LESSON 3:
THE CONDITIONAL AND THE BICONDITIONAL
Conditional Statements
A conditional statement is a statement written in a form “If...then”. The phrase after the
word “if” is called antecedent. The phrase after the word “then “is called the consequent.
Example 12 . Determine the antecedent and consequent in the following statements.
1. If x + 5 = 8, then x = 3.
2. If a polygon hasfour sides, then it is a quadrilateral.
3. If you don’t study your lesson, then you will not pass the exam.
4. If 2 is an integer, then 2 is a rational number.
Solution:
1. Antecedent: x + 5 = 8
Consequent: x = 3
2. Antecedent: A polygon has four sides
Consequent: It is a quadrilateral
3. Antecedent: You don’t study your lesson
Consequent: You will not the pass the exam
4. Antecedent: 2 is an integer
Consequent: 2 is a rational number
Example 13 . Determine the truth value of each statement.
1. If 2 is an integer, then 2 is a rational number.
2. If a=1, b=2, c=3, then a + b + c > 5
3. If 3 + 5 = 8, then 8 – 3 = 5.
Solution:
1. The consequent is true, then the statement is true.
2. The consequent is false, then the statement is false.
3. Because both the antecedent and consequent are true, then the statement is true.
Example 14 . Determine the truth value of each statement.
1. y + 7 = 12 if and only if y = 5
2. x2 = 25 if and only if x = 5
3. x > 4 if and only if x > 3.
Solution:
1. The statement is true since the statement “y + 7 = 12” will be only true if “y = 5”.
Otherwise, the statement will be false.
2. If x = -5, the first equation is true and the second equation is false. Thus, the
statement is false.
3. The statement is false. If x = 4, the first statement will become false.
LESSON 4:
THE CONDITIONAL AND RELATED STATEMENTS
Every conditional statement has three related statements. They are called the converse,
inverse, and contrapositive.
The Converse
Converse statement is a conditional statement that is formed by switching the
antecedent and the consequent of the conditional.
Remembe
r!
The Converse of Conditional Statement
From p → q, converse statement will have q → p
The Inverse
An inverse statement is formed by negating both the antecedent and the consequent of
the conditional.
Remembe
The Inverser!of Conditional Statement
From p → q, inverse statement will have ~p → ~q
The Contrapositive
Contrapositive is a conditional statement formed by negating both antecedent and the
consequent, and switching them. Contrapositive statements are inverse and converse at the
same time on a single conditional statement.
.
Observations:
1. Converse and inverse statements are equivalents because they have the same
truth values.
2. Conditional and contrapositive statements are equivalents because they have the
same truth values.
Example 15: Determine whether related statements are equivalent.
Module
Exercises
Directions: Answer the following as instructed