JavaScript Beginner Interview Questions &
Answers (30 Qs)
1. What is JavaScript?
JavaScript is a lightweight, interpreted programming language mainly used for adding interactivity
to web pages. It runs in the browser and on servers ([Link]).
Example:
[Link]('Hello, JavaScript!');
2. Difference between JavaScript and Java?
Java is compiled, strongly typed, runs on JVM.
JavaScript is interpreted, loosely typed, runs on browsers.
Example:
let language='JavaScript';
[Link]('This is not Java, it’s '+language);
3. What are variables in JavaScript?
Variables store data values. Declared using var, let, or const.
Example:
let name='Rahul';
[Link](name);
4. Difference between var, let, and const?
var: Function-scoped, can be redeclared.
let: Block-scoped, cannot be redeclared.
const: Block-scoped, value cannot change.
Example:
var a=10;
let b=20;
const c=30;
[Link](a,b,c);
5. What are data types in JavaScript?
Two categories:
- Primitive: string, number, boolean, null, undefined, symbol, bigint.
- Non-primitive: objects, arrays, functions.
Example:
let str='Hello'; let num=10; let flag=true;
[Link](typeof str, typeof num, typeof flag);
6. What is type coercion?
Automatic conversion of one data type to another.
Example:
[Link]('5' + 2); // '52'
[Link]('5' - 2); // 3
7. What are operators in JavaScript?
Arithmetic (+,-,*,/,%); Assignment (=,+=,-=); Comparison (==,===,!=,!==,>,<); Logical (&&,||,!).
Example:
let x=10, y=5;
[Link](x+y);
[Link](x>y);
[Link](x==='10');
8. Difference between == and === ?
== checks value only (loose equality). === checks value and type (strict equality).
Example:
[Link](5 == '5'); // true
[Link](5 === '5'); // false
9. What is a string in JavaScript?
A string is a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes.
Example:
let str='Hello World';
[Link]([Link]);
10. How to concatenate strings?
Using + or template literals.
Example:
let first='Hello', second='JS';
[Link](first+' '+second);
[Link](`${first} ${second}`);
11. How to find a character in a string?
Using charAt() or index.
Example:
let str='JavaScript';
[Link]([Link](4));
[Link](str[4]);
12. What are loops in JavaScript?
Loops repeat a block of code. Common loops: for, while, do…while.
Example:
for(let i=1;i<=3;i++){[Link]('Loop count:',i);}
13. Difference between for and while loop?
for: Used when number of iterations is known.
while: Used when iterations depend on a condition.
Example:
let i=1; while(i<=3){[Link]('While Loop:',i);i++;}
14. What is the if statement?
It executes code only if a condition is true.
Example:
let age=18; if(age>=18){[Link]('Eligible to vote');}
15. What is if-else statement?
It provides two paths: if condition true → one block, else → another.
Example:
let age=16; if(age>=18){[Link]('Adult');}else{[Link]('Minor');}
16. What is else if ladder?
Used when multiple conditions are checked.
Example:
let marks=75; if(marks>=90) [Link]('Grade A'); else if(marks>=60)
[Link]('Grade B'); else [Link]('Grade C');
17. What is the difference between null and undefined?
null: Intentional empty value.
undefined: Variable declared but not assigned.
Example:
let a; let b=null; [Link](a,b);
18. What is NaN in JavaScript?
NaN = Not a Number. Returned when math operation fails.
Example:
[Link](0/0);
[Link]('hello'*3);
19. What is typeof operator?
It returns the type of a variable.
Example:
let x=100; [Link](typeof x);
20. What is a template literal?
String enclosed in backticks that allows embedding variables.
Example:
let name='Nani'; [Link](`Hello, ${name}!`);
21. What is increment and decrement operator?
++ increases by 1, -- decreases by 1.
Example:
let n=5; [Link](++n); [Link](n--);
22. What is the modulus operator (%) ?
It gives remainder after division.
Example:
[Link](10%3);
23. Difference between break and continue?
break: exits loop. continue: skips current iteration.
Example:
for(let i=1;i<=5;i++){ if(i==3) continue; [Link](i);}
24. What is a boolean?
It represents true or false.
Example:
let isActive=true; [Link](typeof isActive);
25. What is string interpolation?
Inserting variables inside strings using template literals.
Example:
let a=10,b=20; [Link](`Sum=${a+b}`);
26. What is nested if?
If statement inside another if.
Example:
let age=20, hasID=true; if(age>=18){ if(hasID){ [Link]('Allowed');}}
27. Difference between while and do-while loop?
while: condition checked first.
do-while: executes once before checking condition.
Example:
let i=5; do{[Link]('Do while:',i);i++;}while(i<5);
28. What is a truthy and falsy value?
Truthy: values considered true (1,'hi',[]).
Falsy: values considered false (0,'',null,undefined,NaN).
Example:
if('hello') [Link]('Truthy'); if(0) [Link]('Falsy');
29. Difference between primitive and reference data types?
Primitive: Stored by value (number,string).
Reference: Stored by reference (object,array).
Example:
let arr=[1,2,3]; let copy=arr; [Link](4); [Link](arr);
30. Program to check if a number is even or odd?
Example:
let num=7; if(num%2===0){[Link]('Even');}else{[Link]('Odd');}