Questions
1) What is bandwidth, and how is it typically measured?
- Bandwidth is the capacity of a medium to carry data, measured in bits
per second (bps), such as (Kbps),(Mbps), ….
2) What are the three key terms used to measure the quality of
bandwidth?
• Latency: the amount of time, including delays, for data to travel
from one point to another.
• Throughput: is the measure of the transfer of bits across the media
over a given period of time.
• Goodput: the measure of usable data transferred over a given period
of time.
5) What is goodput, and how does it relate to throughput?
- Goodput is the measure of usable data transferred over a network,
excluding overhead like session establishment and error correction. It is
always lower than throughput.
6) What is signal attenuation, and how does it affect copper
cabling?
- Signal attenuation refers to the deterioration of a signal as it travels
over a distance.
In Copper cabling the further a signal travels, the more it weakens.
7) Why is copper cabling widely used in networks despite its
limitations?
a. Inexpensive
b. easy to install
c. offers low resistance to electrical current
8) How does signal attenuation affect copper cables?
- Signal attenuation causes the signal strength to deteriorate as it travels
further, leading to possible loss of data integrity over long distances.
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10) What is the difference between UTP and STP cabling?
- UTP does not have additional shielding, making it less resistant to
interference. STP, includes shielding to counteract EMI and crosstalk,
but it is more expensive and harder to install.
11) What is one of the key advantages of fiber-optic cables over
copper cables?
- Fiber-optic cables have lower signal attenuation and are immune to EMI
and RFI, allowing for higher bandwidth and longer transmission
distances.
12) What are some limitations of wireless media?
a) limited coverage area
b) interference from other devices
c) security risks, and reduced bandwidth in shared environments.
13) List the common wireless standards.
d) Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11),
e) Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15),
f) WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
g) Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4).
14) For n devices in a network, what is the number of cable links
required for a mesh, Ring, point-To-Point, and star topology?
• Mesh: n (n – 1) / 2
• Star: n
• Ring: n – 1
• Bus: one backbone
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2) What the difference between full and half duplex
communication?
Full Duplex: Half Duplex:
1. Two-way traffic 1. One-way traffic
2. Not a shared media 2. Necessary on shared media.
3. Dedicated Switch connection 3. use shared media connections,
such as hubs
4. A device can transmit and
4. Only one device can transmit at
receive at the same time.
a time.
5. No Collisions
5. Collisions occur
MCQ-Questions
1. What is the name of the network topology in which there are bi-
directional links between each possible node?
A) Ring
B) Star
C) Mesh
D) Point To Point
Answer: C
2. Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting bandwidth?
A) Physical media properties
B) Throughput
C) Signal strength
D) Attenuation
Answer: B
3. What is the main function of the Physical Layer in the OSI model?
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A) Routing packets between networks
B) Establishing physical connections and transmitting raw data
C) Managing encryption of data
D) Ensuring end-to-end delivery of messages
Answer: B
4. Which type of interference is most likely to affect copper cables?
A) Electromagnetic interference (EMI)
B) Latency
C) Dispersion
D) Packet loss
Answer: A
5. What is the main reason for signal attenuation in copper cables?
A) Distance
B) Bandwidth
C) Speed
D) EMI interference
Answer: A
6. Which of the following provides the best protection against
interference?
A) Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP)
B) Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)
C) Coaxial Cable
D) Optical Fiber
Answer: B
7. Which copper cable type uses a central conductor surrounded by
insulation and shielding?
A) UTP
B) STP
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C) Coaxial
D) Fiber-Optic
Answer: C
8. What is the main use of Unshielded Twisted-Pair (UTP) cables in
modern networks?
A) Long-distance transmission
B) Local Area Networks (LANs)
C) Submarine cables
D) Wireless access points
Answer: B
9. What is the key advantage of fiber-optic cables over copper
cables?
A) Lower cost
B) Higher resistance to electromagnetic interference (EMI)
C) Easier installation
D) Supports slower data transmission rates)
Answer: B
10. Which type of fiber-optic cable is used for long-distance
communication?
A) Multimode Fiber (MMF)
B) Shielded Twisted-Pair (STP)
C) Single-Mode Fiber (SMF)
D) Coaxial Cable
Answer: C
11. Which type of fiber-optic cable supports shorter distances and
is commonly used in LANs?
A) Single-Mode Fiber (SMF)
B) Multimode Fiber (MMF)
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C) Coaxial Cable
D) UTP Cable
Answer: B
12. Which wireless standard is commonly used for personal area
networks (PANs)?
A) Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11)
B) WiMAX (IEEE 802.16)
C) Bluetooth (IEEE 802.15)
D) Zigbee (IEEE 802.15.4)
Answer: C
13. What is a limitation of wireless media as mentioned in the
slides?
A) It is immune to interference
B) It provides a secure transmission by default
C) Coverage area may be affected by physical obstacles
D) Wireless communication requires a physical cable
Answer: C
14. What does the term "shared medium" in wireless networks
refer to?
A) Multiple users using the same bandwidth
B) A network with high security
C) Only one user can access the network
D) Using fiber and copper media in the same network
Answer: A
15. Which wireless standard is used for long-distance broadband
communication?
A) Wi-Fi
B) Bluetooth
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C) Zigbee
D) WiMAX
Answer: D
16. Which of the following describes a star topology?
A) Devices connected in a circular loop
B) Devices connected to a central hub
C) Each device connected directly to every other device
D) Devices connected in a linear fashion
Answer: B
17. What type of topology provides the highest availability by
connecting each node to every other node?
A) Star topology
B) Point-to-Point topology
C) Mesh topology
D) Bus topology
Answer: C
18. Which topology involves connecting two network nodes
directly, without any intermediary device?
A) Star
B) Point-to-Point
C) Mesh
D) Ring
Answer: B
19. What is the purpose of a logical topology in networking?
A) To describe how network devices are physically connected
B) To define how data flows between devices
C) To describe the hardware used in the network
D) To identify the number of nodes in the network
Answer: B
20. What is the primary limitation of half-duplex communication?
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A) It allows simultaneous transmission and reception
B) Only one device can transmit at a time
C) It requires full-duplex hardware
D) Data collisions never occur
Answer: B
21. Which of the following is a characteristic of full-duplex
communication?
A) One-way communication
B) Shared media
C) No collisions
D) Only one device can transmit at a time
Answer: C