket</TD><TD>50.00</TD></TR> </TABLE>
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<Table border=1 cellpadding =2>
<tr> <th> Column 1 Header</th> <th> Column 2
Header</th> </tr>
<tr> <td colspan=2> Row 1 Col 1</td>
</tr> <tr> <td rowspan=2>Row 2 Col
1</td>
<td> Row 2 Col2</td> </tr>
<tr> <td> Row 3 Col2</td> </tr>
</table>
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Column 1 Header Column 2 Header Row 1 Col 1
Row 2 Col 1Row 2 Col 2
Row 3 Col 2
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TH, TD and TR should always have end tags.
Although the end tags are formally optional, many browsers will
mess up the formatting of the table if you omit the end tags. In
particular, you should always use end tags if you have a TABLE
within a TABLE -- in this situation, the table parser gets
hopelessly confused if you don't close your TH, TD and TR
elements.
A default TABLE has no borders
By default, tables are drawn without border lines. You need the
BORDER attribute to draw the lines.
By default, a table is flush with the left margin
TABLEs are plopped over on the left margin. If you want
centered tables, You can either: place the table inside a DIV
element with attribute ALIGN="center".
Most current browsers also supports table alignment, using the
ALIGN attribute. Allowed values are "left", "right", or "center",
for example: <TABLE ALIGN="left">. The values "left" and "right"
float the table to the left or right of the page, with text flow
allowed around the table. This is entirely equivalent to IMG
alignment
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<TABLE BORDER width=“750”>
<TR> <TD colspan=“4” align=“center”>Page
Banner</TD></TR>
<TR> <TD rowspan=“2” width=“25%”>Nav Links</TD><TD
colspan=“2”>Feature Article</TD> <TD rowspan=“2”
width=“25%”>Linked Ads</TD></TR>
<TR><TD width=“25%”>News Column 1 </TD> <TD
width=“25%”><News Column 2 </TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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▪ Frames
are a relatively new addition to the
HTML standard. First introduced in Netscape
Navigator 2.0.
Objectives:
Upon completing this section, you should be able
to: ▪ Create a Frame based page.
▪ Work with the Frameset, Frame, and Noframes
elements.
▪ Use the attributes of the Frames elements to
control the display.
▪ Set Targets appropriately.
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