1 Abad ANA, Nouri MHK, Tavakkoli F (2011) Effect of Salvia officinalis Hydroalcoholic Extract

2 on Vincristine-induced Neuropathy in Mice. Chin J Nat Med 9:354–358.

3 [Link]
4 Abad MJ, Bedoya LM, Apaza L, Bermejo P (2012) The Artemisia L. Genus: A Review of
5 Bioactive Essential Oils. Mol 2012, Vol 17, Pages 2542-2566 17:2542–2566.
6 [Link]
7 Abadian K, Keshavarz Z, Mojab F, et al (2016) Comparison the effect of mefenamic acid and
8 Teucrium polium on the severity and systemic symptoms of dysmenorrhea. Complement
9 Ther Clin Pract 22:12–15. [Link]
10 Abdel-Lateef E, Mahmoud F, Hammam O, et al (2016) Bioactive chemical constituents of
11 Curcuma longa L. rhizomes extract inhibit the growth of human hepatoma cell line
12 (HepG2). Acta Pharm 66:387–398. [Link]
13 Agarwal M, Kamal R (2013) In Vitro Clonal Propagation and Phytochemical Analysis of
14 Momordica charantia .Linn. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2:
15 Agyare C, Boakye YD, Bekoe EO, et al (2016) Review: African medicinal plants with wound
16 healing properties. J Ethnopharmacol 177:85–100.
17 [Link]
18 Ahlawat KS, Khatkar BS (2011) Processing, food applications and safety of aloe vera products: a
19 review. J Food Sci Technol 48:525–533. [Link]
20 Ahlemeyer B, Krieglstein J (2003) Neuroprotective effects of Ginkgo biloba extract. Cell Mol
21 Life Sci 60:1779–1792. [Link]
22 Ahmad AH, Zakaria R (2015) Pain in Times of Stress. Malays J Med Sci 22:52
23 Ahmad M, Zafar M, Shahzadi N, et al (2018) Ethnobotanical importance of medicinal plants
24 traded in Herbal markets of Rawalpindi- Pakistan. J Herb Med 11:78–89.
25 [Link]
26 Ak T, Gülçin I (2008) Antioxidant and radical scavenging properties of curcumin. Chem Biol
27 Interact 174:27–37. [Link]
28 Akash MSH, Rehman K, Chen S (2014) Spice plant Allium cepa: Dietary supplement for
29 treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Nutrition 30:1128–1137.
30 [Link]
31 Akbar S (2020) Handbook of 200 medicinal plants: A comprehensive review of their traditional
32 medical uses and scientific justifications. Springer
33 Akbik D, Ghadiri M, Chrzanowski W, Rohanizadeh R (2014) Curcumin as a wound healing
34 agent. Life Sci 116:1–7. [Link]
35 Akbulut, Ercisli S, Tosun M (2009) Physico-chemical characteristics of some wild grown
36 European elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) genotypes. Pharmacogn Mag 5:323.

1
37 [Link]
38 Akhtar N, Miller MJS, Haqqi TM (2011) Effect of a Herbal-Leucine mix on the IL-1$β$-induced
39 cartilage degradation and inflammatory gene expression in human chondrocytes. BMC
40 Complement Altern Med 11:66. [Link]
41 Al-Reza SM, Rahman A, Sattar MA, et al (2010) Essential oil composition and antioxidant
42 activities of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. Food Chem Toxicol 48:1757–1760.
43 [Link]
44 Alavi A, Kirsner RS (2015) Hemoglobinopathies and Leg Ulcers. Int J Low Extrem Wounds
45 14:213–216. [Link]
46 Alavizadeh SH, Hosseinzadeh H (2014) Bioactivity assessment and toxicity of crocin: A
47 comprehensive review. Food Chem Toxicol 64:65–80.
48 [Link]
49 Alex ID, Pancu AG, Moroşanu AI, et al (2014) The impact of self-medication with nsaids /
50 analgesics in a north-eastern region of romania. Farmacia 62:1164–1170
51 Alhakmani F, Kumar S, Khan SA (2013) Estimation of total phenolic content, in–vitro
52 antioxidant and anti–inflammatory activity of flowers of Moringa oleifera. Asian Pac J Trop
53 Biomed 3:623–627. [Link]
54 Ali P, Chen YF, Sargsyan E (2014) Bioactive Molecules of Herbal Extracts with Anti-Infective
55 and Wound Healing Properties. Microbiol Surg Infect 205–220.
56 [Link]
57 Alipour Z, Asadizaker M, Fayazi S, et al (2017) The Effect of Ginger on Pain and Satisfaction of
58 Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis. Jundishapur J Chronic Dis Care 6:.
59 [Link]
60 Allen KD, Golightly YM (2015) Epidemiology of osteoarthritis: state of the evidence. Curr Opin
61 Rheumatol 27:283. [Link]
62 Alonso-Castro AJ, Zapata-Morales JR, Arana-Argáez V, et al (2018) Pharmacological and
63 toxicological study of a chemical-standardized ethanol extract of the branches and leaves
64 from Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg. (Fabaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 224:314–322.
65 [Link]
66 Alonso-Castro AJ, Zapata-Morales JR, Ruiz-Padilla AJ, et al (2017) Use of medicinal plants by
67 health professionals in Mexico. J Ethnopharmacol 198:81–86.
68 [Link]
69 Altman RD, Marcussen KC (2001) Effects of a Ginger Extract on Knee Pain in Patients With
70 Osteoarthritis. ARTHRITIS Rheum 44:2531–2538. [Link]
71 Amin B, Abnous K, Motamedshariaty V, Hosseinzadesh H (2014a) Attenuation of oxidative
72 stress, inflammation and apoptosis by ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Crocus sativusL.
73 stigma after chronic constriction injury of rats. An Acad Bras Cienc 86:1821–1832.

2
 74 [Link]
75 Amin B, Hajhashemi V, Hosseinzadeh H (2015) Minocycline potentiates the anti-hyperalgesic
76 effect of ceftriaxone in CCI-induced neuropathic pain in rats. Res Pharm Sci 10:42
77 Amin B, Hosseini S, Hosseinzadeh H (2017a) Enhancement of Antinociceptive Effect by Co-
78 administration of Amitriptyline and Crocus Sativus in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain.
79 Iran J Pharm Res 16:200
80 Amin B, Hosseinzadeh H (2012) Evaluation of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of saffron, Crocus
81 sativus L., and its constituents, safranal and crocin in allodynia and hyperalgesia induced by
82 chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain in rats. Fitoterapia 83:888–895.
83 [Link]
84 Amin B, Hosseinzadeh H (2015) Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Crocus sativus L.
85 (Saffron). Bioact Nutraceuticals Diet Suppl Neurol Brain Dis Prev Ther 319–324.
86 [Link]
87 Amin B, Taheri MMH, Hosseinzadeh H (2014b) Effects of Intraperitoneal Thymoquinone on
88 Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Rats. Planta Med 80:1269–1277. [Link]
89 0034-1383062
90 Amin MA, Fox DA, Ruth JH (2017b) Synovial cellular and molecular markers in rheumatoid
91 arthritis. Semin Immunopathol 39:385–393. [Link]
92 Ammon HPT (2006) Boswellic acids in chronic inflammatory diseases. Planta Med 72:1100–
93 1116. [Link]
94 Ammon HPT (2010) Modulation of the immune system by Boswellia serrata extracts and
95 boswellic acids. Phytomedicine 17:862–867.
96 [Link]
97 Amsterdam JD, Li Y, Soeller I, et al (2009) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
98 of oral Matricaria recutita (chamomile) extract therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J
99 Clin Psychopharmacol 29:378–382. [Link]
100 Amutha K, Selvakumari U (2016) Wound healing activity of methanolic stem extract of Musa
101 paradisiaca Linn. (Banana) in Wistar albino rats. Int Wound J 13:763–767.
102 [Link]
103 Amzad Hossain M, Hitam S, Hadidja Ibrahim Ahmed S (2020) Pharmacological and
104 toxicological activities of the extracts of papaya leaves used traditionally for the treatment
105 of diarrhea. J King Saud Univ - Sci 32:962–969.
106 [Link]
107 Antonaci F, Ghiotto N, Wu S, et al (2016) Recent advances in migraine therapy. Springerplus
108 5:1–14. [Link]
109 Apkarian A V, Hashmi JA, Baliki MN (2011) Pain and the brain: Specificity and plasticity of the
110 brain in clinical chronic pain. Pain 152:S64. [Link]

3
111 Araújo C, Leon LL (2001) Biological Activities of Curcuma longa L. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz
112 96:723–728
113 Arendt-Nielsen L, Nie H, Laursen MB, et al (2010) Sensitization in patients with painful knee
114 osteoarthritis. Pain 149:573–581. [Link]
115 Arksey H, O’Malley L (2007) Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. Int J Soc
116 Res Methodol 8:19–32. [Link]
117 Arulmozhi S, Mazumder PM, Narayanan LS, Thakurdesai PA (2010) In vitro antioxidant and
118 free radical scavenging activity of fractions from Alstonia scholaris Linn. [Link]. Int J
119 PharmaTech Res 2:18–25
120 Arya AK, Tripathi K, Das P (2014) Promising role of angptl4 gene in diabetic wound healing.
121 Int J Low Extrem Wounds 13:58–63. [Link]
122 Ashraf K, Sultan S, Alam Campus P, et al (2018) A comprehensive review on Curcuma longa
123 Linn.: Phytochemical, pharmacological, and molecular study. Int J Green Pharm 11:671
124 Assiri AMA, Elbanna K, Abulreesh HH, Ramadan MF (2016) Bioactive Compounds of Cold-
125 pressed Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) Oil with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties. J
126 Oleo Sci 65:629–640. [Link]
127 Ataollahi M, Amir Ali Akbari S, Mojab F, Alavi Majd H (2014) The effect of wheat germ
128 extract on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. J Jahrom Univ Med Sci 12:57–62.
129 [Link]
130 Attah MO, Jacks T, Attah J, et al (2016) The Effect of Aloe vera (Linn) On Cutaneous Wound
131 Healing and Wound Contraction Rate in Adult Rabbits. Nov J Med Biol Sci 5:1–8.
132 [Link]
133 Attal N (2012) Neuropathic pain: Mechanisms, therapeutic approach, and interpretation of
134 clinical trials. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 18:161–175.
135 [Link]
136 Aviram A, Tsoukias NM, Melnick SJ, et al (2012) Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthesis in Mouse
137 Macrophage Cells by Feverfew Supercritical Extract. Phyther Res 26:541–545.
138 [Link]
139 Ayaz M, Junaid M, Ullah F, et al (2016) Molecularly characterized solvent extracts and saponins
140 from Polygonum hydropiper L. Show high anti-angiogenic, anti-tumor, brine shrimp, and
141 fibroblast NIH/3T3 cell line cytotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 7:.
142 [Link]
143 Badal DS, Dwivedi AK, Kumar V, et al (2019) Effect of organic manures and inorganic
144 fertilizers on growth, yield and its attributing traits in garlic (Allium sativum L.). J
145 Pharmacogn Phytochem 8:587–590
146 Badgujar SB, Patel V V, Bandivdekar AH (2014) Foeniculum vulgare Mill: A review of its
147 botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, contemporary application, and toxicology. Biomed

4
148 Res Int 2014:. [Link]
149 Bahmani M, Eftekhari Z (2012) An ethnoveterinary study of medicinal plants in treatment of
150 diseases and syndromes of herd dog in southern regions of Ilam province, Iran. Comp Clin
151 Path 22:403–407. [Link]
152 Bahmani M, Farkhondeh T, Sadighara P (2012) The anti-parasitic effects of Nicotina tabacum on
153 leeches. Comp Clin Path 21:357–359. [Link]
154 Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Majlesi M, et al (2014) A review study on analgesic applications of
155 Iranian medicinal plants. Asian Pac J Trop Med 7:S43--S53. [Link]
156 7645(14)60202-9
157 Bahmani M, Shirzad H, Mirhosseini M, et al (2015) A Review on Ethnobotanical and
158 Therapeutic Uses of Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L): J Evidence-Based Integr
159 Med 21:53–62. [Link]
160 Bahramikia S, Yazdanparast R (2012) Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties of Teucrium
161 polium L. (Lamiaceae). Phyther Res 26:1581–1593. [Link]
162 Bajgoric S, Boyd-Carson W, Day C, Rajagopalan S (2016) An often forgotten cause of chest
163 pain. BMJ 353:. [Link]
164 Bakirel T, Bakirel U, Keleş OÜ, et al (2008) In vivo assessment of antidiabetic and antioxidant
165 activities of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) in alloxan-diabetic rabbits. J
166 Ethnopharmacol 116:64–73. [Link]
167 Balakumbahan R, Rajamani K, Kumanan K (2010) Acorus calamus: An overview. J Med Plants
168 Res 4:2740–2745. [Link]
169 Bani S, Hasanpour S, Mousavi Z, et al (2014) The Effect of Rosa Damascena Extract on Primary
170 Dysmenorrhea: A Double-blind Cross-over Clinical Trial. Iran Red Crescent Med J 16:.
171 [Link]
172 Barbour KE, Boring M, Helmick CG, et al (2019) Prevalence of Severe Joint Pain Among
173 Adults with Doctor-Diagnosed Arthritis — United States, 2002–2014. MMWR Morb
174 Mortal Wkly Rep 65:1052–1056. [Link]
175 Baron EP (2015) Comprehensive Review of Medicinal Marijuana, Cannabinoids, and
176 Therapeutic Implications in Medicine and Headache: What a Long Strange Trip It’s Been .
177 Headache J Head Face Pain 55:885–916. [Link]
178 Barua CC, Talukdar A, Begum SA, et al (2012) Effect of Alternanthera brasiliana (L) Kuntze on
179 healing of dermal burn wound . Indian J Exp Biol 50:56–60
180 Basch E, Gabardi S, Ulbricht C (2003) Bitter melon (Momordica charantia): A review of
181 efficacy and safety. Am J Heal Pharm 60:356–359. [Link]
182 Batko B, Korkosz M, Jus A, Wiland P (2019) Management of rheumatoid arthritis in Poland -
183 where daily practice might not always meet evidence-based guidelines. Arch Med Sci

5
184 17:1286–1293. [Link]
185 Battista N, Di Tommaso M, Bari M, Maccarrone M (2012) The endocannabinoid system: an
186 overview. Front Behav Neurosci 0:9. [Link]
187 Behura S, Srivastava VK (2011) Essential Oils of Leaves of Curcuma Species. J Essent Oil Res
188 16:109–110. [Link]
189 Belcaro G, Feragalli B, Cornelli U, Dugall M (2015) Hand “stress” arthritis in young subjects:
190 effects of Flexiqule (pharma-standard Boswellia extract). A preliminary case report.
191 Minerva Gastroenterol Dietol
192 Benedek B, Kopp B, Melzig MF (2007) Achillea millefolium L. s.l. – Is the anti-inflammatory
193 activity mediated by protease inhibition? J Ethnopharmacol 113:312–317.
194 [Link]
195 Benedek B, Rothwangl-Wiltschnigg K, Rozema E, et al (2008) Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.
196 sl): pharmaceutical quality of commercial samples. [Link] 63:23–26.
197 [Link]
198 Benemei S, Fusi C, Trevisan G, Geppetti P (2014) The TRPA1 channel in migraine mechanism
199 and treatment. Br J Pharmacol 171:2552–2567. [Link]
200 Benemei S, Logu F De, Puma SL, et al (2017) The anti-migraine component of butterbur
201 extracts, isopetasin, desensitizes peptidergic nociceptors by acting on TRPA1 cation
202 channel. Br J Pharmacol 174:2897–2911. [Link]
203 Benincá JP, Dalmarco JB, Pizzolatti MG, Fröde TS (2011) Analysis of the anti-inflammatory
204 properties of Rosmarinus officinalis L. in mice. Food Chem 124:468–475.
205 [Link]
206 Bent S (2008) Herbal Medicine in the United States: Review of Efficacy, Safety, and Regulation:
207 Grand Rounds at University of California, San Francisco Medical Center. J Gen Intern Med
208 23:854. [Link]
209 Bernardi M, Lazzeri L, Perelli F, et al (2017) Dysmenorrhea and related disorders.
210 F1000Research 6:. [Link]
211 Bhakta D, Ganjewala D (2009) Effect of Leaf Positions on Total Phenolics, Flavonoids and
212 Proanthocyanidins Content and Antioxidant Activities in Lantana Camara (L). J Sci Res
213 1:363–369. [Link]
214 Bhaskar A, Nithya V (2012) Evaluation of the wound-healing activity of Hibiscus rosa sinensis
215 L (Malvaceae) in Wistar albino rats. Indian J Pharmacol 44:694–698.
216 [Link]
217 Bhattacharya S, Christensen KB, Olsen LCB, et al (2013) Bioactive Components from Flowers
218 of Sambucus nigra L. Increase Glucose Uptake in Primary Porcine Myotube Cultures and
219 Reduce Fat Accumulation in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Agric Food Chem 61:11033–11040.
220 [Link]

6
221 Biegert C, Wagner I, Lüdtke R, et al (2004) Efficacy and safety of willow bark extract in the
222 treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis: results of 2 randomized double-blind
223 controlled trials. J Rheumatol 31:
224 Bier JD, Kamper SJ, Verhagen AP, et al (2017) Patient Nonadherence to Guideline-
225 Recommended Care in Acute Low Back Pain. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 98:2416–2421.
226 [Link]
227 Bigal ME, Serrano D, Buse D, et al (2008) Acute Migraine Medications and Evolution From
228 Episodic to Chronic Migraine: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study. Headache J Head
229 Face Pain 48:1157–1168. [Link]
230 Black CD, Herring MP, Hurley DJ, O’Connor PJ (2010) Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Reduces
231 Muscle Pain Caused by Eccentric Exercise. J Pain 11:894–903.
232 [Link]
233 Blain EJ, Ali AY, Duance VC (2010) Boswellia frereana (frankincense) suppresses cytokine-
234 induced matrix metalloproteinase expression and production of pro-inflammatory molecules
235 in articular cartilage. Phyther Res 24:905–912. [Link]
236 Blumenthal M (1998) Therapeutic guide to herbal medicines. American Botanical Council
237 Bokaie M, Farajkhoda T, Enjezab B, et al (2013) Oral fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) drop effect
238 on primary dysmenorrhea: Effectiveness of herbal drug. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 18:132
239 Bonaterra GA, Heinrich EU, Kelber O, et al (2010) Anti-inflammatory effects of the willow bark
240 extract STW 33-I (Proaktiv®) in LPS-activated human monocytes and differentiated
241 macrophages. Phytomedicine 17:1106–1113.
242 [Link]
243 Bone K, Mills S (2013) Principles and Practice of Phytotherapy: Modern Herbal Medicine , First
244 edit. Elsevier, Edinburgh
245 Booz GW (2011) Cannabidiol as an emergent therapeutic strategy for lessening the impact of
246 inflammation on oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 51:1054–1061.
247 [Link]
248 Borrás-Linares I, Stojanović Z, Quirantes-Piné R, et al (2014) Rosmarinus Officinalis Leaves as
249 a Natural Source of Bioactive Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 15:20585–20606.
250 [Link]
251 Boskabady MH, Eftekhar N, Kaveh M (2013) Possible Mechanism(s) of the Relaxant Effects of
252 Achillea wilhelmsii on Guinea-Pig Tracheal Chains. Iran J Pharm Res 12:387
253 Boskabady MH, Shafei MN, Saberi Z, Amini S (2011) Pharmacological Effects of Rosa
254 Damascena. Iran J Basic Med Sci 14:295–307
255 Bouba AA, Njintang NY, Nkouam GB, et al (2014) Desorption isotherms, net isosteric heat and
256 the effect of temperature and water activity on the antioxidant activity of two varieties of
257 onion (Allium cepa L). Int J Food Sci Technol 49:444–452.

7
258 [Link]
259 Brandolini A, Hidalgo A (2012) Wheat germ: not only a by-product. Int J Food Sci Nutr 63:71–
260 74. [Link]
261 Buckwalter JA, Saltzman C, Brown T (2004) The impact of osteoarthritis: Implications for
262 research. Clin Orthop Relat Res 427:.
263 [Link]
264 Budai MM, Varga A, Milesz S, et al (2013) Aloe vera downregulates LPS-induced inflammatory
265 cytokine production and expression of NLRP3 inflammasome in human macrophages. Mol
266 Immunol 56:471–479. [Link]
267 Budovsky A, Yarmolinsky L, Ben-Shabat S (2015) Effect of medicinal plants on wound healing.
268 Wound Repair Regen 23:171–183. [Link]
269 Bulletin Of Biosciences G (2011) Recent advances on the pharmacological profile of Butea
270 monosperma
271 Burch R, Rizzoli P, Loder E (2018) The Prevalence and Impact of Migraine and Severe
272 Headache in the United States: Figures and Trends From Government Health Studies.
273 Headache J Head Face Pain 58:496–505. [Link]
274 Burman RA, Zakariassen E, Hunskaar S (2011) Acute chest pain - A prospective population
275 based study of contacts to Norwegian emergency medical communication centres. BMC
276 Emerg Med 11:1–8. [Link]
277 Burnett M, Lemyre M (2017) No. 345-Primary Dysmenorrhea Consensus Guideline. J Obstet
278 Gynaecol Canada 39:585–595. [Link]
279 Burstein R, Noseda R, Borsook D (2015) Migraine: Multiple Processes, Complex
280 Pathophysiology. J Neurosci 35:6619–6629. [Link]
281 15.2015
282 Buse DC, Greisman JD, Baigi K, Lipton RB (2019) Migraine Progression: A Systematic
283 Review. Headache J Head Face Pain 59:306–338. [Link]
284 Bussmann RW, Paniagua Zambrana NY, Romero C, Hart RE (2018) Astonishing diversity—the
285 medicinal plant markets of Bogotá, Colombia. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 14:1–47.
286 [Link]
287 Bylka W, Znajdek-Awiżeń P, Studzińska-Sroka E, et al (2014) Centella asiatica in Dermatology:
288 An Overview. Phyther Res 28:1117–1124. [Link]
289 Bylka W, Znajdek-Awiżeń P, Studzińska-Sroka E, Brzezińska M (2013) Centella asiatica in
290 cosmetology. Adv Dermatology Allergol Dermatologii I Alergol 30:46.
291 [Link]
292 C W, B M, B S (2017) Cardiac causes of chest pain. Internist (Berl) 58:8–21.
293 [Link]

8
294 Cabral VP, Andrade CAF, Passos SRL, et al (2016) Severe infection in patients with rheumatoid
295 arthritis taking anakinra, rituximab, or abatacept: a systematic review of observational
296 studies. Rev Bras Reumatol 56:543–550. [Link]
297 Caley MP, Martins VLC, O’Toole EA (2015) Metalloproteinases and Wound Healing. Adv
298 Wound Care 4:225–234. [Link]
299 Calvo-Muñoz I, Gómez-Conesa A, Sánchez-Meca J (2013) Prevalence of low back pain in
300 children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 13:1–12.
301 [Link]
302 Cao W, Li XQ, Zhang XN, et al (2010) Madecassoside suppresses LPS-induced TNF-α
303 production in cardiomyocytes through inhibition of ERK, p38, and NF-κB activity. Int
304 Immunopharmacol 10:723–729. [Link]
305 Carey TS, Garrett J, Jackman A, et al (2009) The Outcomes and Costs of Care for Acute Low
306 Back Pain among Patients Seen by Primary Care Practitioners, Chiropractors, and
307 Orthopedic Surgeons. N Engl J Med 333:913–917.
308 [Link]
309 Carter GT, Duong V, Ho S, et al (2014) Side effects of commonly prescribed analgesic
310 medications. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 25:457–470.
311 [Link]
312 Cayley WE (2005) Diagnosing the Cause of Chest Pain. Am Fam Physician 72:2012–2021
313 Chainani-Wu N (2003) Safety and anti-inflammatory activity of curcumin: a component of
314 tumeric (Curcuma longa). J Altern Complement Med 9:161–168.
315 [Link]
316 Chan SSK, Jones RL, Lin G (2009) Synergistic interaction between the Ligusticum chuanxiong
317 constituent butylidenephthalide and the nitric oxide donor sodium nitroprusside in relaxing
318 rat isolated aorta. J Ethnopharmacol 122:308–312.
319 [Link]
320 Chandran PK, Kuttan R (2008) Effect of Calendula officinalis Flower Extract on Acute Phase
321 Proteins, Antioxidant Defense Mechanism and Granuloma Formation During Thermal
322 Burns. J Clin Biochem Nutr 43:58–64. [Link]
323 Chandrika UG, Prasad Kumara PAAS (2015) Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica): Nutritional
324 Properties and Plausible Health Benefits. Adv Food Nutr Res 76:125–157.
325 [Link]
326 Chantre P, Cappelaere A, Leblan D, et al (2000) Efficacy and tolerance of Harpagophytum
327 procumbens versus diacerhein in treatment of osteoarthritis. Phytomedicine 7:177–183.
328 [Link]
329 Chaplin S (2019) Erenumab: a monoclonal antibody for migraine prophylaxis. Prescriber 30:38–
330 39. [Link]

9
331 Charles A (2013) The Evolution of a Migraine Attack – A Review of Recent Evidence.
332 Headache J Head Face Pain 53:413–419. [Link]
333 Charles A, Hansen JM (2015) Migraine aura: New ideas about cause, classification, and clinical
334 significance. Curr Opin Neurol 28:255–260.
335 [Link]
336 Chasen MH, Charnsangavej C (1998) Venous chest anatomy: clinical implications. Eur J Radiol
337 27:2–14. [Link]
338 Chaurasia S (2009) Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Activity of Strychnos nux vomica Linn.
339 Am J Sustain Agric 3:244–252
340 Cheenpracha S, Park EJ, Yoshida WY, et al (2010) Potential anti-inflammatory phenolic
341 glycosides from the medicinal plant Moringa oleifera fruits. Bioorg Med Chem 18:6598–
342 6602. [Link]
343 Chen CX, Barrett B, Kwekkeboom KL (2016) Efficacy of Oral Ginger (Zingiber officinale) for
344 Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Evidence-based Complement
345 Altern Med 2016:. [Link]
346 Chen JJ, Tsai CS, Hwang TL, et al (2010) Sesquiterpenes from the rhizome of Curcuma longa
347 with inhibitory activity on superoxide generation and elastase release by neutrophils. Food
348 Chem 119:974–980. [Link]
349 Cherney JH, Small E (2016) Industrial Hemp in North America: Production, Politics and
350 Potential. Agronomy 6:58. [Link]
351 Choi MS, Kim JK, Kim DH, Yoo HH (2019) Effects of Gut Microbiota on the Bioavailability of
352 Bioactive Compounds from Ginkgo Leaf Extracts. Metab 2019, Vol 9, Page 132 9:132.
353 [Link]
354 Christensen LP, Kaack K, Fretté XC (2007) Selection of elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.)
355 genotypes best suited for the preparation of elderflower extracts rich in flavonoids and
356 phenolic acids. Eur Food Res Technol 227:293–305. [Link]
357 0723-8
358 Chrubasik S, Eisenberg E, Balan E, et al (2000) Treatment of low back pain exacerbations with
359 willow bark extract: a randomized double-blind study. Am J Med 109:9–14.
360 [Link]
361 Chrubasik S, Thanner J, Künzel O, et al (2002) Comparison of outcome measures during
362 treatment with the proprietary Harpagophytum extract Doloteffin®in patients with pain in
363 the lower back, knee or hip. Phytomedicine 9:181–194. [Link]
364 00140
365 Chun J, Choi RJ, Khan S, et al (2012) Alantolactone suppresses inducible nitric oxide synthase
366 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression by down-regulating NF-κB, MAPK and AP-1 via the
367 MyD88 signaling pathway in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells. Int Immunopharmacol
368 14:375–383. [Link]

10
369 Clark AR, Dean JLE (2012) The p38 MAPK pathway in rheumatoid arthritis: A sideways look.
370 Open Rheumatol J 6:219. [Link]
371 Cohen SP, Vase L, Hooten WM (2021) Chronic pain: an update on burden, best practices, and
372 new advances. Lancet (London, England) 397:2082–2097. [Link]
373 6736(21)00393-7
374 Cojocaru M, Cojocaru IM, Silosi I, et al (2010) Extra-articular manifestations in rheumatoid
375 arthritis. Maedica (Buchar) 5:291
376 Colloca L, Ludman T, Bouhassira D, et al (2017) Neuropathic pain. Nat Rev Dis Prim 3:1–19.
377 [Link]
378 Comelli F, Bettoni I, Colleoni M, et al (2009) Beneficial effects of a Cannabis sativa extract
379 treatment on diabetes-induced neuropathy and oxidative stress. Phyther Res 23:1678–1684.
380 [Link]
381 Comelli F, Giagnoni G, Bettoni I, et al (2008) Antihyperalgesic effect of a Cannabis sativa
382 extract in a rat model of neuropathic pain: mechanisms involved. Phyther Res 22:1017–
383 1024. [Link]
384 Corroon J, Felice J (2019) The Endocannabinoid System and its Modulation by Cannabidiol
385 (CBD). Altern Ther Health Med 25:6–14
386 Corzo-Martínez M, Corzo N, Villamiel M (2007) Biological properties of onions and garlic.
387 Trends Food Sci Technol 18:609–625. [Link]
388 Costa B, Trovato AE, Comelli F, et al (2007) The non-psychoactive cannabis constituent
389 cannabidiol is an orally effective therapeutic agent in rat chronic inflammatory and
390 neuropathic pain. Eur J Pharmacol 556:75–83.
391 [Link]
392 Cross M, Smith E, Hoy D, et al (2014) The global burden of hip and knee osteoarthritis:
393 estimates from the global burden of disease 2010 study. Ann Rheum Dis 73:1323–1330.
394 [Link]
395 D’Andrea G, Bussone G, Allais G, et al (2009) Efficacy of Ginkgolide B in the prophylaxis of
396 migraine with aura. Neurol Sci 2009 301 30:121–124. [Link]
397 0074-2
398 Daily JW, Zhang X, Kim DS, Park S (2015) Efficacy of Ginger for Alleviating the Symptoms of
399 Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical
400 Trials. Pain Med 16:2243–2255. [Link]
401 das Virgens CMB, Jr LL, Noya-Rabelo M, et al (2017) Accuracy of gestalt perception of acute
402 chest pain in predicting coronary artery disease. World J Cardiol 9:241–247.
403 [Link]
404 Dash GK, Abdullah MS, Dash M Pharm GK, Sc D (2013) A REVIEW ON HELIOTROPIUM
405 INDICUM L. (BORAGINACEAE). Int J Pharm Sci Res 4:1253

11
406 Dash GK, Murthy PN (2011) Studies on Wound Healing Activity of Heliotropium indicum
407 Linn. Leaves on Rats . Int Sch Res Not 2011:1–8. [Link]
408 De Smet PAGM, Keller K, Hänsel R, Chandler RF (1997) Adverse Effects of Herbal Drugs . s.
409 n.
410 Delgoda R, Westlake ACG (2004) Herbal interactions involving cytochrome p450 enzymes: a
411 mini review. Toxicol Rev 23:239–249. [Link]
412 Dey D, Chaskar S, Athavale N, Chitre D (2014) Inhibition of LPS-induced TNF-$α$ and NO
413 production in mouse macrophage and inflammatory response in rat animal models by a
414 novel Ayurvedic formulation, BV-9238. Phyther Res 28:1479–1485.
415 [Link]
416 Dinda M, Mazumdar S, Das S, et al (2016) The Water Fraction of Calendula officinalis
417 Hydroethanol Extract Stimulates In Vitro and In Vivo Proliferation of Dermal Fibroblasts in
418 Wound Healing. Phyther Res 30:1696–1707. [Link]
419 Ding L, Heying E, Nicholson N, et al (2010) Mechanical impact induces cartilage degradation
420 via mitogen activated protein kinases. Osteoarthr Cartil 18:1509–1517.
421 [Link]
422 Divis P, Porizka J, Vespalcova M, et al (2015) Elemental composition of fruits from different
423 Black elder (Sambucus nigra L.) cultivars grown in the Czech Republic. J Elem 20:549–557
424 Diwane, Patil R, Vyavahare P, Bhambar R (2015) Protective effect of Rubia cordifolia in
425 paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain in experimental animals. Indian J Pain 29:154.
426 [Link]
427 Dixit S, Awasthi P (2009) Chemical composition of Curcuma Longa leaves and rhizome oil
428 from the plains of Northern India. J Young Pharm 1:312. [Link]
429 1483.59319
430 Domínguez-Rodríguez V, González-Hernández A (2011) Remedies for Headaches in A Closet
431 for Ladies and Gentlewomen (1608). Headache J Head Face Pain 51:632–636.
432 [Link]
433 Dowell D, Ragan KR, Jones CM, et al (2022) CDC Clinical Practice Guideline for Prescribing
434 Opioids for Pain - United States, 2022. MMWR Recomm reports Morb Mortal Wkly report
435 Recomm reports 71:1–95. [Link]
436 Drozdov VN, Kim VA, Tkachenko E V, Varvanina GG (2012) Influence of a specific ginger
437 combination on gastropathy conditions in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. J
438 Altern Complement Med 18:583–588. [Link]
439 Drummond EM, Harbourne N, Marete E, et al (2013) Inhibition of Proinflammatory Biomarkers
440 in THP1 Macrophages by Polyphenols Derived From Chamomile, Meadowsweet and
441 Willow bark. Phyther Res 27:588–594. [Link]
442 Dulf FV, Oroian I, Vodnar DC, et al (2013) Lipid Classes and Fatty Acid Regiodistribution in

12
443 Triacylglycerols of Seed Oils of Two Sambucus Species (S. nigra L. and S. ebulus L.).
444 Molecules 18:11768–11782. [Link]
445 Durham P, Papapetropoulos S (2013) Biomarkers Associated With Migraine and Their Potential
446 Role in Migraine Management. Headache J Head Face Pain 53:1262–1277.
447 [Link]
448 Edmonds K (ed) (2012) Dewhurst’s Textbook of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Eighth Edi. John
449 Wiley & Sons
450 Ekambaram S, Perumal SS, Subramanian V (2010) Evaluation of antiarthritic activity of
451 Strychnos potatorum Linn seeds in Freund’s adjuvant induced arthritic rat model. BMC
452 Complement Altern Med 10:. [Link]
453 Ekin Z (2005) Resurgence of Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Utilization: A Global View. J
454 Agron 4:83–87. [Link]
455 El Makawy AI, Ibrahim FM, Mabrouk DM, et al (2019) Effect of antiepileptic drug
456 (Topiramate) and cold pressed ginger oil on testicular genes expression, sexual hormones
457 and histopathological alterations in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 110:409–419.
458 [Link]
459 Eming SA, Martin P, Tomic-Canic M (2014) Wound repair and regeneration: Mechanisms,
460 signaling, and translation. Sci Transl Med 6:.
461 [Link]
462 Eriksen MK, Thomsen LL, Andersen I, et al (2016) Clinical Characteristics of 362 Patients with
463 Familial Migraine with Aura. Cephalalgia 24:564–575. [Link]
464 2982.2003.00718.X
465 Eshghi F, Hosseinimehr SJ, Rahmani N, et al (2010) Effects of Aloe vera Cream on
466 Posthemorrhoidectomy Pain and Wound Healing: Results of a Randomized, Blind, Placebo-
467 Control Study. J Altern Complement Med 16:647–650.
468 [Link]
469 Esimone CO, Nworu CS, Jackson CL (2008) Cutaneous wound healing activity of a herbal
470 ointment containing the leaf extract of Jatropha Curcas L. (Euphorbiaceae). Int J Appl Res
471 Nat Prod 1:1–4
472 Estrada-Soto S, Sánchez-Recillas A, Navarrete-Vázquez G, et al (2012) Relaxant effects of
473 Artemisia ludoviciana on isolated rat smooth muscle tissues. J Ethnopharmacol 139:513–
474 518. [Link]
475 Evers S, Áfra J, Frese A, et al (2009) EFNS guideline on the drug treatment of migraine –
476 revised report of an EFNS task force. Eur J Neurol 16:968–981.
477 [Link]
478 Fan GW, Gao XM, Wang H, et al (2009a) The anti-inflammatory activities of Tanshinone IIA,
479 an active component of TCM, are mediated by estrogen receptor activation and inhibition of
480 iNOS. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 113:275–280.

13
481 [Link]
482 Fan H, Li TF, Gong N, Wang YX (2016) Shanzhiside methylester, the principle effective iridoid
483 glycoside from the analgesic herb Lamiophlomis rotata, reduces neuropathic pain by
484 stimulating spinal microglial $β$-endorphin expression. Neuropharmacology 101:98–109.
485 [Link]
486 Fan L, Zhao HY, Xu M, et al (2009b) Qualitative evaluation and quantitative determination of 10
487 major active components in Carthamus tinctorius L. by high-performance liquid
488 chromatography coupled with diode array detector. J Chromatogr A 1216:2063–2070.
489 [Link]
490 Fanaroff AC, Rymer JA, Goldstein SA, et al (2015) Does This Patient With Chest Pain Have
491 Acute Coronary Syndrome?: The Rational Clinical Examination Systematic Review. JAMA
492 314:1955–1965. [Link]
493 Fang J, Xu SW, Wang P, et al (2010) Tanshinone II-A attenuates cardiac fibrosis and modulates
494 collagen metabolism in rats with renovascular hypertension. Phytomedicine 18:58–64.
495 [Link]
496 Farag S, Kayser O (2017) The Cannabis Plant: Botanical Aspects. Handb Cannabis Relat Pathol
497 3–12. [Link]
498 Farzaei MH, Farzaei F, Abdollahi M, et al (2016) A mechanistic review on medicinal plants used
499 for rheumatoid arthritis in traditional Persian medicine. J Pharm Pharmacol 68:1233–1248.
500 [Link]
501 Fazeenah Ah A, Mja F, Fowziya S, Quamri MA (2015) Therapeutic effect of wet cupping
502 therapy in the management of Shaqeeqah (migraine) . Int J Adv Pharm Med Bioallied Sci
503 3:102–105
504 Fazio A, Plastina P, Meijerink J, et al (2013) Comparative analyses of seeds of wild fruits of
505 Rubus and Sambucus species from Southern Italy: Fatty acid composition of the oil, total
506 phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of the methanolic extracts.
507 Food Chem 140:817–824. [Link]
508 Fiebich BL, Fiebich BL, Heinrich M, et al (2001) Inhibition of TNF-$α$ synthesis in LPS-
509 stimulated primary human monocytes by Harpagophytum extract SteiHap 69.
510 Phytomedicine 8:28–30. [Link]
511 Finn CE, Thomas AL, Byers PL, Serçe S (2008) Evaluation of American (Sambucus canadensis)
512 and European (S. nigra) Elderberry Genotypes Grown in Diverse Environments and
513 Implications for Cultivar Development. HortScience 43:1385–1391.
514 [Link]
515 Finnerup NB, Attal N, Haroutounian S, et al (2015) Pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain in
516 adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Neurol 14:162–173.
517 [Link]
518 Finnerup NB, Sindrup SH, Jensen TS (2010) The evidence for pharmacological treatment of

14
519 neuropathic pain. Pain 150:573–581. [Link]
520 Forouzanfar F, Amin B, Ghorbani A, et al (2018) New approach for the treatment of neuropathic
521 pain: Fibroblast growth factor 1 gene-transfected adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
522 Eur J Pain 22:295–310. [Link]
523 Forouzanfar F, Bazzaz BSF, Hosseinzadeh H (2014) Black cumin (Nigella sativa) and its
524 constituent (thymoquinone): a review on antimicrobial effects. Iran J Basic Med Sci 17:938
525 Fowler TO, Durham CO, Planton J, Edlund BJ (2014) Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory
526 drugs in the older adult. J Am Assoc Nurse Pract 26:414–423. [Link]
527 6924.12139
528 Frei B, Baltisberger M, Sticher O, Heinrich M (1998) Medical ethnobotany of the Zapotecs of
529 the Isthmus-Sierra (Oaxaca, Mexico): Documentation and assessment of indigenous uses. J
530 Ethnopharmacol 62:149–165. [Link]
531 Friedly J, Standaert C, Chan L (2010) Epidemiology of Spine Care: The Back Pain Dilemma.
532 Phys Med Rehabil Clin 21:659–677. [Link]
533 Funk JL, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, et al (2006) Efficacy and mechanism of action of turmeric
534 supplements in the treatment of experimental arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 54:3452–3464.
535 [Link]
536 Funk JL, Frye JB, Oyarzo JN, et al (2010) Anti-arthritic effects and toxicity of the essential oils
537 of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.). J Agric Food Chem 58:842–849.
538 [Link]
539 G M, C G, P S, et al (2013) [Etiopathogenesis of dysmenorrhea]. Med Wieku Rozwoj 17:85–89
540 Gaire BP, Kwon OW, Park SH, et al (2015) Neuroprotective Effect of 6-Paradol in Focal
541 Cerebral Ischemia Involves the Attenuation of Neuroinflammatory Responses in Activated
542 Microglia. PLoS One 10:e0120203. [Link]
543 Galeotti N, Ghelardini C (2013) St. John’s wort reversal of meningeal nociception: A natural
544 therapeutic perspective for migraine pain. Phytomedicine 20:930–938.
545 [Link]
546 Galeotti N, Vivoli E, Bilia AR, et al (2010a) A Prolonged Protein Kinase C-Mediated, Opioid-
547 Related Antinociceptive Effect of St John’s Wort in Mice. J Pain 11:149–159.
548 [Link]
549 Galeotti N, Vivoli E, Bilia AR, et al (2010b) St. John’s Wort reduces neuropathic pain through a
550 hypericin-mediated inhibition of the protein kinase C $γ$ and ɛ activity. Biochem
551 Pharmacol 79:1327–1336. [Link]
552 Ganesan K, Sehgal PK, Mandal AB, Sayeed S (2011) Protective effect of withania somnifera
553 and cardiospermum halicacabum extracts against collagenolytic degradation of collagen.
554 Appl Biochem Biotechnol 165:1075–1091. [Link]

15
555 Gao S, Wang Q, Tian XH, et al (2017) Total sesquiterpene lactones prepared from Inula
556 helenium L. has potentials in prevention and therapy of rheumatoid arthritis. J
557 Ethnopharmacol 196:39–46. [Link]
558 Gao YJ, Ji RR (2010) Chemokines, neuronal–glial interactions, and central processing of
559 neuropathic pain. Pharmacol Ther 126:56–68.
560 [Link]
561 García-Martínez O, De Luna-Bertos E, Ramos-Torrecillas J, et al (2015) Repercussions of
562 NSAIDS drugs on bone tissue: The osteoblast. Life Sci 123:72–77.
563 [Link]
564 Garcia-Orue I, Gainza G, Gutierrez FB, et al (2017a) Novel nanofibrous dressings containing
565 rhEGF and Aloe vera for wound healing applications. Int J Pharm 523:556–566.
566 [Link]
567 Garcia-Orue I, Pedraz JL, Hernandez RM, Igartua M (2017b) Nanotechnology-based delivery
568 systems to release growth factors and other endogenous molecules for chronic wound
569 healing. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 42:2–17. [Link]
570 Gardiner P, Buettner C, Davis RB, et al (2008) Factors and common conditions associated with
571 adolescent dietary supplement use: an analysis of the National Health and Nutrition
572 Examination Survey (NHANES). BMC Complement Altern Med 8:9.
573 [Link]
574 Garland EL (2014) Treating chronic pain: the need for non-opioid options. Expert Rev Clin
575 Pharmacol 7:545–550. [Link]
576 Gedin F, Skeppholm M, Burström K, et al (2017) Effectiveness, costs and cost-effectiveness of
577 chiropractic care and physiotherapy compared with information and advice in the treatment
578 of non-specific chronic low back pain: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.
579 Trials 18:613. [Link]
580 Genizi J, Srugo I, Kerem NC (2013) The cross- ethnic variations in the prevalence of headache
581 and other somatic complaints among adolescents in Northern Israel. J Headache Pain 14:1–
582 6. [Link]
583 Ghahary A, Ghaffari A (2007) Role of keratinocyte–fibroblast cross-talk in development of
584 hypertrophic scar. Wound Repair Regen 15:S46--S53. [Link]
585 475X.2007.00225.X
586 Ghanbari R, Anwar F, Alkharfy KM, et al (2012) Valuable Nutrients and Functional Bioactives
587 in Different Parts of Olive (Olea europaea L.)—A Review. Int J Mol Sci 13:3291–3340.
588 [Link]
589 Ghasemzadeh MR, Amin B, Mehri S, et al (2016) Effect of alcoholic extract of aerial parts of
590 Rosmarinus officinalis L. on pain, inflammation and apoptosis induced by chronic
591 constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 194:117–130.
592 [Link]

16
593 Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar M, Amin B, Mehri S, et al (2017) Anti-inflammatory effects of
594 ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and rosmarinic acid in a rat model of
595 neuropathic pain. Biomed Pharmacother 86:441–449.
596 [Link]
597 Gheita TA, Kenawy SA (2012) Effectiveness of Nigella sativa Oil in the Management of
598 Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: A Placebo Controlled Study. Phyther Res 26:1246–1248.
599 [Link]
600 Gibofsky A (2012) Overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology, and diagnosis of rheumatoid
601 arthritis. Am J Manag Care 18:S302
602 Gilron I, Watson CPN, Cahill CM, Moulin DE (2006) Neuropathic pain: a practical guide for the
603 clinician. Can Med Assoc J 175:265–275. [Link]
604 Goadsby PJ, Holland PR, Martins-Oliveira M, et al (2017) Pathophysiology of Migraine: A
605 Disorder of Sensory Processing. Physiol Rev 97:553–622.
606 [Link]
607 Goadsby PJ, Sprenger T (2010) Current practice and future directions in the prevention and acute
608 management of migraine. Lancet Neurol 9:285–298. [Link]
609 4422(10)70005-3
610 Goetzel RZ, D’Arco M, Thomas J, et al (2015) Measuring the Prevalence and Incidence of Low
611 Back Pain Disorders among American Workers in the Aerospace and Defense Industry. J
612 Occup Environ Med 57:998–1003. [Link]
613 Golebiewska EM, Poole AW (2015) Platelet secretion: From haemostasis to wound healing and
614 beyond. Blood Rev 29:153–162. [Link]
615 Gonçalves J, Mendes B, Silva CL, Câmara JS (2012) Development of a novel microextraction by
616 packed sorbent-based approach followed by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography as a
617 powerful technique for quantification phenolic constituents of biological interest in wines. J
618 Chromatogr A 1229:13–23. [Link]
619 Goodacre S, Cross E, Arnold J, et al (2005) The health care burden of acute chest pain. Heart
620 91:229–230. [Link]
621 Gothai S, Arulselvan P, Tan WS, Fakurazi S (2016) Wound healing properties of ethyl acetate
622 fraction of Moringa oleifera in normal human dermal fibroblasts. J Intercult
623 Ethnopharmacol 5:1–6. [Link]
624 Greenslade JH, Hawkins T, Parsonage W, Cullen L (2017) Panic Disorder in Patients Presenting
625 to the Emergency Department With Chest Pain: Prevalence and Presenting Symptoms. Hear
626 Lung Circ 26:1310–1316. [Link]
627 Grover A, Shandilya A, Punetha A, et al (2010) Inhibition of the NEMO/IKKβ association
628 complex formation, a novel mechanism associated with the NF-κB activation suppression
629 by Withania somnifera’s key metabolite withaferin A. BMC Genomics 11 Suppl 4:
630 [Link]

17
631 Grover JK, Yadav SP (2004) Pharmacological actions and potential uses of Momordica
632 charantia: a review. J Ethnopharmacol 93:123–132.
633 [Link]
634 Gründemann C, Lengen K, Sauer B, et al (2014) Equisetum arvense (common horsetail)
635 modulates the function of inflammatory immunocompetent cells. BMC Complement Altern
636 Med 14:283. [Link]
637 Grzanna R, Lindmark L, Frondoza CG (2005) Ginger - An herbal medicinal product with broad
638 anti-inflammatory actions. J Med Food 8:125–132. [Link]
639 Guha P, Paul S, Das A, et al (2014) Analyses of Human and Rat Clinical Parameters in
640 Rheumatoid Arthritis Raise the Possibility of Use of Crude Aloe vera Gel in Disease
641 Amelioration. Immunome Res 10:. [Link]
642 Guo Y, Li Y, Xue L, et al (2014) Salvia miltiorrhiza: An ancient Chinese herbal medicine as a
643 source for anti-osteoporotic drugs. J Ethnopharmacol 155:1401–1416.
644 [Link]
645 Gupta A, Singh S (2014) Evaluation of anti-inflammatory effect of Withania somnifera root on
646 collagen-induced arthritis in rats. [Link] 52:308–320.
647 [Link]
648 Gupta S, Mehrotra S, Villalón CM, et al (2007) Potential role of female sex hormones in the
649 pathophysiology of migraine. Pharmacol Ther 113:321–340.
650 [Link]
651 Gupta S, Mishra KP, Singh SB, Ganju L (2017) Inhibitory effects of andrographolide on
652 activated macrophages and adjuvant-induced arthritis. Inflammopharmacology 2017 262
653 26:447–456. [Link]
654 Gupta VK, Malhotra S (2012) Pharmacological attribute of Aloe vera: Revalidation through
655 experimental and clinical studies. Ayu 33:193. [Link]
656 Gurley BJ, Gardner SF, Hubbard MA, et al (2005) Clinical assessment of effects of botanical
657 supplementation on cytochrome P450 phenotypes in the elderly: St John’s wort, garlic oil,
658 Panax ginseng and Ginkgo biloba. Drugs Aging 22:525–539.
659 [Link]
660 Gurung S, Škalko-Basnet N (2009) Wound healing properties of Carica papaya latex: In vivo
661 evaluation in mice burn model. J Ethnopharmacol 121:338–341.
662 [Link]
663 Güven M, Sciences HK-J of A, 2016 undefined Some chemical and physical properties, fatty
664 acid composition and bioactive compounds of wheat germ oils extracted from different
665 wheat cultivars. [Link]
666 Hadi V, Kheirouri S, Alizadeh M, et al (2016) Effects of Nigella sativa oil extract on
667 inflammatory cytokine response and oxidative stress status in patients with rheumatoid
668 arthritis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Avicenna J

18
669 Phytomedicine 6:34. [Link]
670 Hafez AR, Alenazi AM, Kachanathu SJ, et al (2014) Knee Osteoarthritis: A Review of
671 Literature. Phys Med Rehabil Int 1:
672 Haghighi AB, Motazedian S, Rezaii R, et al (2010) Cutaneous application of menthol 10%
673 solution as an abortive treatment of migraine without aura: a randomised, double-blind,
674 placebo-controlled, crossed-over study. Int J Clin Pract 64:451–456.
675 [Link]
676 Haghighian M, Alipoor B, … AM-AM, 2015 undefined Effects of sesame seed supplementation
677 on inflammatory factors and oxidative stress biomarkers in patients with knee osteoarthritis.
678 [Link]
679 Hajhashemi M, Ghanbari Z, Movahedi M, et al (2017) The effect of Achillea millefolium and
680 Hypericum perforatum ointments on episiotomy wound healing in primiparous women. J
681 Matern Neonatal Med 31:63–69. [Link]
682 Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Heidari AH (2012) Anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities
683 of Aloe littoralis in rats. Res Pharm Sci 7:73–78
684 Han SY, Li HX, Ma X, et al (2009) Protective effects of purified safflower extract on myocardial
685 ischemia in vivo and in vitro. Phytomedicine 16:694–702.
686 [Link]
687 Han W, Zhu Y, Chen B, et al (2018) 7,8,3′-Trihydroxyflavone ameliorate oxidative stress in vivo
688 and promotes neurite regeneration in vitro in rat retinal ganglion cells. Eur J Pharmacol
689 833:283–289. [Link]
690 Hansen JM, Goadsby PJ, Charles AC (2015) Variability of clinical features in attacks of
691 migraine with aura. Cephalalgia 36:216–224. [Link]
692 Hartog A, Smit HF, van der Kraan PM, et al (2009) In vitro and in vivo modulation of cartilage
693 degradation by a standardized Centella asiatica fraction. Exp Biol Med 234:617–623.
694 [Link]
695 Hashemi SA, Madani SA, Abediankenari S (2015) The review on properties of aloe vera in
696 healing of cutaneous wounds. Biomed Res Int 2015:. [Link]
697 Hasnaoui A El, Vray M, Richard A, et al (2003) Assessing the Severity of Migraine:
698 Development of the MIGSEV Scale. Headache J Head Face Pain 43:628–635.
699 [Link]
700 Hayek SS, Ko YA, Awad M, et al (2017) Depression and chest pain in patients with coronary
701 artery disease. Int J Cardiol 230:420–426. [Link]
702 Hazra R, Ray K, Guha D (2007) Inhibitory role of Acorus calamus in ferric chloride-induced
703 epileptogenesis in rat. Hum Exp Toxicol 26:947–953.
704 [Link]

19
705 He J, Yang YN, Jiang JS, et al (2014) Saffloflavonesides A and B, two rearranged derivatives of
706 flavonoid C -glycosides with A furan-tetrahydrofuran ring from Carthamus tinctorius. Org
707 Lett 16:5714–5717.
708 [Link]
709 Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (2013) The
710 International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (beta version). Cephalalgia
711 33:629–808. [Link]
712 Heidarifar R, Mehran N, Heidari A, et al (2014) Effect of Dill (Anethum graveolens) on the
713 severity of primary dysmenorrhea in compared with mefenamic acid: A randomized,
714 double-blind trial. J Res Med Sci 19:326–330
715 Heinrich M, Kufer J, Leonti M, Pardo-de-Santayana M (2006) Ethnobotany and
716 ethnopharmacology—Interdisciplinary links with the historical sciences. J Ethnopharmacol
717 107:157–160. [Link]
718 Hemshekhar M, Thushara RM, Jnaneshwari S, et al (2012) Attenuation of adjuvant-induced
719 arthritis by dietary sesamol via modulation of inflammatory mediators, extracellular matrix
720 degrading enzymes and antioxidant status. Eur J Nutr 52:1787–1799.
721 [Link]
722 Heneweer H, Staes F, Aufdemkampe G, et al (2011) Physical activity and low back pain: a
723 systematic review of recent literature. Eur Spine J 20:826–845.
724 [Link]
725 Heshmati A, Dolatian M, Mojab F, et al (2016) The effect of peppermint (Mentha piperita)
726 capsules on the severity of primary dysmenorrhea. J Herb Med 6:137–141.
727 [Link]
728 Heyninck K, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Van Der Veken P, et al (2014) Withaferin A inhibits NF-
729 kappaB activation by targeting cysteine 179 in IKKβ. Biochem Pharmacol 91:501–509.
730 [Link]
731 Ho JHC, Hong CY (2011) Salvianolic acids: Small compounds with multiple mechanisms for
732 cardiovascular protection. J Biomed Sci 18:. [Link]
733 Hochberg MC, Altman RD, April KT, et al (2012) America College of Rheumatology 2012
734 recommendations for the use of nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies in
735 osteoarthritis of the hand, hip, and knee. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 64:465–474.
736 [Link]
737 Hootman JM, Helmick CG, Barbour KE, et al (2016) Updated Projected Prevalence of Self-
738 Reported Doctor-Diagnosed Arthritis and Arthritis-Attributable Activity Limitation Among
739 US Adults, 2015-2040. Arthritis Rheumatol 68:1582–1587.
740 [Link]
741 Hoscheid J, Lane M, Cardoso C (2015) Sucupira as a Potential Plant for Arthritis Treatment and
742 Other Diseases. [Link]

20
743 Hossain AI, Faisal M, Rahman S, et al (2014) A preliminary evaluation of antihyperglycemic
744 and analgesic activity of Alternanthera sessilis aerial parts. BMC Complement Altern Med
745 2014 141 14:1–5. [Link]
746 Hosseinzadeh H, Modaghegh MH, Saffari Z (2009) Crocus sativus L. (saffron) extract and its
747 active constituents (crocin and safranal) on ischemia-reperfusion in rat skeletal muscle.
748 Evidence-based Complement Altern Med 6:343–350.
749 [Link]
750 Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M (2013) Avicenna’s (Ibn Sina) the Canon of Medicine and
751 Saffron (Crocus sativus): A Review. Phyther Res 27:475–483.
752 [Link]
753 Hou C-W, Lin Y-T, Chen Y-L, et al (2013) Neuroprotective effects of carnosic acid on neuronal
754 cells under ischemic and hypoxic stress. Nutr Neurosci 15:257–263.
755 [Link]
756 Hou YZ, Zhao GR, Yang J, et al (2004) Protective effect of Ligusticum chuanxiong and
757 Angelica sinensis on endothelial cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide. Life Sci
758 75:1775–1786. [Link]
759 Hou YZ, Zhao GR, Yuan YJ, et al (2005) Inhibition of rat vascular smooth muscle cell
760 proliferation by extract of Ligusticum chuanxiong and Angelica sinensis. J Ethnopharmacol
761 100:140–144. [Link]
762 Hoy D, Brooks P, Blyth F, Buchbinder R (2010) The Epidemiology of low back pain. Best Pract
763 Res Clin Rheumatol 24:769–781. [Link]
764 HP A (2002) [Boswellic acids (components of frankincense) as the active principle in treatment
765 of chronic inflammatory diseases]. Wien Med Wochenschr 152:373–378.
766 [Link]
767 Hsu DZ, Chen SJ, Chu PY, Liu MY (2013) Therapeutic effects of sesame oil on monosodium
768 urate crystal-induced acute inflammatory response in rats. Springerplus 2:1–10.
769 [Link]
770 Hsu DZ, Chu PY, Jou IM (2016) Daily sesame oil supplement attenuates joint pain by inhibiting
771 muscular oxidative stress in osteoarthritis rat model. J Nutr Biochem 29:36–40.
772 [Link]
773 Hu C-X, Hu K-Y, Wang J-F (2020) Potential role of the compound Eucommia bone tonic
774 granules in patients with osteoarthritis and osteonecrosis: A retrospective study. World J
775 Clin Cases 8:53. [Link]
776 Hu XX, Wu Y, Zhang J, Wei W (2019) T-cells interact with B cells, dendritic cells, and
777 fibroblast-like synoviocytes as hub-like key cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Int
778 Immunopharmacol 70:428–434. [Link]
779 huang Li J, pan Cao X, jing Wei J, et al (2015) Chuanxiong chadiao powder, a famous Chinese
780 herbal prescription, for headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Complement

21
781 Ther Med 23:577–590. [Link]
782 Huang RY, Chu YL, Jiang ZB, et al (2014a) Glycyrrhizin suppresses lung adenocarcinoma cell
783 growth through inhibition of thromboxane synthase. Cell Physiol Biochem 33:375–388.
784 [Link]
785 Huang S-H, Lee C-H, Wang H-M, et al (2014b) 6-Dehydrogingerdione Restrains
786 Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory Responses in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. J Agric
787 Food Chem 62:9171–9179. [Link]
788 Huang THW, Tran VH, Duke RK, et al (2006) Harpagoside suppresses lipopolysaccharide-
789 induced iNOS and COX-2 expression through inhibition of NF-κB activation. J
790 Ethnopharmacol 104:149–155. [Link]
791 Hucho T, Levine JD (2007) Signaling Pathways in Sensitization: Toward a Nociceptor Cell
792 Biology. Neuron 55:365–376. [Link]
793 Hyrich KL, Watson KD, Silman AJ, et al (2006) Predictors of response to anti-TNF-$α$ therapy
794 among patients with rheumatoid arthritis: results from the British Society for Rheumatology
795 Biologics Register. Rheumatology 45:1558–1565.
796 [Link]
797 Idolo M, Motti R, Mazzoleni S (2010) Ethnobotanical and phytomedicinal knowledge in a long-
798 history protected area, the Abruzzo, Lazio and Molise National Park (Italian Apennines). J
799 Ethnopharmacol 127:379–395. [Link]
800 Ilmawati RR, Amin AZ, Amin M (2017) Alliin as a Natural Bioactive from Single Bulb Garlic
801 (Allium sativum) for Nitric Oxide (NO) Increasing in Atherosclerotic Process Based on
802 Insilico Screening. Biol Med Nat Prod Chem 6:59–62.
803 [Link]
804 Inanmdar W, Sultana A, Mubeen U, Rahman K (2016) Clinical efficacy of Trigonella foenum
805 graecum (Fenugreek) and dry cupping therapy on intensity of pain in patients with primary
806 dysmenorrhea. Chin J Integr Med 1–8. [Link]
807 Izzo AA, Borrelli F, Capasso R, et al (2009) Non-psychotropic plant cannabinoids: new
808 therapeutic opportunities from an ancient herb. Trends Pharmacol Sci 30:515–527.
809 [Link]
810 Jaafarpour M, Hatefi M, Khani A, Khajavikhan J (2015a) Comparative Effect of Cinnamon and
811 Ibuprofen for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Randomized Double-Blind Clinical
812 Trial. J Clin Diagn Res 9:QC07. [Link]
813 Jaafarpour M, Hatefi M, Najafi F, et al (2015b) The Effect of Cinnamon on Menstrual Bleeding
814 and Systemic Symptoms With Primary Dysmenorrhea. Iran Red Crescent Med J 17:e27032.
815 [Link]
816 Jahromi B, Pirvulescu I, Candido KD, Knezevic NN (2021) Herbal Medicine for Pain
817 Management: Efficacy and Drug Interactions. Pharmaceutics 13:1–43.
818 [Link]

22
819 Jain V, Pareek A, Paliwal N, et al (2014) Antinociceptive and antiallodynic effects of
820 Momordica charantia L. in tibial and sural nerve transection-induced neuropathic pain in
821 rats. Nutr Neurosci 17:88–96. [Link]
822 Jain V, Pareek A, Ratan Y, et al Standardized fruit extract of Momordica charantia L protect
823 against vincristine induced neuropathic pain in rats by modulating GABAergic action,
824 antimitotoxic. Elsevier
825 Jakaria M, Azam S, Cho D-Y, et al (2019) The Methanol Extract of Allium cepa L. Protects
826 Inflammatory Markers in LPS-Induced BV-2 Microglial Cells and Upregulates the
827 Antiapoptotic Gene and Antioxidant Enzymes in N27-A Cells. Antioxidants 2019, Vol 8,
828 Page 348 8:348. [Link]
829 Jalali FSS, Tajik H, Hadian M (2010) Efficacy of topical application of alcoholic extract of
830 yarrow in the healing process of experimental burn wounds in rabbit. Comp Clin Path
831 21:177–181. [Link]
832 Jalalpure SS, Agrawal N, Patil MB, et al (2008) Antimicrobial and wound healing activities of
833 leaves of Alternanthera sessilis Linn. Int J Green Pharm 2:.
834 [Link]
835 Jales STL, Barbosa R de M, Silva GR da, et al (2021) Natural Polysaccharides From Aloe vera
836 L. Gel (Aloe barbadensis Miller): Processing Techniques and Analytical Methods.
837 Polysaccharides 1–22. [Link]
838 Jamil SS, Nizami Q, Salam M (2007) Centella asiatica(Linn.) Urban - A Review . Indian J Nat
839 Prod Resour 158–170
840 Jana S, Shekhawat GS (2010) Anethum graveolens: An Indian traditional medicinal herb and
841 spice. Pharmacogn Rev 4:179–184. [Link]
842 Jarić S, Kostić O, Mataruga Z, et al Traditional wound-healing plants used in the Balkan region
843 (Southeast Europe). Elsevier
844 Jarukamjorn K, Nemoto N (2008) Pharmacological aspects of andrographis paniculata on health
845 and its major diterpenoid constituent andrographolide. J Heal Sci 54:370–381.
846 [Link]
847 Javidi S, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H (2016) A review of Neuropharmacology Effects of
848 Nigella sativa and Its Main Component, Thymoquinone. Phyther Res 30:1219–1229.
849 [Link]
850 Jayaprakasha GK, Rao LJM (2011) Chemistry, Biogenesis, and Biological Activities of
851 Cinnamomum zeylanicum. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 51:547–562.
852 [Link]
853 Jenabi E, Fereidoony B (2015) Effect of Achillea Millefolium on Relief of Primary
854 Dysmenorrhea: A Double-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol
855 28:402–404. [Link]

23
856 Jensen R, Stovner LJ (2008) Epidemiology and comorbidity of headache. Lancet Neurol 7:354–
857 361. [Link]
858 Jeong JB, Ju SY, Park JH, et al (2009) Antioxidant activity in essential oils of Cnidium officinale
859 makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong hort and their inhibitory effects on DNA damage and
860 apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B in mammalian cell. Cancer Epidemiol 33:41–46.
861 [Link]
862 Jeong JW, Lee HH, Lee KW, et al (2016a) Mori folium inhibits interleukin-1$β$-induced
863 expression of matrix metalloproteinases and inflammatory mediators by suppressing the
864 activation of NF-$κ$B and p38 MAPK in SW1353 human chondrocytes. Int J Mol Med
865 37:452–460. [Link]
866 Jeong YY, Ryu JH, Shin J-H, et al (2016b) Comparison of Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory
867 Effects between Fresh and Aged Black Garlic Extracts. Molecules 21:430.
868 [Link]
869 Jermini M, Dubois J, Rodondi PY, et al (2019) Complementary medicine use during cancer
870 treatment and potential herb-drug interactions from a cross-sectional study in an academic
871 centre. Sci Rep 9:5078. [Link]
872 Jiang J-S, He J, Feng Z-M, Zhang P-C (2010) Two New Quinochalcones from the Florets of
873 Carthamus tinctorius. Org Lett 12:1196–1199. [Link]
874 Jiang X, Qu Q, Li M, et al (2014) Horsetail mixture on rheumatoid arthritis and its regulation on
875 TNF-$α$ and IL-10. Pak J Pharm Sci 27:2019–2023
876 Jiang Z, Wang J, Guo X, et al (2019) Menstrual disorders and occupational exposures among
877 female nurses: A nationwide cross-sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 95:49–55.
878 [Link]
879 Jimenez P, Cabrero P, Basterrechea JE, et al (2014) Effects of Short-term Heating on Total
880 Polyphenols, Anthocyanins, Antioxidant Activity and Lectins of Different Parts of Dwarf
881 Elder (Sambucus ebulus L.). Plant Foods Hum Nutr 69:168–174.
882 [Link]
883 Joe B, Vijaykumar M, Lokesh BR (2010) Biological Properties of Curcumin-Cellular and
884 Molecular Mechanisms of Action. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 44:97–111.
885 [Link]
886 John TF, French LG, Erlichman JS (2006) The antinociceptive effect of Salvinorin A in mice.
887 Eur J Pharmacol 545:129–133. [Link]
888 Jones H, Cooper P, Miller V, et al (2006) Treatment of non-cardiac chest pain: a controlled trial
889 of hypnotherapy. Gut 55:1403–1408. [Link]
890 Ju H, Jones M, Mishra G (2014) The Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dysmenorrhea. Epidemiol
891 Rev 36:104–113. [Link]
892 Juárez-Vázquez MDC, Carranza-Álvarez C, Alonso-Castro AJ, et al (2013) Ethnobotany of

24
893 medicinal plants used in Xalpatlahuac, Guerrero, México. J Ethnopharmacol 148:521–527.
894 [Link]
895 Julius D, Basbaum AI (2001) Molecular mechanisms of nociception. Nature 413:203–210.
896 [Link]
897 Jurenka JS (2009) Anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin, a major constituent of Curcuma
898 longa: a review of preclinical and clinical research. Altern Med Rev 14:141–153
899 Kaack K, Christensen LP, Hughes M, Eder R (2005) The relationship between sensory quality
900 and volatile compounds in raw juice processed from elderberries (Sambucus nigra L.). Eur
901 Food Res Technol 221:244–254. [Link]
902 Kala CP (2015) Herbal treatment for snakebites in Uttarakhand state of India. Indian J Nat Prod
903 Resour 56–61
904 Kamatou GPP, Vermaak I, Viljoen AM, Lawrence BM (2013) Menthol: A simple monoterpene
905 with remarkable biological properties. Phytochemistry 96:15–25.
906 [Link]
907 Kannan P, Chapple CM, Miller D, et al (2015) Menstrual pain and quality of life in women with
908 primary dysmenorrhea: Rationale, design, and interventions of a randomized controlled trial
909 of effects of a treadmill-based exercise intervention. Contemp Clin Trials 42:81–89.
910 [Link]
911 Kanter M (2008) Effects of Nigella sativa and its major constituent, thymoquinone on sciatic
912 nerves in experimental diabetic neuropathy. Neurochem Res 33:87–96.
913 [Link]
914 Karsan N, Prabhakar P, Goadsby PJ (2016) Characterising the premonitory stage of migraine in
915 children: a clinic-based study of 100 patients in a specialist headache service. J Headache
916 Pain 17:1–7. [Link]
917 Karthikeyan M, Deepa MK (2010) Antinociceptive Activity of Mimosa pudica Linn . Iran J
918 Pharmacol Ther 9:11–14
919 Kashefi F, Khajehei M, Tabatabaeichehr M, et al (2014) Comparison of the Effect of Ginger and
920 Zinc Sulfate on Primary Dysmenorrhea: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Trial. Pain
921 Manag Nurs 15:826–833. [Link]
922 Kasper S, Caraci F, Forti B, et al (2010) Efficacy and tolerability of Hypericum extract for the
923 treatment of mild to moderate depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 20:747–765.
924 [Link]
925 Kassem AA, Labib GS (2016) Flash Dissolving Sublingual Almotriptan Malate Lyotabs For
926 Management Of Migraine. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 9:125.
927 [Link]
928 Kasture VS, Kasture SB, Chopde CT (2002) Anticonvulsive activity of Butea monosperma
929 flowers in laboratory animals. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 72:965–972.

25
930 [Link]
931 Katon W, Hall ML, Russo J, et al (1988) Chest pain: Relationship of psychiatric illness to
932 coronary arteriographic results. Am J Med 84:1–9. [Link]
933 9343(88)90001-0
934 KAUR G, BALI A, SINGH N, JAGGI AS (2015) Ameliorative potential of Ocimum sanctum in
935 chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats. An Acad Bras Cienc 87:417–
936 429. [Link]
937 Kaur S, Muthuraman A (2019) Ameliorative effect of gallic acid in paclitaxel-induced
938 neuropathic pain in mice. Toxicol Reports 6:505–513.
939 [Link]
940 Kayashima T, Matsubara K (2012) Antiangiogenic Effect of Carnosic Acid and Carnosol,
941 Neuroprotective Compounds in Rosemary Leaves. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem
942 76:1111292741. [Link]
943 Kazemi M (2015a) Phenolic profile, antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory activity of
944 Anethum graveolens L. essential oil. Nat Prod Res 29:551–553.
945 [Link]
946 Kazemi M (2015b) Phytochemical Composition of Thymus vulgaris L. Essential Oil. J Essent
947 Oil Bear Plants 18:751–753. [Link]
948 Kelm M, Nair M, Strasburg G, et al Antioxidant and cyclooxygenase inhibitory phenolic
949 compounds from Ocimum sanctum Linn. Elsevier
950 Kemper FH (2011) Chromatographic Fingerprint Analysis of Herbal Medicines: Thin-layer and
951 High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Chinese Drugs -. Int J Phyther Phytopharm
952 18:
953 Khajuria A, Gupta A, Suden P, et al (2008) Immunomodulatory activity of biopolymeric fraction
954 BOS 2000 from Boswellia serrata. Phytother Res 22:340–348.
955 [Link]
956 Khalid K, Silva J (2012) Biology of Calendula officinalis Linn.: Focus on Pharmacology ,
957 Biological Activities and Agronomic Practices. Med Aromat Plant Sci Biotechnol
958 Khalid M, Tufail S, Aslam Z, Butt A (2017) Osteoarthritis: From complications to cure. Int J
959 Clin Rheumtol 12:. [Link]
960 Khan MA, Ahmed RS, Chandra N, et al (2019) In vivo, Extract from Withania somnifera Root
961 Ameliorates Arthritis via Regulation of Key Immune Mediators of Inflammation in
962 Experimental Model of Arthritis. Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 18:55–70.
963 [Link]
964 Khan MA, Subramaneyaan M, Arora VK, et al (2015) Effect of Withania somnifera
965 (Ashwagandha) root extract on amelioration of oxidative stress and autoantibodies
966 production in collagen-induced arthritic rats. J Complement Integr Med 12:117–125.

26
967 [Link]
968 Khayyal MT, El-Ghazaly MA, Abdallah DM, et al (2011) Mechanisms Involved in the Anti-
969 inflammatory Effect of a Standardized Willow Bark Extract. Arzneimittelforschung
970 55:677–687. [Link]
971 Khyade MS, Vaikos NP (2011) Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of leaves of
972 <i>Alstonia scholaris R. Br. African J Biotechnol 8:6434–6436.
973 [Link]
974 Kim DS, Lee HJ, Jeon YD, et al (2015) Alpha-Pinene Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Activity
975 Through the Suppression of MAPKs and the NF-κB Pathway in Mouse Peritoneal
976 Macrophages. [Link] 43:731–742.
977 [Link]
978 Kim MS, Bang JH, Lee J, et al (2016) Ginkgo biloba L. extract protects against chronic cerebral
979 hypoperfusion by modulating neuroinflammation and the cholinergic system.
980 Phytomedicine 23:1356–1364. [Link]
981 Kizhakkedath R (2013) Clinical evaluation of a formulation containing Curcuma longa and
982 Boswellia serrata extracts in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Mol Med Rep 8:1542–
983 1548. [Link]
984 Klepser TB, Klepser ME (1999) Unsafe and potentially safe herbal therapies. Am J Heal Pharm
985 56:125–138. [Link]
986 Knuth AG, Bacchieri G, Victora CG, Hallal PC (2010) Changes in physical activity among
987 Brazilian adults over a 5-year period. J Epidemiol Community Heal 64:591–595.
988 [Link]
989 Koh W, Shin JS, Lee J, et al (2017) Anti-inflammatory effect of Cortex Eucommiae via
990 modulation of the toll-like receptor 4 pathway in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7
991 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 209:255–263. [Link]
992 Köhler BM, Günther J, Kaudewitz D, Lorenz H (2019) Current therapeutic options in the
993 treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Med 8:938. [Link]
994 Kokane DD, More RY, Kale MB, et al (2009) Evaluation of wound healing activity of root of
995 Mimosa pudica. J Ethnopharmacol 124:311–315. [Link]
996 Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, et al (2020) 2019 American College of
997 Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the
998 Hand, Hip, and Knee. Arthritis Rheumatol 72:220–233. [Link]
999 Kolhe S, Deb S (2011) Dysmenorrhoea. Obstet Gynaecol Reprod Med 21:311–316.
1000 [Link]
1001 Kopustinskiene DM, Bernatonyte U, Maslii Y, et al (2022) Natural Herbal Non-Opioid Topical
1002 Pain Relievers-Comparison with Traditional Therapy. Pharmaceutics 14:2648.
1003 [Link]

27
1004 Kowalski R, Sugier D, Sugier P, Kołodziej B (2015) Evaluation of the chemical composition of
1005 essential oils with respect to the maturity of flower heads of Arnica montana L. and Arnica
1006 chamissonis Less. cultivated for industry. Ind Crops Prod 76:857–865.
1007 [Link]
1008 Kremer M, Salvat E, Muller A, et al (2016) Antidepressants and gabapentinoids in neuropathic
1009 pain: Mechanistic insights. Neuroscience 338:183–206.
1010 [Link]
1011 Krishnan P (2006) The scientific study of herbal wound healing therapies: Current state of play.
1012 Curr Anaesth Crit Care 17:21–27. [Link]
1013 Krishnasamy K, Sivanandy P, Rosman AN, et al (2020) Comparison of Efficacy And Safety of
1014 Newer Drugs Approved For The Treatment of Migraine Disorder: A Review. Artic Int J
1015 Pharm Pharm Sci 12:. [Link]
1016 Kshirsagar AD, Panchal P V., Harle UN, et al (2014) Anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activity
1017 of anthraquinone derivatives in rodents. Int J Inflam 2014:.
1018 [Link]
1019 Kulkarni YA, Agarwal S, Garud MS (2015) Effect of Jyotishmati (Celastrus paniculatus) seeds
1020 in animal models of pain and inflammation. J Ayurveda Integr Med 6:88.
1021 [Link]
1022 L. M, R. B, T. GM, M. GT (2012) Comparative effect of fennel extract on the intensity of
1023 primary dysmenorrhea. African J Pharm Pharmacol 6:1770–1773.
1024 [Link]
1025 Lahiri M, Morgan C, Symmons DPM, Bruce IN (2012) Modifiable risk factors for RA:
1026 prevention, better than cure? Rheumatology 51:499–512.
1027 [Link]
1028 Lampl C, Rudolph M, Deligianni CI, Mitsikostas DD (2015) Neck pain in episodic migraine:
1029 premonitory symptom or part of the attack? J Headache Pain 16:1–5.
1030 [Link]
1031 Lane NE, Shidara K, Wise BL (2017) Osteoarthritis year in review 2016: clinical. Osteoarthr
1032 Cartil 25:209–215. [Link]
1033 Langner E (2002) Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press
1034 Lantz RC, Chen GJ, Sarihan M, et al (2007) The effect of extracts from ginger rhizome on
1035 inflammatory mediator production. Phytomedicine 14:123–128.
1036 [Link]
1037 Last AR, Hulbert K (2009) Chronic Low Back Pain: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam
1038 Physician 79:1067–1074
1039 Latthe P, Champaneria R, Khan K (2012) Dysmenorrhea. Am Fam Physician 85:386–387

28
1040 Laurell K, Artto V, Bendtsen L, et al (2015) Premonitory symptoms in migraine: A cross-
1041 sectional study in 2714 persons: Cephalalgia 36:951–959.
1042 [Link]
1043 Lavhale MS, Mishra SH (2007) Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of Butea
1044 monosperma Lam . Indian J Exp Biol 45:376–384
1045 Lawrence R, Tripathi P, Jeyakumar E (2009) Isolation, Purification and Evaluation of
1046 Antibacterial Agents from Aloe vera. Brazilian J Microbiol 40:906–915.
1047 [Link]
1048 Lazarus GS, Cooper DM, Knighton DR, et al (1994) Definitions and guidelines for assessment
1049 of wounds and evaluation of healing. Wound Repair Regen 2:165–170.
1050 [Link]
1051 Lecour S, Suleman N, Deuchar GA, et al (2005) Pharmacological preconditioning with tumor
1052 necrosis factor-α activates signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 at reperfusion
1053 without involving classic prosurvival kinases (Akt and extracellular signal-regulated
1054 kinase). Circulation 112:3911–3918.
1055 [Link]
1056 Lee HY, Park SH, Lee M, et al (2012) 1-Dehydro-[10]-gingerdione from ginger inhibits IKK$β$
1057 activity for NF-$κ$B activation and suppresses NF-$κ$B-regulated expression of
1058 inflammatory genes. Br J Pharmacol 167:128–140. [Link]
1059 5381.2012.01980.X
1060 Lesjak M, Beara I, Simin N, et al (2018) Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of
1061 quercetin and its derivatives. J Funct Foods 40:68–75.
1062 [Link]
1063 Lewis MAO (2003) Burket’s Oral Medicine. Diagnosis and Treatment, 10th edn. J Orthod
1064 30:346. [Link]
1065 Li J, Li ZX, Zhao JP, et al (2017a) A Novel Tropoloisoquinoline Alkaloid, Neotatarine, from
1066 Acorus calamus L. Chem Biodivers 14:e1700201.
1067 [Link]
1068 Li M, Handa S, Ikeda Y, Goto S (2001) Specific Inhibiting Characteristics of
1069 Tetramethylpyrazine, One of the Active Ingredients of the Chinese Herbal Medicine
1070 ‘Chuanxiong,’’ on Platelet Thrombus Formation Under High Shear Rates.’ Thromb Res
1071 104:15–28. [Link]
1072 Li S, Yu Y, Yue Y, et al (2013) Microbial Infection and Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Clin Cell
1073 Immunol 4:174. [Link]
1074 Li Y, He S, Tang J, et al (2017b) Andrographolide Inhibits Inflammatory Cytokines Secretion in
1075 LPS-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells through Suppression of NF-κB/MAPK Signaling
1076 Pathway. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med 2017:.
1077 [Link]

29
1078 Li Z, Wu M, Yao J, et al (2020) Caution on Kidney Dysfunctions of COVID-19 Patients. SSRN
1079 Electron J 2020.02.08.20021212. [Link]
1080 Liang G, Yang S, Zhou H, et al (2009) Synthesis, crystal structure and anti-inflammatory
1081 properties of curcumin analogues. Eur J Med Chem 44:915–919.
1082 [Link]
1083 Liao ZT, Pan YF, Huang JL, et al (2009) An epidemiological survey of low back pain and axial
1084 spondyloarthritis in a Chinese Han population. Scand J Rheumatol 38:455–459.
1085 [Link]
1086 Liedman R, Hansson SR, Howe D, et al (2008) Endometrial expression of vasopressin, oxytocin
1087 and their receptors in patients with primary dysmenorrhoea and healthy volunteers at
1088 ovulation. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 137:189–192.
1089 [Link]
1090 Liguori L, Califano R, Albanese D, et al (2017) Chemical composition and antioxidant properties
1091 of five white onion (Allium cepa L.) landraces. J Food Qual 2017:.
1092 [Link]
1093 Lin YL, Wang GJ, Huang CL, et al (2009) Ligusticum chuanxiong as a potential neuroprotectant
1094 for preventing serum deprivation-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells:
1095 Functional roles of mitogen-activated protein kinases. J Ethnopharmacol 122:417–423.
1096 [Link]
1097 Lindeque BG (2017) Dysmenorrhoea. South African Fam Pract 59:28–30
1098 Lipton RB, Göbel H, Einhäupl KM, et al (2004) Petasites hybridus root (butterbur) is an
1099 effective preventive treatment for migraine. Neurology 63:2240–2244.
1100 [Link]
1101 Liu Y, Nair MG (2012) Curcuma longa and Curcuma mangga leaves exhibit functional food
1102 property. Food Chem 135:634–640. [Link]
1103 Loisel P, Lemaire J, Poitras S, et al (2002) Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of a
1104 disability prevention model for back pain management: a six year follow up study. Occup
1105 Environ Med 59:807–815. [Link]
1106 Lu H, Jiang J, Xie G, et al (2013) Effects of an aqueous extract of Eucommia on articular
1107 cartilage in a rat model of osteoarthritis of the knee. Exp Ther Med 6:684–688.
1108 [Link]
1109 Luo J, Song W, Yang G, et al (2015) Compound Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) Dripping Pill for
1110 Coronary Heart Disease: An Overview of Systematic Reviews. Am J Chin Med 43:25–43.
1111 [Link]
1112 Ma CH, Wu CH, Jou IM, et al (2019) PKR Promotes Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis of Human
1113 Articular Chondrocytes by Causing Mitochondrial Dysfunction through p38 MAPK
1114 Activation—PKR Activation Causes Apoptosis in Human Chondrocytes. Antioxidants
1115 8:370. [Link]

30
1116 Machado DG, Bettio LEB, Cunha MP, et al (2009) Antidepressant-like effect of the extract of
1117 Rosmarinus officinalis in mice: Involvement of the monoaminergic system. Prog Neuro-
1118 Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry 33:642–650.
1119 [Link]
1120 Madden VJ, O’sullivan P, Fisher J, Malambule B (2013) “Our training left us unprepared” - two
1121 physiotherapists reflections after working with women with low back pain in a rural Zulu
1122 community in South Africa. J Community Heal Sci 8:1–18
1123 Maghbooli M, Golipour F, Esfandabadi AM, Yousefi M (2014) Comparison Between the
1124 Efficacy of Ginger and Sumatriptan in the Ablative Treatment of the Common Migraine.
1125 Phyther Res 28:412–415. [Link]
1126 Mahabadi M, Faghihiloo E, Alishiri GH, et al (2016) Detection of Epstein-Barr virus in synovial
1127 fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Electron Physician 8:20186.
1128 [Link]
1129 Mahdavi M, Taherian M, Maghsoudi H, Taherian R (2018) Potential Role of Herbal Medicine in
1130 Alleviating Pain and Inflammation in Osteoarthritis: A Review. J Cell Mol Anesth 3:35–44.
1131 [Link]
1132 Malek SNA, Lee GS, Hong SL, et al (2011) Phytochemical and Cytotoxic Investigations of
1133 Curcuma mangga Rhizomes. Molecules 16:4539–4548.
1134 [Link]
1135 Mameli A, Barcellona D, Marongiu F (2017) Fatal Cytopenia induced by low-dose methotrexate
1136 in elderly with rheumatoid arthritis. Identification of risk factors. Am J Ther 24:e106--e107.
1137 [Link]
1138 Maniadakis N, Gray A (2000) The economic burden of back pain in the UK. Pain 84:95–103.
1139 [Link]
1140 Maniyar FH, Sprenger T, Monteith T, et al (2014) Brain activations in the premonitory phase of
1141 nitroglycerin-triggered migraine attacks. Brain 137:232–241.
1142 [Link]
1143 Manji HK, Moore GJ, Rajkowska G, Chen G (2000) Neuroplasticity and cellular resilience in
1144 mood disorders. Mol Psychiatry 5:578–593. [Link]
1145 Mansourabadi AH, Sadeghi HM, Razavi N, Rezvani E (2016) Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic
1146 Properties of Salvigenin, Salvia officinalis Flavonoid Extracted. Adv Herb Med 2:31–41
1147 Marcucci E, Bartoloni E, Alunno A, et al (2018) Extra-articular rheumatoid arthritis.
1148 Reumatismo 70:212–224. [Link]
1149 Martin PR (2010) Behavioral Management of Migraine Headache Triggers: Learning to Cope
1150 with Triggers. Curr Pain Headache Rep 14:221–227. [Link]
1151 0112-Z
1152 Martínez-Romero D, Alburquerque N, Valverde JM, et al (2006) Postharvest sweet cherry

31
1153 quality and safety maintenance by Aloe vera treatment: A new edible coating. Postharvest
1154 Biol Technol 39:93–100. [Link]
1155 Martyn JAJ, Mao J, Bittner EA (2019) Opioid tolerance in critical illness. N Engl J Med
1156 380:365–378. [Link]
1157 Masoumi SZ, Asl HR, Poorolajal J, et al (2016) Evaluation of mint efficacy regarding
1158 dysmenorrhea in comparison with mefenamic acid: A double blinded randomized crossover
1159 study. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 21:363–367. [Link]
1160 Mateen S, Zafar A, Moin S, et al (2016) Understanding the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis
1161 of rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Chim Acta 455:161–171.
1162 [Link]
1163 Materazzi S, Benemei S, Fusi C, et al (2013) Parthenolide inhibits nociception and neurogenic
1164 vasodilatation in the trigeminovascular system by targeting the TRPA1 channel. PAIN®
1165 154:2750–2758. [Link]
1166 Mathieu D (ed) (2006) Handbook on hyperbaric medicine. Springer, New York
1167 McAlindon TE, Bannuru RR, Sullivan MC, et al (2014) OARSI guidelines for the non-surgical
1168 management of knee osteoarthritis. Osteoarthr Cartil 22:363–388.
1169 [Link]
1170 McCord J, Jneid H, Hollander JE, et al (2008) Management of Cocaine-Associated Chest Pain
1171 and Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 117:1897–1907.
1172 [Link]
1173 McCurdy CR, Sufka KJ, Smith GH, et al (2006) Antinociceptive profile of salvinorin A, a
1174 structurally unique kappa opioid receptor agonist. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 83:109–113.
1175 [Link]
1176 McKenna D, Jones K, Hughes K (2001) Efficacy, safety, and use of ginkgo biloba in clinical and
1177 preclinical applications. Altern Ther Health Med 7:70–90
1178 McWilliams DF, Leeb BF, Muthuri SG, et al (2011) Occupational risk factors for osteoarthritis
1179 of the knee: a meta-analysis. Osteoarthr Cartil 19:829–839.
1180 [Link]
1181 Mehmood A, Miana GA, Khan AU (2018) Anti-inflammatory actions of Berberis Lycium
1182 (Whole plant) in acute and chronic models of inflammation in mice. J Anim Plant Sci
1183 28:754–760
1184 Melloh M, Röder C, Elfering A, et al (2008) Differences across health care systems in outcome
1185 and cost-utility of surgical and conservative treatment of chronic low back pain: a study
1186 protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 9:1–9. [Link]
1187 Meng B, Li J, Cao H (2013) Antioxidant and Antiinflammatory Activities of Curcumin on
1188 Diabetes Mellitus and its Complications. Curr Pharm Des 19:2101–2113.
1189 [Link]

32
1190 Meng Q, Niu Y, Niu X, et al (2009) Ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of the
1191 genus Caragana used in traditional Chinese medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 124:350–368.
1192 [Link]
1193 Menke NB, Ward KR, Witten TM, et al (2007) Impaired wound healing. Clin Dermatol 25:19–
1194 25. [Link]
1195 Mesomo MC, Scheer ADP, Perez E, et al (2012) Ginger (Zingiber officinale R.) extracts
1196 obtained using supercritical CO2 and compressed propane: Kinetics and antioxidant activity
1197 evaluation. J Supercrit Fluids 71:102–109. [Link]
1198 Meucci RD, Fassa AG, Paniz VM V, et al (2013) Increase of chronic low back pain prevalence
1199 in a medium-sized city of southern Brazil. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 14:1–11.
1200 [Link]
1201 Middaugh SJ, Pawlick K (2002) Biofeedback and Behavioral Treatment of Persistent Pain in the
1202 Older Adult: A Review and a Study. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 27:185–202.
1203 [Link]
1204 Mikail HG (2016) Pleiotropic activity of Hypericum perforatum L. ~ 256 ~ J Med Plants Stud
1205 4:256–258. [Link]
1206 Millichap JG, Yee MM (2003) The diet factor in pediatric and adolescent migraine. Pediatr
1207 Neurol 28:9–15. [Link]
1208 Minniti CP, Eckman J, Sebastiani P, et al (2010) Leg Ulcers in Sickle Cell Disease. Am J
1209 Hematol 85:831. [Link]
1210 Mintah SO, Asafo-Agyei T, Archer M-A, et al (2019) Medicinal Plants for Treatment of
1211 Prevalent Diseases. In: Pharmacognosy - Medicinal Plants. IntechOpen
1212 Mirabi P, Alamolhoda SH, Esmaeilzadeh S, Mojab F (2014) Effect of Medicinal Herbs on
1213 Primary Dysmenorrhoea- a Systematic Review. Iran J Pharm Res 13:757–767
1214 Mirabi P, Dolatian M, Mojab F, Majd HA (2011) Effects of valerian on the severity and systemic
1215 manifestations of dysmenorrhea. Int J Gynecol Obstet 115:285–288.
1216 [Link]
1217 Mirabi P, Hanieh Alamolhoda S, Yazdkhasti M, Mojab F (2018) The Effects of Lemon balm on
1218 Menstrual Bleeding and the Systemic Manifestation of Dysmenorrhea. Iran J Pharm Res
1219 IJPR 17:214. [Link]
1220 Miraj S, Alesaeidi S (2016) A systematic review study of therapeutic effects of Matricaria
1221 recuitta chamomile (chamomile). Electron Physician 8:3024–3031.
1222 [Link]
1223 Miraj S, Rafieian-Kopaei, Kiani S (2016) Melissa officinalis L: A Review Study With an
1224 Antioxidant Prospective. J Evidence-Based Integr Med 22:385–394.
1225 [Link]

33
1226 Mittal N, Ginwal HS, Varshney VK (2009) Pharmaceutical and Biotechnological Potential of
1227 Acorus Calamus Linn.: An Indigenous Highly Valued Medicinal Plant Species.
1228 Pharmacogn Rev 3:93–103
1229 MJ D, JE T (2000) Antimicrobial activity of the essential oil of Lantana camara. Fitoterapia
1230 71:453–455. [Link]
1231 MJ L (2008) Calendula officinalis and Wound Healing: A Systematic Review. Wounds a
1232 Compend Clin Res Pract 20:236–243
1233 Mobasheri A, Batt M (2016) An update on the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis. Ann Phys
1234 Rehabil Med 59:333–339. [Link]
1235 Mockel M, Searle J, Muller R, et al (2013) Chief complaints in medical emergencies: Do they
1236 relate to underlying disease and outcome? the Charité Emergency Medicine Study
1237 (CHARITEM). Eur J Emerg Med 20:103–108.
1238 [Link]
1239 Moelants EA V, Mortier A, Damme J V, Proost P (2013) Regulation of TNF-$α$ with a focus on
1240 rheumatoid arthritis. Immunol Cell Biol 91:393–401. [Link]
1241 moghaddasi Mohammad S, Kashanisup; HH (2012) Pot marigold (Calendula officinalis)
1242 medicinal usage and cultivation. Sci Res Essays 7:1468–1472.
1243 [Link]
1244 Moll R, Derry S, Moore RA, McQuay HJ (2011) Single dose oral mefenamic acid for acute
1245 postoperative pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2017:.
1246 [Link]
1247 Monteith TS, Goadsby PJ (2010) Acute Migraine Therapy: New Drugs and New Approaches.
1248 Curr Treat Options Neurol 13:1–14. [Link]
1249 Montserrat-De La Paz S, García-Giménez MD, Ángel-Martín M, et al (2014) Long-chain fatty
1250 alcohols from evening primrose oil inhibit the inflammatory response in murine peritoneal
1251 macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 151:131–136. [Link]
1252 Moore M, Lam SJ, Kay AR (2010) Rapid Obstetrics and Gynaecology , second edi. John Wiley
1253 & Sons, Atrium
1254 Moqbel SAA, He Y, Xu L, et al (2020) Rat Chondrocyte Inflammation and Osteoarthritis Are
1255 Ameliorated by Madecassoside. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2020:.
1256 [Link]
1257 Mora JC, Przkora R, Cruz-Almeida Y (2018) Knee osteoarthritis: pathophysiology and current
1258 treatment modalities. J Pain Res 11:2196. [Link]
1259 Moreno-Salazar SF, Robles-Zepeda RE, Johnson DE (2008) Plant folk medicines for
1260 gastrointestinal disorders among the main tribes of Sonora, Mexico. Fitoterapia 79:132–
1261 141. [Link]

34
1262 Moscano F, Guiducci M, Maltoni L, et al (2019) An observational study of fixed-dose
1263 Tanacetum parthenium nutraceutical preparation for prophylaxis of pediatric headache. Ital
1264 J Pediatr 45:1–6. [Link]
1265 Moulin DE, Boulanger A, Clark AJ, et al (2014) Pharmacological management of chronic
1266 neuropathic pain: Revised consensus statement from the Canadian Pain Society. Pain Res
1267 Manag J Can Pain Soc 19:335. [Link]
1268 Moyo B, Masika PJ, Hugo A, Muchenje V (2013) Nutritional characterization of Moringa
1269 (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves. African J Biotechnol 10:12925–12933.
1270 [Link]
1271 Muhammad AA, Arulselvan P, Cheah PS, et al (2016) Evaluation of wound healing properties of
1272 bioactive aqueous fraction from Moringa oleifera Lam on experimentally induced diabetic
1273 animal model. Drug Des Devel Ther 10:1715–1730. [Link]
1274 Mulla SM, Buckley DN, Moulin DE, et al (2014) Management of chronic neuropathic pain: a
1275 protocol for a multiple treatment comparison meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.
1276 BMJ Open 4:e006112. [Link]
1277 Mun SH, Joung DK, Kim YS, et al (2013) Synergistic antibacterial effect of curcumin against
1278 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Phytomedicine 20:714–718.
1279 [Link]
1280 Mur E, Hartig F, Eibl G, Schirmer M (2002) Randomized double blind trial of an extract from
1281 the pentacyclic alkaloid-chemotype of uncaria tomentosa for the treatment of rheumatoid
1282 arthritis. J Rheumatol 29:678–681
1283 Murphy NJ, Eyles JP, Hunter DJ (2016) Hip Osteoarthritis: Etiopathogenesis and Implications
1284 for Management. Adv Ther 33:1921. [Link]
1285 Musumeci G, Aiello FC, Szychlinska MA, et al (2015) Osteoarthritis in the XXIst century: risk
1286 factors and behaviours that influence disease onset and progression. Int J Mol Sci 16:6093–
1287 6112. [Link]
1288 Muthu C, Ayyanar M, Raja N, Ignacimuthu S (2006) Medicinal plants used by traditional healers
1289 in Kancheepuram District of Tamil Nadu, India. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 2:1–10.
1290 [Link]
1291 Muthuraman A, Diwan V, Jaggi AS, et al (2008) Ameliorative effects of Ocimum sanctum in
1292 sciatic nerve transection-induced neuropathy in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 120:56–62.
1293 [Link]
1294 Muthuraman A, Singh N (2011) Attenuating effect of Acorus calamus extract in chronic
1295 constriction injury induced neuropathic pain in rats: an evidence of anti-oxidative, anti-
1296 inflammatory, neuroprotective and calcium inhibitory effects. BMC Complement Altern
1297 Med 11:1–14. [Link]
1298 Muthuraman A, Singh N (2012) Neuroprotective effect of saponin rich extract of Acorus
1299 calamus L. in rat model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve-induced

35
1300 neuropathic pain. J Ethnopharmacol 142:723–731.
1301 [Link]
1302 Muthuraman A, Singh N, Jaggi AS (2010) Effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Acorus calamus on
1303 tibial and sural nerve transection-induced painful neuropathy in rats. J Nat Med 65:282–
1304 292. [Link]
1305 Nabavi SF, Lorenzo A Di, Izadi M, et al (2015) Antibacterial Effects of Cinnamon: From Farm
1306 to Food, Cosmetic and Pharmaceutical Industries. Nutrients 7:7729–7748.
1307 [Link]
1308 Naderi Z, Mozaffari-Khosravi H, Dehghan A, et al (2016) Effect of ginger powder
1309 supplementation on nitric oxide and C-reactive protein in elderly knee osteoarthritis
1310 patients: A 12-week double-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial. J Tradit
1311 Complement Med 6:199–203. [Link]
1312 Nahin RL, Barnes PM, Stussman BJ, Bloom B (2009) Costs of complementary and alternative
1313 medicine (CAM) and frequency of visits to CAM practitioners: United States, 2007. Natl
1314 Health Stat Report 1–14
1315 Nahrstedt A, Schmidt M, Jäggi R, et al (2007) Willow bark extract: The contribution of
1316 polyphenols to the overall effect. Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 157:348–351.
1317 [Link]
1318 Narwade S, Bangar G, Sudrik A (2023) A review on herbal medicinal plants used in diabetic
1319 treatment. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 12:597–603
1320 Nasehi M, Sehhatie F, Zamanzadeh V, et al (2013) Comparison of the effectiveness of
1321 combination of fennel extract/vitamin E with ibuprofen on the pain intensity in students
1322 with primary dysmenorrhea. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 18:359
1323 Nasri S, Anoush M, Khatami N (2012) Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of
1324 fresh onion juice in experimental animals. African J Pharm Pharmacol 6:1679–1684.
1325 [Link]
1326 Nath P, Yadav AK (2015) Acute and sub-acute oral toxicity assessment of the methanolic extract
1327 from leaves of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis L. in mice. J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 4:70–73.
1328 [Link]
1329 National Academies of Sciences Engineering, Medicine, Division H, et al (2017) The Health
1330 Effects of Cannabis and Cannabinoids. National Academies Press (US)
1331 Natour J, Cazotti L de A, Ribeiro LH, et al (2014) Pilates improves pain, function and quality of
1332 life in patients with chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Rehabil
1333 29:59–68. [Link]
1334 Navarro M, Arnaez E, Moreira I, et al (2019) Polyphenolic Composition and Antioxidant
1335 Activity of Uncaria tomentosa Commercial Bark Products. Antioxidants 2019, Vol 8, Page
1336 339 8:339. [Link]

36
1337 Nayak BS, Pereira LP, Maharaj D (2007) Wound healing activity of Carica papaya L. in
1338 experimentally induced diabetic rats. Int. J. Exp. Biol. 739–743
1339 Nayak BS, Raju SS, Eversley M, Ramsubhag A (2009) Evaluation of wound healing activity of
1340 Lantana camara L. – a Preclinical study. Phyther Res 23:241–245.
1341 [Link]
1342 Nea F, Bitchi MB, Genva M, et al (2021) Phytochemical Investigation and Biological Activities
1343 of Lantana rhodesiensis. Mol 2021, Vol 26, Page 846 26:846.
1344 [Link]
1345 Neekhra S, Awasthi H, Singh DP (2021) Beneficial effects of sambucus nigra in chronic stress-
1346 induced neurobehavioral and biochemical perturbation in rodents. Pharmacogn J 13:155–
1347 161. [Link]
1348 Nerurkar P V, Johns LM, Buesa LM, et al (2011) Momordica charantia (bitter melon) attenuates
1349 high-fat diet-associated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. J Neuroinflammation 8:1–
1350 19. [Link]
1351 Nguyen GC, Croitoru K, Silverberg MS, et al (2016) Use of Complementary and Alternative
1352 Medicine for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Is Associated with Worse Adherence to
1353 Conventional Therapy: The COMPLIANT Study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 22:1412–1417.
1354 [Link]
1355 Nicolaus C, Junghanns S, Hartmann A, et al (2017) In vitro studies to evaluate the wound
1356 healing properties of Calendula officinalis extracts. J Ethnopharmacol 196:94–103.
1357 [Link]
1358 Nimesh S (2018) Herbal Drug is better than allopathic drug in the treatment of rheumatoid
1359 arthritis. Int J Pharmacogn 5:539–545
1360 Niu L-Y, Jiang S-T, Pan L-J, Pang M (2013) Characterization of Wheat Germ Oil in Terms of
1361 Volatile Compounds, Lipid Composition, Thermal Behavior, and Structure. Int J Food Prop
1362 16:1740–1749. [Link]
1363 Nonose N, Pereira JA, Machado PRM, et al (2014) Oral administration of curcumin (Curcuma
1364 longa) can attenuate the neutrophil inflammatory response in zymosan-induced arthritis in
1365 rats. Acta Cirúrgica Bras 29:727–734. [Link]
1366 Noroozian M, Raeesi S, Hashemi R, et al (2018) Pain: The neglect issue in old people’s life.
1367 Open Access Maced J Med Sci 6:1778. [Link]
1368 Noseda R, Burstein R (2013) Migraine pathophysiology: Anatomy of the trigeminovascular
1369 pathway and associated neurological symptoms, cortical spreading depression, sensitization,
1370 and modulation of pain. PAIN® 154:S44--S53. [Link]
1371 Nour AH, Yap SS, Nour AH, Nour AH (2017) Extraction And Chemical Compositions of
1372 Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Essential Oils As Cockroaches Repellent. Aust J Basic
1373 Appl Sci 11:1–8

37
1374 Nucci-Martins C, Martins DF, Nascimento LF, et al (2015) Ameliorative potential of
1375 standardized fruit extract of Pterodon pubescens Benth on neuropathic pain in mice:
1376 Evidence for the mechanisms of action. J Ethnopharmacol 175:273–286.
1377 [Link]
1378 Nugroho A, Heryani H, Choi JS, Park HJ (2017) Identification and quantification of flavonoids
1379 in Carica papaya leaf and peroxynitrite-scavenging activity. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed
1380 7:208–213. [Link]
1381 Obolskiy D, Pischel I, Feistel B, et al (2011) Artemisia dracunculus L. (Tarragon): A Critical
1382 Review of Its Traditional Use, Chemical Composition, Pharmacology, and Safety. J Agric
1383 Food Chem 59:11367–11384. [Link]
1384 Obrosova IG, Watcho P, Stavniichuk R, et al (2010) High-fat diet-induced neuropathy of
1385 prediabetes and obesity: Effect of PMI-5011, an ethanolic extract of artemisia dracunculus
1386 L. Mediators Inflamm 2010:. [Link]
1387 Olesen J (2018) Headache Classification Committee of the International Headache Society (IHS)
1388 The International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition, third edit. SAGE
1389 Publications
1390 Oliveira T, Figueiredo CA, Brito C, et al (2015) Allium cepa L. and quercetin inhibit RANKL/
1391 porphyromonas gingivalis LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis by downregulating NF- B
1392 signaling pathway. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med 2015:.
1393 [Link]
1394 Ondřej Hanuš L, Martin Meyer S, Eduardo Muñoz, et al (2016) Phytocannabinoids: a unified
1395 critical inventory. Nat Prod Rep 33:1357–1392. [Link]
1396 Or TCT, Yang CLH, Law AHY, et al (2011) Isolation and identification of anti-inflammatory
1397 constituents from Ligusticum chuanxiong and their underlying mechanisms of action on
1398 microglia. Neuropharmacology 60:823–831.
1399 [Link]
1400 Osayande AS, Mehulic S (2014) Diagnosis and Initial Management of Dysmenorrhea. Am Fam
1401 Physician 89:341–346
1402 Oso B, Abey N, Oyeleke O, Olowookere B (2018) Comparative Study of the in vitro Antioxidant
1403 Properties of Methanolic Extracts of Chromolaena odorata and Ageratum conyzoides used
1404 in Wound Healing. Int Ann Sci 6:8–12. [Link]
1405 Ovalle-Magallanes B, Déciga-Campos M, Mata R (2017) Antihyperalgesic activity of a
1406 mexicanolide isolated from Swietenia humilis extract in nicotinamide-streptozotocin
1407 hyperglycemic mice. Biomed Pharmacother 92:324–330.
1408 [Link]
1409 Owens C, Conaghan PG (2016) Improving joint pain and function in osteoarthritis . Practitioner
1410 260:17–20
1411 Pablo-Pérez SS, Parada-Cruz B, Barbier OC, Meléndez-Camargo ME (2018) The Ethanolic

38
1412 Extract of Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ort.) Sarg. Bark and Its Fractions Delay the
1413 Progression of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Show Antinociceptive Activity in Murine Models.
1414 Iran J Pharm Res IJPR 17:248
1415 Painkra VK, Jhariya MK, Raj A (2015) Assessment of knowledge of medicinal plants and their
1416 use in tribal region of Jashpur district of Chhattisgarh, India. J Appl Nat Sci 7:434–442.
1417 [Link]
1418 Pal P, Datta S, Basnett H, et al (2015) Phytochemical analysis of the whole plant of Mimosa
1419 pudica (Linn.). Univers J Pharm Sci Res 1:1–9
1420 Pan F, Chen L, Jiang Y, et al (2018) Bio-based UV protective films prepared with polylactic acid
1421 (PLA) and Phoebe zhennan extractives. Int J Biol Macromol 119:582–587.
1422 [Link]
1423 Panahi Y, Alishiri GH, Parvin S, Sahebkar A (2016) Mitigation of systemic oxidative stress by
1424 curcuminoids in osteoarthritis: results of a randomized controlled trial. J Diet Suppl 13:209–
1425 220. [Link]
1426 Pande MS, Pathak A (2010) Preliminary Pharmacognostic evaluations and Phytochemical
1427 studies on roots of Mimosa pudica (Lajvanti) . Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 1:50–52
1428 Pandey S, Walpole C, Shaw PN, et al (2018) Bio-Guided Fractionation of Papaya Leaf Juice for
1429 Delineating the Components Responsible for the Selective Anti-proliferative Effects on
1430 Prostate Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 9:1319. [Link]
1431 Panossian A, Wikman G (2010) Evidence-Based Efficacy of Adaptogens in Fatigue, and
1432 Molecular Mechanisms Related to their Stress-Protective Activity. Curr Clin Pharmacol
1433 4:198–219. [Link]
1434 Parada-Turska J, Rzeski W, … WZ-R, 2006 undefined Kynurenic acid, an endogenous
1435 constituent of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid, inhibits proliferation of synoviocytes in
1436 vitro. Springer
1437 Pareek A, Suthar M, Rathore GS, Bansal V (2011) Feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium L.): A
1438 systematic review. Pharmacogn Rev 5:103–110. [Link]
1439 Park SH, Kim SK, Shin IH, et al (2009) Effects of AIF on Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: Double-
1440 blind, Randomized Placebo-controlled Study. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 13:33–37.
1441 [Link]
1442 PastarIrena, StojadinovicOlivera, C. Y, et al (2014) Epithelialization in Wound Healing: A
1443 Comprehensive Review. Adv wound care 3:445–464.
1444 [Link]
1445 Patel A, Patel T, Macwan C, et al (2010) Evaluation of Anti inflammatory and Analgesic activity
1446 of roots of Rubia cordifolia in rats. J Pharm Sci Res 2:809–813
1447 Patil MVK, Kandhare AD, Bhise SD (2012) Anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory activity of
1448 Xanthium srtumarium L. ethanolic extract in Freund’s complete adjuvant induced arthritis.

39
1449 Biomed Aging Pathol 2:6–15. [Link]
1450 Patočka J, Jakl J (2010) Biomedically relevant chemical constituents of Valeriana officinalis. J
1451 Appl Biomed 8:11–18. [Link]
1452 Paul J, Khan S, Mahammed S, Asdaq B (2010) Wound healing evaluation of chloroform and
1453 methanolic extracts of mimosa pudica roots in rats. Int J Biol Med Res 1:223–227
1454 Pawar RS, Toppo FA, Mandloi AS, Shaikh S (2015) Exploring the role of curcumin containing
1455 ethanolic extract obtained from Curcuma longa (rhizomes) against retardation of wound
1456 healing process by aspirin. Indian J Pharmacol 47:160–166. [Link]
1457 7613.153422
1458 Pearce CF, Hansen WF (2012) Headache and neurological disease in pregnancy. Clin Obstet
1459 Gynecol 55:810–828. [Link]
1460 Peirs C, Seal RP (2016) Neural circuits for pain: Recent advances and current views. Science
1461 (80- ) 354:578–584. [Link]
1462 Peng W, Wang L, Qiu X, et al (2016) Therapeutic effects of Caragana pruinosa Kom. roots
1463 extract on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 191:1–8.
1464 [Link]
1465 Percival NJ (2002) Classification of Wounds and their Management. Surg 20:114–117.
1466 [Link]
1467 Pereira DF, Zanon RB, Dos Santos M, et al (2013) Antioxidant activities and triterpenoids
1468 isolated from Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze leaves. Nat Prod Res 27:1660–1663.
1469 [Link]
1470 Pertwee RG (2008) The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant
1471 cannabinoids: $Δ$9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and $Δ$9-tetrahydrocannabivarin.
1472 Br J Pharmacol 153:199–215. [Link]
1473 Pinheiro MMG, Miltojević AB, Radulović NS, et al (2015) Anti-Inflammatory Activity of
1474 Choisya ternata Kunth Essential Oil, Ternanthranin, and Its Two Synthetic Analogs (Methyl
1475 and Propyl N-Methylanthranilates). PLoS One 10:e0121063.
1476 [Link]
1477 Pinheiro MMG, Radulović NS, Miltojević AB, et al (2014) Antinociceptive esters of N-
1478 methylanthranilic acid: Mechanism of action in heat-mediated pain. Eur J Pharmacol
1479 727:106–114. [Link]
1480 Pljevljakušić D, Rančić D, Ristić M, et al (2012) Rhizome and root yield of the cultivated Arnica
1481 montana L., chemical composition and histochemical localization of essential oil. Ind Crops
1482 Prod 39:177–189. [Link]
1483 Posadzki P, Watson L, Ernst E (2013) Herb-drug interactions: an overview of systematic
1484 reviews. Br J Clin Pharmacol 75:603–618. [Link]
1485 2125.2012.04350.X

40
1486 Prakash Ojha B Role of Medicinal Plants in Wound Healing
1487 Prakash V, Jaiswal N, Srivastava M (2017) A review on medicinal properties of Centella
1488 asiatica. Asian J Pharm Clin Res 10:69–74.
1489 [Link]
1490 Pranay W, Priya S, Aparna S (2023) A Detailed Review of Various Herbal Treatment Options
1491 for Potentially Curing or Ameliorating Pain in Diabetic Neuropathy. Curr Tradit Med 9:1–
1492 18
1493 Prasad S, Aggarwal BB (2011) Turmeric, the Golden Spice. Herb Med Biomol Clin Asp Second
1494 Ed 263–288
1495 Prasad S, Tyagi AK, Aggarwal BB (2014) Recent developments in delivery, bioavailability,
1496 absorption and metabolism of curcumin: the golden pigment from golden spice. Cancer Res
1497 Treat 46:2–18. [Link]
1498 Prieto JM (2014) Update on the efficacy and safety of Petadolex &reg;, a butterbur extract for
1499 migraine prophylaxis. Bot Targets Ther 4:1–9. [Link]
1500 Pringsheim T, Davenport WJ, Mackie G, et al (2012) Canadian Headache Society guideline for
1501 migraine prophylaxis . Can J Neurol Sci 39:S1--S59
1502 Qnais EY, Abu-Dieyeh M, Abdulla FA, Abdalla SS (2010) The antinociceptive and anti-
1503 inflammatory effects of Salvia officinalis leaf aqueous and butanol extracts. Pharm Biol
1504 48:1149–1156. [Link]
1505 Qu J, Mélot C, Appelboom T (2017) Synofit Premium in Refractory Low Back Pain: A
1506 Retrospective Observational Study. Open J Rheumatol Autoimmune Dis 07:120–127.
1507 [Link]
1508 Quiñonez-Bastidas GN, Navarrete A (2021) Mexican Plants and Derivates Compounds as
1509 Alternative for Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain Treatment—A Review. Plants 10:865.
1510 [Link]
1511 Radfar S, Shahoie R, Noori B, et al (2018) Comparative Study on the Effect of Matricaria
1512 chamomile and Achillea millefolium Capsules on Primary Dysmenorrhea Intensity of
1513 Dormitory Students of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2018. J Pharm Res Int
1514 25:1–7. [Link]
1515 Radulović NS, Miltojević AB, McDermott M, et al (2011) Identification of a new
1516 antinociceptive alkaloid isopropyl N-methylanthranilate from the essential oil of Choisya
1517 ternata Kunth. J Ethnopharmacol 135:610–619. [Link]
1518 Radulović NS, Miltojević AB, Randjelović PJ, et al (2013) Effects of Methyl and Isopropyl N-
1519 methylanthranilates from Choisya ternata Kunth (Rutaceae) on Experimental Anxiety and
1520 Depression in Mice. Phyther Res 27:1334–1338. [Link]
1521 Rahmatullah M, Ferdausi D, Mollik MAH, et al (2010a) A survey of medicinal plants used by
1522 Kavirajes of Chalna area, Khulna district, Bangladesh. African J Tradit Complement Altern

41
1523 Med 7:91–97. [Link]
1524 Rahmatullah M, Kabir AABT, Rahman A, et al (2010b) Ethnomedicinal Practices among a
1525 Minority Group of Christians Residing in Mirzapur Village of Dinajpur District,
1526 Bangladesh. Adv Nat Appl Sci 4:45–51
1527 Rahnama P, Montazeri A, Huseini HF, et al (2012) Effect of Zingiber officinale R. Rhizomes
1528 (ginger) on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: A placebo randomized trial. BMC
1529 Complement Altern Med 12:. [Link]
1530 Rajapakse T, Davenport WJ (2019) Phytomedicines in the Treatment of Migraine. CNS Drugs
1531 33:399–415. [Link]
1532 Rajapakse T, Pringsheim T (2016) Nutraceuticals in Migraine: A Summary of Existing
1533 Guidelines for Use. Headache J Head Face Pain 56:808–816.
1534 [Link]
1535 Rajendran R, Hemalatha S, Akasakalai K, et al (2009) Hepatoprotective activity of Mimosa
1536 pudica leaves against Carbontetrachloride induced toxicity. J Nat Prod 2:116–122
1537 Ramadan G, Al-Kahtani MA, El-Sayed WM (2010) Anti-inflammatory and Anti-oxidant
1538 Properties of Curcuma longa (Turmeric) Versus Zingiber officinale (Ginger) Rhizomes in
1539 Rat Adjuvant-Induced Arthritis. Inflammation 34:291–301. [Link]
1540 010-9278-0
1541 Ramakanth GSH, Uday Kumar C, Kishan P V, Usharani P (2016) A randomized, double blind
1542 placebo controlled study of efficacy and tolerability of Withaina somnifera extracts in knee
1543 joint pain. J Ayurveda Integr Med 7:151–157. [Link]
1544 Ramalingam M, Yong-Ki P (2010) Free radical scavenging activities of Cnidium officinale
1545 Makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. methanolic extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 6:323–
1546 330. [Link]
1547 Rather MA, Dar BA, Sofi SN, et al (2016) Foeniculum vulgare: A comprehensive review of its
1548 traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arab J Chem 9:S1574--S1583.
1549 [Link]
1550 Ray D, Mukherjee S, Falchi M, et al Amelioration of myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury
1551 with Calendula officinalis. [Link]
1552 Re TA, Mooney D, Antignac E, et al (2009) Application of the threshold of toxicological
1553 concern approach for the safety evaluation of calendula flower (Calendula officinalis) petals
1554 and extracts used in cosmetic and personal care products. Food Chem Toxicol 47:1246–
1555 1254. [Link]
1556 Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, di Giacomo V, et al (2020) Anti-Inflammatory and Neuromodulatory
1557 Effects Induced by Tanacetum parthenium Water Extract: Results from In Silico, In Vitro
1558 and Ex Vivo Studies. Molecules 26:22. [Link]
1559 Rehman H, Begum W, Anjum F, et al (2015) Effect of rhubarb (Rheum emodi) in primary

42
1560 dysmenorrhoea: a single-blind randomized controlled trial. J Complement Integr Med
1561 12:61–69. [Link]
1562 Rehman H, Begum W, Anjum F, Tabasum H (2014) Rheum emodi (Rhubarb): A Fascinating
1563 Herb. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 3:89–94
1564 Reza SM, Hamideh H, Zahra S (2015) The Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of
1565 Artemisia dracunculus L. Aqueous Extract on Fructose Fed Male Rats. Evid Based
1566 Complement Alternat Med 2015:. [Link]
1567 Rios J, Passe MM (2004) Evidenced-Based Use of Botanicals, Minerals, and Vitamins in the
1568 Prophylactic Treatment of Migraines. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 16:251–256.
1569 [Link]
1570 Ristic M, Krivokuca-Djokic D, Radanovic D, Nastovski T (2007) Essential oil of Arnica
1571 montana and Arnica chamissonis. Hem Ind 61:272–277.
1572 [Link]
1573 Robles-Zepeda RE, Valenzuela-Antelo O, Garibay-Escobar A, et al (2011) Use of
1574 Complementary and Alternative Medicine in a Region of Northwest Mexico. J Altern
1575 Complement Med 17:787–788. [Link]
1576 Rocha-González HI, Blaisdell-López E, Granados-Soto V, Navarrete A (2010) Antinociceptive
1577 effect of 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalin isolated from Heterotheca inuloides: Role of
1578 peripheral 5-HT1 serotonergic receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 649:154–160.
1579 [Link]
1580 Rocha-González HI, Ramírez-Aguilar M, Granados-Soto V, et al (2014) Antineuropathic effect
1581 of 7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydrocadalin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rodents. BMC
1582 Complement Altern Med 14:1–12. [Link]
1583 Rodrigues MRA, Kanazawa LKS, Neves TLMH Das, et al (2012) Antinociceptive and anti-
1584 inflammatory potential of extract and isolated compounds from the leaves of Salvia
1585 officinalis in mice. J Ethnopharmacol 139:519–526.
1586 [Link]
1587 Rodríguez-Chávez JL, Egas V, Linares E, et al (2017) Mexican Arnica (Heterotheca inuloides
1588 Cass. Asteraceae: Astereae): Ethnomedical uses, chemical constituents and biological
1589 properties. J Ethnopharmacol 195:39–63. [Link]
1590 Rodríguez-Chávez JL, Rufino-González Y, Ponce-Macotela M, Delgado G (2015) In vitro
1591 activity of ‘Mexican Arnica’ Heterotheca inuloides Cass natural products and some
1592 derivatives against Giardia intestinalis. Parasitology 142:576–584.
1593 [Link]
1594 Rog DJ, Nurmikko TJ, Young CA (2007) Oromucosal Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol/cannabidiol for
1595 neuropathic pain associated with multiple sclerosis: An uncontrolled, open-label, 2-year
1596 extension trial. Clin Ther 29:2068–2079.
1597 [Link]

43
1598 Rosengren A (2008) Psychology in chest pain. Heart 94:266–267.
1599 [Link]
1600 Ross SM (2011) Clinical applications of integrative therapies for prevention and treatment of
1601 migraine headaches. Holist Nurs Pract 25:49–52.
1602 [Link]
1603 Ruigómez A, Rodríguez LAG, Wallander M-A, et al (2006) Chest pain in general practice:
1604 incidence, comorbidity and mortality. Fam Pract 23:167–174.
1605 [Link]
1606 Russell MB, Ducros A (2011) Sporadic and familial hemiplegic migraine: pathophysiological
1607 mechanisms, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and management. Lancet Neurol 10:457–
1608 470. [Link]
1609 Russo AF (2015) Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP): A New Target for Migraine. Annu
1610 Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 55:533–552. [Link]
1611 010814-124701
1612 Russo E, Guy GW (2006) A tale of two cannabinoids: The therapeutic rationale for combining
1613 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol. Med Hypotheses 66:234–246.
1614 [Link]
1615 Russo EB (2008) Cannabinoids in the management of difficult to treat pain. Ther Clin Risk
1616 Manag 4:245–259. [Link]
1617 Russo EB, Jiang H-E, Li X, et al (2008) Phytochemical and genetic analyses of ancient cannabis
1618 from Central Asia. J Exp Bot 59:4171–4182. [Link]
1619 S. Bisen P, Emerald M (2016) Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Garlic and Onion (Allium
1620 sp.). Curr Nutr Food Sci 12:190–199
1621 Saddiqe Z, Naeem I, ethnopharmacology AM-J of, 2010 undefined A review of the antibacterial
1622 activity of Hypericum perforatum L. Elsevier
1623 Saeidnia S, Gohari AR, Mokhber-Dezfuli N, Kiuchi F (2011) A review on phytochemistry and
1624 medicinal properties of the genus Achillea. Daru 19:186
1625 Safakhah HA, Taghavi T, Rashidy-Pour A, et al (2016) Effects of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)
1626 Stigma Extract and its Active Constituent Crocin on Neuropathic Pain Responses in a Rat
1627 Model of Chronic Constriction Injury. Iran J Pharm Res IJPR 15:261
1628 Safdari Dehcheshmeh F, Parvin N (2016) The effect of mefenamic acid and melissa officinalis
1629 on primary dysmenorrhea: A randomized clinical trial study. Int J Pharmacogn Phytochem
1630 Res 8:1286–1292
1631 Sagar NA, Pareek S, Gonzalez-Aguilar GA (2020) Quantification of flavonoids, total phenols
1632 and antioxidant properties of onion skin: a comparative study of fifteen Indian cultivars. J
1633 Food Sci Technol 57:2423–2432. [Link]

44
1634 Saikia I, Hazarika M, Tamuly C (2015) Synthesis, characterization of bio-derived ZnO
1635 nanoparticles and its catalytic activity. Mater Lett 161:29–32.
1636 [Link]
1637 Salehi B, Albayrak S, Antolak H, et al (2018) Aloe Genus Plants: From Farm to Food
1638 Applications and Phytopharmacotherapy. Int J Mol Sci 19:2843.
1639 [Link]
1640 Salmalian H, Saghebi R, Moghadamnia AA, et al (2014) Comparative effect of thymus vulgaris
1641 and ibuprofen on primary dysmenorrhea: A triple-blind clinical study. Casp J Intern Med
1642 5:88
1643 Samani RO, Hashiani AA, Razavi M, et al (2018) The prevalence of menstrual disorders in Iran:
1644 A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Reprod Biomed 16:678
1645 Sanadgol N, Zahedani SS, Sharifzadeh M, et al (2017) Recent Updates in Imperative Natural
1646 Compounds for Healthy Brain and Nerve Function: A Systematic Review of Implications
1647 for Multiple Sclerosis. Curr Drug Targets 18:1499–1517.
1648 [Link]
1649 Sánchez-Reus MI, Gómez del Rio MA, Iglesias I, et al (2007) Standardized Hypericum
1650 perforatum reduces oxidative stress and increases gene expression of antioxidant enzymes
1651 on rotenone-exposed rats. Neuropharmacology 52:606–616.
1652 [Link]
1653 Sangsoy K, Mongkolporn O, Imsabai W, Luengwilai K (2017) Papaya carotenoids increased in
1654 Oxisols soils. Agric Nat Resour 51:253–261. [Link]
1655 Santana LF, Inada AC, Santo BLS do E, et al (2019) Nutraceutical Potential of Carica papaya in
1656 Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients 11:1608. [Link]
1657 Santi L, Farina G, Gramenzi A, et al (2016) The HEART score with high-sensitive troponin T at
1658 presentation: ruling out patients with chest pain in the emergency room. Intern Emerg Med
1659 12:357–364. [Link]
1660 Sasaki K, El Omri A, Kondo S, et al (2013) Rosmarinus officinalis polyphenols produce anti-
1661 depressant like effect through monoaminergic and cholinergic functions modulation. Behav
1662 Brain Res 238:86–94. [Link]
1663 Savo V, La Rocca A, Caneva G, et al (2013) Plants used in artisanal fisheries on the Western
1664 Mediterranean coasts of Italy. J Ethnobiol Ethnomed 9:1–14. [Link]
1665 4269-9-9
1666 Scher AI, Bigal ME, Lipton RB (2005) Comorbidity of migraine. Curr Opin Neurol 18:305–310.
1667 [Link]
1668 Schröder G, Kundt G, Otte M, et al (2016) Impact of pregnancy on back pain and body posture
1669 in women. J Phys Ther Sci 28:1199–1207. [Link]
1670 Schulte LH, Jürgens TP, May A (2015) Photo, osmo- and phonophobia in the premonitory phase

45
1671 of migraine: mistaking symptoms for triggers? J Headache Pain 16:1–5.
1672 [Link]
1673 Schulte LH, May A (2016) The migraine generator revisited: continuous scanning of the
1674 migraine cycle over 30 days and three spontaneous attacks. Brain 139:1987–1993.
1675 [Link]
1676 Sciences VE-AJ of P, 2010 undefined Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) the underutilized and
1677 neglected crop: a review. [Link]
1678 Scurrah A, Shiner CT, Stevens JA, Faux SG (2018) Regional nerve blockade for early analgesic
1679 management of elderly patients with hip fracture – a narrative review. Anaesthesia 73:769–
1680 783. [Link]
1681 Segura L, Freixa B, Ringbom T, et al (2000) Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Dichloromethane
1682 Extract of Heterotheca inuloides in Vivo and in Vitro. Planta Med 66:553–555.
1683 [Link]
1684 Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen AM (2015) Gingerols and shogaols: Important
1685 nutraceutical principles from ginger. Phytochemistry 117:554–568.
1686 [Link]
1687 Sendl A (1995) Allium sativum and Allium ursinum: Part 1 Chemistry, analysis, history, botany .
1688 Phytomedicine 1:323–339. [Link]
1689 Sengupta K, Krishnaraju A V, Vishal AA, et al (2010) Comparative Efficacy and Tolerability of
1690 5-Loxin®and Aflapin®Against Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Double Blind, Randomized,
1691 Placebo Controlled Clinical Study. Int J Med Sci 7:377. [Link]
1692 Serpell M, Ratcliffe S, Hovorka J, et al (2014) A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled,
1693 parallel group study of THC/CBD spray in peripheral neuropathic pain treatment. Eur J Pain
1694 18:999–1012. [Link]
1695 Sewall GK, Robertson KM, Connor NP, et al (2003) Effect of Topical Mitomycin on Skin
1696 Wound Contraction. Arch Facial Plast Surg 5:59–62.
1697 [Link]
1698 Shafeie N, Naini AT, Jahromi HK (2015) Comparison of different concentrations of calendula
1699 officinalis gel on cutaneous wound healing. Biomed Pharmacol J 8:979–992.
1700 [Link]
1701 Shakeri A, Sahebkar A, Javadi B (2016) Melissa officinalis L. – A review of its traditional uses,
1702 phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol 188:204–228.
1703 [Link]
1704 Shang JH, Cai XH, Feng T, et al (2010) Pharmacological evaluation of Alstonia scholaris: Anti-
1705 inflammatory and analgesic effects. J Ethnopharmacol 129:174–181.
1706 [Link]
1707 Shara M, Stohs SJ (2015) Efficacy and Safety of White Willow Bark (Salix alba) Extracts.

46
1708 Phyther Res 29:1112–1116. [Link]
1709 Sharma H, Chauhan P, Singh S (2018) Evaluation of the anti-arthritic activity of Cinnamomum
1710 cassia bark extract in experimental models. Integr Med Res 7:366–373.
1711 [Link]
1712 Sharma ML, Bani S, Singh GB (1989) Anti-arthritic activity of boswellic acids in bovine serum
1713 albumin (BSA)-induced arthritis. Int J Immunopharmacol 11:647–652.
1714 [Link]
1715 Sharma RK, Samhita C, Volume-III C (2013) Chowkhamba Sanskrit series office. Varanasi
1716 India1998
1717 Sharma S, Arif M, Nirala RK, et al (2016) Cumulative therapeutic effects of phytochemicals in
1718 Arnica montana flower extract alleviated collagen-induced arthritis: inhibition of both pro-
1719 inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress. J Sci Food Agric 96:1500–1510.
1720 [Link]
1721 Sharma S, Gupta R, Thakur SC (2014) Attenuation of Collagen Induced Arthritis by Centella
1722 asiatica Methanol Fraction via Modulation of Cytokines and Oxidative Stress. Biomed
1723 Environ Sci 27:926–938. [Link]
1724 Sharma S, Sahu D, Das HR, Sharma D (2011) Amelioration of collagen-induced arthritis by
1725 Salix nigra bark extract via suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress.
1726 Food Chem Toxicol 49:3395–3406. [Link]
1727 Shashank D, Rajendra S V, Mistry A (2017) An overview of Phytoconstituents and
1728 Pharmacological Activities of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. J Pharm Res 16:307–313
1729 Shen HM, Chen C, Jiang JY, et al (2017) The N-butyl alcohol extract from Hibiscus rosa-
1730 sinensis L. flowers enhances healing potential on rat excisional wounds. J Ethnopharmacol
1731 198:291–301. [Link]
1732 Shimizu T, Takahata M, Kameda Y, et al (2015) Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin
1733 15 (Siglec-15) mediates periarticular bone loss, but not joint destruction, in murine antigen-
1734 induced arthritis. Bone 79:65–70. [Link]
1735 Shishodia S, Sethi G, Aggarwal BB (2005) Curcumin: getting back to the roots. Ann N Y Acad
1736 Sci 1056:206–217. [Link]
1737 Shu D, He J, Chen J (2009) Neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of Chuanxiong Chatiao
1738 pulvis against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity in mice model of Parkinson’s
1739 disease. China J Chinese Mater Medica 34:2494–2497
1740 Siddiqui MZ (2011) Boswellia serrata, a potential antiinflammatory agent: an overview. Indian J
1741 Pharm Sci 73:255–261. [Link]
1742 Simón-Arceo K, González-Trujano ME, Coffeen U, et al (2017) Neuropathic and inflammatory
1743 antinociceptive effects and electrocortical changes produced by Salvia divinorum in rats. J
1744 Ethnopharmacol 206:115–124. [Link]

47
1745 Simon LS (2012) Relieving pain in America: A blueprint for transforming prevention, care,
1746 education, and research. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 26:197–198.
1747 [Link]
1748 Singh D, Aggarwal A, Maurya R, Naik S (2007) Withania somnifera inhibits NF-κB and AP-1
1749 transcription factors in human peripheral blood and synovial fluid mononuclear cells.
1750 Phyther Res 21:905–913. [Link]
1751 Singh H, Arora R, Arora S, Singh B (2017) Ameliorative potential of Alstonia scholaris (Linn.)
1752 R. Br. against chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain in rats. BMC
1753 Complement Altern Med 17:. [Link]
1754 Singh N, Bhalla M, de Jager P, Gilca M (2011) An Overview on Ashwagandha: A Rasayana
1755 (Rejuvenator) of Ayurveda. African J Tradit Complement Altern Med 8:213.
1756 [Link]
1757 Singh RK, Rai D, Yadav D, et al (2010) Synthesis, antibacterial and antiviral properties of
1758 curcumin bioconjugates bearing dipeptide, fatty acids and folic acid. Eur J Med Chem
1759 45:1078–1086. [Link]
1760 Singh SP, Kumar S, Mathan S V, et al (2020) Therapeutic application of Carica papaya leaf
1761 extract in the management of human diseases. DARU J Pharm Sci 28:735–744.
1762 [Link]
1763 Sinnathambi A, Mazumder PM, Ashok P, Narayanan LS (2007) In Vitro Antioxidant and Free
1764 Radical Scavenging Activity of Alstonia scholaris Linn. [Link].,. Iran J Pharmacol Ther
1765 6:190–191
1766 Sivasothy Y, Chong WK, Hamid A, et al (2011) Essential oils of Zingiber officinale var. rubrum
1767 Theilade and their antibacterial activities. Food Chem 124:514–517.
1768 [Link]
1769 Soliman MM, Hyrich KL, Lunt M, et al (2012) Effectiveness of rituximab in patients with
1770 rheumatoid arthritis: observational study from the British Society for Rheumatology
1771 Biologics Register. J Rheumatol 39:240–246. [Link]
1772 Solomon DH, Husni ME, Wolski KE, et al (2018) Differences in Safety of Nonsteroidal
1773 Antiinflammatory Drugs in Patients With Osteoarthritis and Patients With Rheumatoid
1774 Arthritis: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Arthritis Rheumatol (Hoboken, NJ) 70:537–546.
1775 [Link]
1776 Somboonwong J, Kankaisre M, Tantisira B, Tantisira MH (2012) Wound healing activities of
1777 different extracts of Centella asiatica in incision and burn wound models: an experimental
1778 animal study. BMC Complement Altern Med 12:1–7. [Link]
1779 12-103
1780 Sommer C (2016) Exploring pain pathophysiology in patients. Science (80- ) 354:588–592.
1781 [Link]
1782 Sommer C, Kress M (2004) Recent findings on how proinflammatory cytokines cause pain:

48
1783 peripheral mechanisms in inflammatory and neuropathic hyperalgesia. Neurosci Lett
1784 361:184–187. [Link]
1785 Song M, Huai B, Shi Z, et al (2023) The efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine in the
1786 treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front
1787 Pharmacol 14:1072991. [Link]
1788 Sotnikova R, Bauerova K, Ponist S, et al (2009) Effects of sesame oil in the model of adjuvant
1789 arthritis Evaluation of polyphenols in arthritis treatment View project Comparison of the
1790 effects of different phytochemical extracts from Citrus on the regulation of inflammation
1791 and improvement of clinical . Neuroendocrinol Lett 30:300709–300710
1792 Souto-Maior FN, da Fonsêca DV, Salgado PRR, et al (2016) Antinociceptive and anticonvulsant
1793 effects of the monoterpene linalool oxide. Pharm Biol 55:63–67.
1794 [Link]
1795 Souza JSN, Machado LL, Pessoa ODL, et al (2005) Pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Heliotropium
1796 indicum. J Braz Chem Soc 16:1410–1414. [Link]
1797 50532005000800019
1798 Sowmya A, Ananthi T (2011) Hypolipidemic activity of Mimosa pudica Linn on Butter Induced
1799 Hyperlipidemia in Rats. Asian J Res Pharm Sci 1:123–126
1800 Sparks JA, Karlson EW (2016) The roles of cigarette smoking and the lung in the transitions
1801 between phases of preclinical rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 18:1–17.
1802 [Link]
1803 Spindola HM, Servat L, Rodrigues RAF, et al (2011) Geranylgeraniol and 6α,7β-
1804 dihydroxyvouacapan-17β-oate methyl ester isolated from Pterodon pubescens Benth.:
1805 Further investigation on the antinociceptive mechanisms of action. Eur J Pharmacol
1806 656:45–51. [Link]
1807 Sritoomma N, Moyle W, Cooke M, O’Dwyer S (2014) The effectiveness of Swedish massage
1808 with aromatic ginger oil in treating chronic low back pain in older adults: A randomized
1809 controlled trial. Complement Ther Med 22:26–33.
1810 [Link]
1811 Srivastava JK, Shankar E, Gupta S (2010a) Chamomile: A herbal medicine of the past with a
1812 bright future (Review). Mol Med Rep 3:895–901. [Link]
1813 Srivastava R, Ahmed H, Dixit RK, et al (2010b) Crocus sativus L.: A comprehensive review.
1814 Pharmacogn Rev 4:200. [Link]
1815 Stevens CJ, Murphy C, Roberts R, et al (2016) Between China and South Asia: A Middle Asian
1816 corridor of crop dispersal and agricultural innovation in the Bronze Age. The Holocene
1817 26:1541–1555. [Link]
1818 Stovner LJ, Hagen K, Jensen R, et al (2007) The global burden of headache: a documentation of
1819 headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia 27:193–210.
1820 [Link]

49
1821 Stovner LJ, Nichols E, Steiner TJ, et al (2018) Global, regional, and national burden of migraine
1822 and tension-type headache, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of
1823 Disease Study 2016. Lancet Neurol 17:954–976. [Link]
1824 4422(18)30322-3
1825 Straube A, Andreou A (2019) Primary headaches during lifespan. J Headache Pain 20:1–14.
1826 [Link]
1827 Strodtbeck F (2001) Physiology of wound healing. Newborn Infant Nurs Rev 1:43–52.
1828 [Link]
1829 Sugier D, Sugier P, Kowalski R, et al (2017) Foliar boron fertilization as factor affecting the
1830 essential oil content and yield of oil components from flower heads of Arnica montana L.
1831 and Arnica chamissonis Less. cultivated for industry. Ind Crops Prod 109:587–597.
1832 [Link]
1833 Sultan C, Gaspari L, Paris F (2012) Adolescent Dysmenorrhea. Endocr Dev 22:171–180.
1834 [Link]
1835 Sumantran VN, Joshi AK, Boddul S, et al (2011) Antiarthritic Activity of a Standardized,
1836 Multiherbal, Ayurvedic Formulation containing Boswellia serrata: In Vitro Studies on Knee
1837 Cartilage from Osteoarthritis Patients. Phyther Res 25:1375–1380.
1838 [Link]
1839 Sun-Edelstein C, Mauskop A (2011) Alternative Headache Treatments: Nutraceuticals,
1840 Behavioral and Physical Treatments. Headache J Head Face Pain 51:469–483.
1841 [Link]
1842 Sun X, He C, Yang X, et al (2015) Isoflavones and pterocarpans from Caragana changduensis.
1843 Biochem Syst Ecol 61:516–519. [Link]
1844 Süntar IP, Akkol EK, Yilmazer D, et al (2010) Investigations on the in vivo wound healing
1845 potential of Hypericum perforatum L. J Ethnopharmacol 127:468–477.
1846 [Link]
1847 Swadron SP (2010) Pitfalls in the Management of Headache in the Emergency Department.
1848 Emerg Med Clin 28:127–147. [Link]
1849 Tachjian A, Maria V, Jahangir A (2010) Use of herbal products and potential interactions in
1850 patients with cardiovascular diseases. J Am Coll Cardiol 55:515–525.
1851 [Link]
1852 Takeoka GR, Dao L, Harden L, et al (2013) Antioxidant activity, phenolic and anthocyanin
1853 contents of various rhubarb (Rheum spp.) varieties. Int J Food Sci Technol 48:172–178.
1854 [Link]
1855 Tassorelli C, Greco R, Morazzoni P, et al (2016) Parthenolide is the Component of Tanacetum
1856 Parthenium that Inhibits Nitroglycerin-Induced Fos Activation: Studies in an Animal Model
1857 of Migraine: Cephalalgia 25:612–621. [Link]

50
1858 Tavakkoli A, Ahmadi A, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H (2017) Black Seed (Nigella Sativa) and
1859 its Constituent Thymoquinone as an Antidote or a Protective Agent Against Natural or
1860 Chemical Toxicities. Iran J Pharm Res IJPR 16:2
1861 Taylor FR (2011) Nutraceuticals and Headache: The Biological Basis. Headache J Head Face
1862 Pain 51:484–501. [Link]
1863 Teixeira EMB, Carvalho MRB, Neves VA, et al (2014) Chemical characteristics and
1864 fractionation of proteins from Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves. Food Chem 147:51–54.
1865 [Link]
1866 Thakur R, Jain N, Pathak R, Sandhu SS (2011) Practices in wound healing studies of plants.
1867 Evidence-based Complement Altern Med 2011:. [Link]
1868 Thiagarajan VRK, Shanmugam P, Krishnan UM, et al (2012a) Ameliorative potential of Butea
1869 monosperma on chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve induced neuropathic pain in rats.
1870 An Acad Bras Cienc 84:1091–1104. [Link]
1871 Thiagarajan VRK, Shanmugam P, Krishnan UM, et al (2012b) Antinociceptive effect of Butea
1872 monosperma on vincristine-induced neuropathic pain model in rats:
1873 [Link] 29:3–13.
1874 [Link]
1875 Thirumalai T, Elumalai EK, Therasa SV, et al (2010) Ethnobotanical Survey of Folklore Plants
1876 for the Treatment of Jaundice and Snakebites in Vellore Districts of Tamilnadu, India.
1877 Ethnobot Leafl 2010:
1878 Thole JM, Kraft TFB, Sueiro LA, et al (2007) A Comparative Evaluation of the Anticancer
1879 Properties of European and American Elderberry Fruits. J Med Food 9:498–504.
1880 [Link]
1881 Thomas J (1997) Herbal medicines. Aust. J. Pharm. 78:1289–1293
1882 Tian J, Zhao Y, Liu Y, et al (2017) Roles and Mechanisms of Herbal Medicine for Diabetic
1883 Cardiomyopathy: Current Status and Perspective. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017:.
1884 [Link]
1885 Tlacomulco-Flores LL, Déciga-Campos M, González-Trujano ME, et al (2020) Antinociceptive
1886 effects of Salvia divinorum and bioactive salvinorins in experimental pain models in mice. J
1887 Ethnopharmacol 248:112276. [Link]
1888 Togola A, Diallo D, Dembélé S, et al (2005) Ethnopharmacological survey of different uses of
1889 seven medicinal plants from Mali, (West Africa) in the regions Doila, Kolokani and Siby. J
1890 Ethnobiol Ethnomed 1:1–9. [Link]
1891 Topoľská D, Valachová K, Rapta P, et al (2015) Antioxidative properties of Sambacus nigra
1892 extracts. Chem Pap 69:1202–1210. [Link]
1893 Treede R-D, Jensen TS, Campbell JN, et al (2008) Neuropathic pain: redefinition and a grading
1894 system for clinical and research purposes. Neurology 70:1630–1635.

51
1895 [Link]
1896 Treede R-D, Rief W, Barke A, et al (2015) A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain
1897 156:1007. [Link]
1898 Tricco AC, Lillie E, Zarin W, et al (2018) PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-
1899 ScR): Checklist and Explanation. Ann Intern Med 169:467–473.
1900 [Link]
1901 Tulsulkar J, Shah ZA (2013) Ginkgo biloba prevents transient global ischemia-induced delayed
1902 hippocampal neuronal death through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanism.
1903 Neurochem Int 62:189–197. [Link]
1904 Ueda H (2008) Peripheral mechanisms of neuropathic pain – involvement of lysophosphatidic
1905 acid receptor-mediated demyelination. Mol Pain 4:1–13. [Link]
1906 4-11
1907 Ulbricht C, Basch E, Cheung L, et al (2014) An Evidence-Based Systematic Review of
1908 Elderberry and Elderflower (Sambucus nigra) by the Natural Standard Research
1909 Collaboration. J Diet Suppl 11:80–120. [Link]
1910 Ullah MO, Haque M, Urmi KF, et al (2013) Anti–bacterial activity and brine shrimp lethality
1911 bioassay of methanolic extracts of fourteen different edible vegetables from Bangladesh.
1912 Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 3:1–7. [Link]
1913 Ullah R, Ahmad S, Atiq A, et al (2015) Quantification and antibacterial activity of flavonoids in
1914 coffee samples. African J Tradit Complement Altern Med 12:84–86.
1915 [Link]
1916 Umar S, Umar K, Sarwar AHMG, et al (2014) Boswellia serrata extract attenuates inflammatory
1917 mediators and oxidative stress in collagen induced arthritis. Phytomedicine 21:847–856.
1918 [Link]
1919 Umar S, Zargan J, Umar K, et al (2012) Modulation of the oxidative stress and inflammatory
1920 cytokine response by thymoquinone in the collagen induced arthritis in Wistar rats. Chem
1921 Biol Interact 197:40–46. [Link]
1922 Upadhyay RK (2017) Nutritional and Therapeutic Potential of Allium Vegetables. J Nutr Ther
1923 6:18–37. [Link]
1924 Uttra AM, Alamgeer, Shahzad M, et al (2019) Ribes orientale: A novel therapeutic approach
1925 targeting rheumatoid arthritis with reference to pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory
1926 enzymes and anti-inflammatory cytokines. J Ethnopharmacol 237:92–107.
1927 [Link]
1928 Vaillancourt F, Silva P, Shi Q, et al (2011) Elucidation of molecular mechanisms underlying the
1929 protective effects of thymoquinone against rheumatoid arthritis. J Cell Biochem 112:107–
1930 117. [Link]
1931 Valerio M, Awad AB (2011) β-Sitosterol down-regulates some pro-inflammatory signal

52
1932 transduction pathways by increasing the activity of tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in J774A.1
1933 murine macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 11:1012–1017.
1934 [Link]
1935 Van Breemen RB, Tao Y, Li W (2011) Cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in ginger (Zingiber
1936 officinale). Fitoterapia 82:38–43. [Link]
1937 Van Hecke O, Austin SK, Khan RA, et al (2014) Neuropathic pain in the general population: A
1938 systematic review of epidemiological studies. Pain 155:654–662.
1939 [Link]
1940 Vazzana M, Andreani T, Fangueiro J, et al (2015) Tramadol hydrochloride: Pharmacokinetics,
1941 pharmacodynamics, adverse side effects, co-administration of drugs and new drug delivery
1942 systems. Biomed Pharmacother 70:234–238.
1943 [Link]
1944 Venkatachalam T, Kumar VK, Selvi PK, et al (2011) Physicochemical and preliminary
1945 phytochemical studies on the Lantana camara (L.) fruits. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 3:52–54
1946 Venkatesh S, Fitoterapia JT-, 2008 undefined Anti-diabetic activity of flowers of Hibiscus
1947 rosasinensis. Elsevier
1948 Viana M, Sances G, Ghiotto N, et al (2015) Variability of the characteristics of a migraine attack
1949 within patients: Cephalalgia 36:825–830. [Link]
1950 Vikram P, Malvi R, Jain DK (2012) Evaluation Of Analgesic And Anti-Inflammatory Potential
1951 Of Mimosa pudica Linn. Int J Curr Pharm Res 4:47–50
1952 Villa-Rodriguez JA, Aydin E, Gauer JS, et al (2017) Green and Chamomile Teas, but not
1953 Acarbose, Attenuate Glucose and Fructose Transport via Inhibition of GLUT2 and GLUT5.
1954 Mol Nutr Food Res 61:1700566. [Link]
1955 Volta GD, Zavarize P, Ngonga GF, Carli D (2016) Ultramicronized palmitoylethanolamide
1956 reduces frequency and pain intensity in migraine. A pilot study. Int J Neurol Brain Disord
1957 3:1–5. [Link]
1958 Vongsak B, Sithisarn P, Gritsanapan W (2014) Simultaneous HPLC Quantitative Analysis of
1959 Active Compounds in Leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. J Chromatogr Sci 52:641–645.
1960 [Link]
1961 Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, et al (2012) Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160
1962 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global
1963 Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 380:2163–2196. [Link]
1964 6736(12)61729-2
1965 Voukeng IK, Beng VP, Kuete V (2016) Antibacterial activity of six medicinal Cameroonian
1966 plants against Gram-positive and Gram-negative multidrug resistant phenotypes. BMC
1967 Complement Altern Med 2016 161 16:1–9. [Link]
1968 Vulić JJ, Vračar LO, Šumić ZM (2008) Chemical characteristics of cultivated elderberry fruit.

53
1969 Acta Period Technol 39:1–212. [Link]
1970 Waggas AM, Balawi AE (2008) Neurophysiological Study on Possible Protective Effect of
1971 Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis) Leaves Extract in Male Albino Rats Treated with
1972 Acrylamide. J Sci Res 3:163–171
1973 Wahab IRA, Wong NSH, Boylan F (2012) Choisyaternatine, a New Alkaloid Isolated from
1974 Choisya ternata. Planta Med 78:1597–1600. [Link]
1975 Wang H, Zhang C, Wu Y, et al (2014) Comparative pharmacokinetic study of two boswellic
1976 acids in normal and arthritic rat plasma after oral administration of Boswellia serrata extract
1977 or Huo Luo Xiao Ling Dan by LC-MS. Biomed Chromatogr 28:1402–1408.
1978 [Link]
1979 Wang S-J, Wang P-J, Wang Y-F, et al (2017) Medical Treatment Guidelines for Preventive
1980 Treatment of Migraine. Acta Neurol Taiwan 26:
1981 Wang T, Liu B, Zhang W, et al (2004) Andrographolide Reduces Inflammation-Mediated
1982 Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration in Mesencephalic Neuron-Glia Cultures by Inhibiting
1983 Microglial Activation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 308:975–983.
1984 [Link]
1985 Wang ZY, Shi SY, Li SJ, et al (2015) Efficacy and Safety of Duloxetine on Osteoarthritis Knee
1986 Pain: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Pain Med 16:1373–1385.
1987 [Link]
1988 Webster R, Norman P, Goodacre S, et al (2014) Illness representations, psychological distress
1989 and non-cardiac chest pain in patients attending an emergency department. Psychol Health
1990 29:1265–1282. [Link]
1991 Wegener T, Lüpke NP (2003) Treatment of patients with arthrosis of hip or knee with an
1992 aqueous extract of Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens DC.). Phyther Res 17:1165–
1993 1172. [Link]
1994 Weick JW, Bawa HS, Dirschl DR (2016) Hyaluronic Acid Injections for Treatment of Advanced
1995 Osteoarthritis of the Knee: Utilization and Cost in a National Population Sample. J bone Jt
1996 Surg 98:1429–1435. [Link]
1997 Weiner DK, Ernst E (2004) Complementary and alternative approaches to the treatment of
1998 persistent musculoskeletal pain. Clin J Pain 20:244–255. [Link]
1999 200407000-00006
2000 Wen-xiang W, Ming GU, Xiao-gang J, et al (2002) Studies on chemical constituents of
2001 Ligusticum chuanxiong. Chinese Tradit Herb Drugs 33:4–5
2002 Weremczuk-Jeżyna I, Wysokińska H, Kalemba D (2011) Constituents of the Essential Oil from
2003 Hairy Roots and Plant Roots of Arnica montana L.
2004 [Link] 23:91–97.
2005 [Link]

54
2006 Williams ACDC, Craig KD (2016) Updating the definition of pain. Pain 157:2420–2423.
2007 [Link]
2008 Williams VL, Victor JE, Crouch NR (2013) Red Listed medicinal plants of South Africa: Status,
2009 trends, and assessment challenges. South African J Bot 86:23–35.
2010 [Link]
2011 Winter RW, Korzenik JR (2017) The Practical Pros and Cons of Complementary and Alternative
2012 Medicine in Practice: Integrating Complementary and Alternative Medicine into Clinical
2013 Care. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 46:907–916. [Link]
2014 Wölfle U, Seelinger G, Schempp CM (2013) Topical Application of St. Johnʼs Wort (Hypericum
2015 perforatum). Planta Med 80:109–120. [Link]
2016 Woolf CJ (2010) What is this thing called pain? J Clin Invest 120:3742–3744.
2017 [Link]
2018 Wu F, Bian D, Xia Y, et al (2012) Identification of major active ingredients responsible for burn
2019 wound healing of Centella asiatica herbs. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med 2012:.
2020 [Link]
2021 Wu W, Wang Y (2012) Pharmacological actions and therapeutic applications of Salvia
2022 miltiorrhiza depside salt and its active components. Acta Pharmacol Sin 33:1119–1130.
2023 [Link]
2024 Xia T, Gao R, Zhou G, et al (2019) Trans-Cinnamaldehyde Inhibits IL-1 β -Stimulated
2025 Inflammation in Chondrocytes by Suppressing NF- B and p38-JNK Pathways and Exerts
2026 Chondrocyte Protective Effects in a Rat Model of Osteoarthritis. Biomed Res Int 2019:.
2027 [Link]
2028 Xiang Z, Wang X, Cai X, Zeng S (2011) Metabolomics Study on Quality Control and
2029 Discrimination of Three Curcuma Species based on Gas Chromatograph–Mass
2030 Spectrometry. Phytochem Anal 22:411–418. [Link]
2031 Xing W, Guo W, Zou CH, et al (2015) Acemannan accelerates cell proliferation and skin wound
2032 healing through AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. J Dermatol Sci 79:101–109.
2033 [Link]
2034 Xiong Y, Li M, Sun P, et al (2022) Market access for Chinese herbal medicinal products in
2035 Europe-A ten-year review of relevant products, policies, and challenges. Phytomedicine
2036 103:. [Link]
2037 Xu R, Luo G, Xia H, et al (2015) Novel bilayer wound dressing composed of silicone rubber
2038 with particular micropores enhanced wound re-epithelialization and contraction.
2039 Biomaterials 40:1–11. [Link]
2040 Yadav S, Sharma P, Alam MA (2016) Ginger medicinal uses and benefits. Eur J Pharm Med Res
2041 3:127–135
2042 Yadollah-Damavandi S, Chavoshi-Nejad M, Jangholi E, et al (2015) Topical hypericum

55
2043 perforatum improves tissue regeneration in full-thickness excisional wounds in diabetic rat
2044 model. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med 2015:.
2045 [Link]
2046 YAGI A, Yu BP (2018) Prophylactic aloe components on autoimmune diseases: barbaloin, aloe-
2047 emodin, emodin, and fermented butyrate. J Gastroenterol Hepatol Res 7:2535–2541.
2048 [Link]
2049 Yang CLH, Or TCT, Ho MHK, Lau ASY (2012) Scientific basis of botanical medicine as
2050 alternative remedies for rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 44:284–300.
2051 [Link]
2052 Yang M, Liu A, Guan S, et al (2006) Characterization of tanshinones in the roots of Salvia
2053 miltiorrhiza (Dan-shen) by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray
2054 ionization tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20:1266–1280.
2055 [Link]
2056 Yassen D, Esmaeel Ibrahim A (2016) Antibacterial Activity Of Crude Extracts Of Ginger
2057 (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) On Escherichia Coli And Staphylococcus Aureus: A Study In
2058 Vitro. Indo Am J Pharm Res
2059 Yeh LLL, Liu J-Y, Lin K-S, et al (2007) A Randomised Placebo-Controlled Trial of a
2060 Traditional Chinese Herbal Formula in the Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhoea. PLoS
2061 One 2:e719. [Link]
2062 Yin W, Wang TS, Yin FZ, Cai BC (2003) Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of brucine
2063 and brucine N-oxide extracted from seeds of Strychnos nux-vomica. J Ethnopharmacol
2064 88:205–214. [Link]
2065 Younesy S, Amiraliakbari S, Esmaeili S, et al (2014) Effects of Fenugreek Seed on the Severity
2066 and Systemic Symptoms of Dysmenorrhea. J Reprod Infertil 15:48
2067 Young IC, Chuang ST, Hsu CH, et al (2017) Protective effects of aucubin on osteoarthritic
2068 chondrocyte model induced by hydrogen peroxide and mechanical stimulus. BMC
2069 Complement Altern Med 17:. [Link]
2070 Younis T, Khan MR, Sajid M, et al (2016) Fraxinus xanthoxyloides leaves reduced the level of
2071 inflammatory mediators during in vitro and in vivo studies. BMC Complement Altern Med
2072 16:. [Link]
2073 Yu MH, Choi JH, Chae IG, et al (2013) Suppression of LPS-induced inflammatory activities by
2074 Rosmarinus officinalis L. Food Chem 136:1047–1054.
2075 [Link]
2076 Yu S, Hu Y, Wan Q, et al (2015) A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled
2077 Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Duliang Soft Capsule in Patients with Chronic
2078 Daily Headache. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med 2015:.
2079 [Link]
2080 yuan Fang Z, Lin R, xiang Yuan B, et al (2008) Tanshinone IIA downregulates the CD40

56
2081 expression and decreases MMP-2 activity on atherosclerosis induced by high fatty diet in
2082 rabbit. J Ethnopharmacol 115:217–222. [Link]
2083 Yudoh K, Terauchi K, Yui N, et al (2017) Impact of NAD-dependent deacetylase Sirtuin-1 in the
2084 osteophyte formation and the degradation of articular cartilage in osteoarthritis (OA).
2085 Osteoarthr Cartil 25:S152–S153. [Link]
2086 Yuliani S, Mustofa, Partadiredja G (2018) The neuroprotective effects of an ethanolic turmeric
2087 (Curcuma longa L.) extract against trimethyltin-induced oxidative stress in rats. Nutr
2088 Neurosci 22:797–804. [Link]
2089 Zaka M, Sehgal SA, Shafique S, Abbasi BH (2017) Comparative in silico analyses of Cannabis
2090 sativa, Prunella vulgaris and Withania somnifera compounds elucidating the medicinal
2091 properties against rheumatoid arthritis. J Mol Graph Model 74:296–304.
2092 [Link]
2093 Zanjani TM, Ameli H, Labibi F, et al (2014) The Attenuation of Pain Behavior and Serum COX-
2094 2 Concentration by Curcumin in a Rat Model of Neuropathic Pain. Korean J Pain 27:252.
2095 [Link]
2096 Zargaran A, Borhani-Haghighi A, Faridi P, et al (2014) Potential effect and mechanism of action
2097 of topical chamomile (Matricaria chammomila L.) oil on migraine headache: A medical
2098 hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 83:566–569. [Link]
2099 Zargaran A, Borhani-Haghighi A, Salehi-Marzijarani M, et al (2018) Evaluation of the effect of
2100 topical chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.) oleogel as pain relief in migraine without
2101 aura: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study. Neurol Sci 39:1345–
2102 1353. [Link]
2103 Zeng Y, Li Y, Yang J, et al (2017) Therapeutic Role of Functional Components in Alliums for
2104 Preventive Chronic Disease in Human Being. Evidence-based Complement Altern Med
2105 2017:. [Link]
2106 Zeraati F, Shobeiri F, Nazari M, et al (2014) Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of herbal
2107 drugs (fennelin and vitagnus) and mefenamic acid in the treatment of primary
2108 dysmenorrhea. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 19:584
2109 Zeru AB, Muluneh MA (2020) Thyme Tea and Primary Dysmenorrhea Among Young Female
2110 Students. Adolesc Health Med Ther 11:147. [Link]
2111 Zgrajka W, Turska M, Rajtar G, et al (2013) Kynurenic acid content in anti-rheumatic herbs.
2112 [Link] 20:800–802
2113 Zhang M, Wang J (2015) Epigenetic regulation of gene expression in osteoarthritis. Genes Dis
2114 2:69–75. [Link]
2115 Zhang Q, Peng W, Wei S, et al (2019) Guizhi-Shaoyao-Zhimu decoction possesses anti-arthritic
2116 effects on type II collagen-induced arthritis in rats via suppression of inflammatory
2117 reactions, inhibition of invasion & migration and induction of apoptosis in synovial
2118 fibroblasts. Biomed Pharmacother 118:109367.

57
2119 [Link]
2120 Zhao GR, Zhang HM, Ye TX, et al (2008) Characterization of the radical scavenging and
2121 antioxidant activities of danshensu and salvianolic acid B. Food Chem Toxicol 46:73–81.
2122 [Link]
2123 Zhao LX, Jiang BC, Wu XB, et al (2014) Ligustilide attenuates inflammatory pain via inhibition
2124 of NFκB-mediated chemokines production in spinal astrocytes. Eur J Neurosci 39:1391–
2125 1402. [Link]
2126 Zhao X, Xu Y, Zhao Q, et al Curcumin exerts antinociceptive effects in a mouse model of
2127 neuropathic pain: descending monoamine system and opioid receptors are differentially
2128 involved. Elsevier
2129 Zheng L, Wei M, Liu M, et al (2015) Tanshinone IIA attenuates hypoxic pulmonary
2130 hypertension via modulating KV currents. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 205:120–128.
2131 [Link]
2132 Zhou G, Li R, Xia T, et al (2019) Utilizing network pharmacology to explore the underlying
2133 mechanism of Cinnamomum cassia Presl in treating osteoarthritis. Int J Clin Exp Med
2134 12:13359–13369
2135 Zhu M Di, Zhao LX, Wang XT, et al (2014) Ligustilide inhibits microglia-mediated
2136 proinflammatory cytokines production and inflammatory pain. Brain Res Bull 109:54–60.
2137 [Link]
2138 Zou S, Kumar U (2018) Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and
2139 Function in the Central Nervous System. Int J Mol Sci 19:833.
2140 [Link]
2141 Zou S, Wang C, Cui Z, et al (2016) β-Elemene induces apoptosis of human rheumatoid arthritis
2142 fibroblast-like synoviocytes via reactive oxygen species-dependent activation of p38
2143 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Pharmacol Reports 68:7–11.
2144 [Link]
2145 Acorus calamus linn.: Chemistry and Biology-Indian Journals
2146 Phytochemical Constituents of Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) -Natural Product Sciences |
2147 Korea Science
2148 Kaur S, Lakshmanan P. Hibiscus rosa-sinesis leaves... - Google Scholar
2149 Jha NK. Mimosa pudica: Lajjalu. Phytopharm 2007;8:3-8. - Google Scholar
2150 Yuan Y et al. Studies on the in vivo transmigration... - Google Scholar
2151

2152

2153

58
2154

2155

2156

2157

2158

59