Cloud Computing

Computing
paradigm
Computing paradigm

 Computing paradigm is the technique of linking

two or more computers into a network (through
a local area network) in order to take
advantages of the parallel processing power of
those computers.
Different computing paradigms

 There are different kinds of computing paradigms.

They are :
 Distributed Computing
 Parallel Computing
 Cluster Computing
 Grid Computing
 Utility Computing
 Cloud Computing
Distributed computing
 Distributed computing is defined as a type of computing
where multiple computer systems work on a single problem.
Here all the computer systems are linked together and the
problem is divided into sub-problems where each part is
solved by different computer systems.
 Distributed computing is the solution to the problem where
your RAM is too small your data are too big to be processed
on a single machine.
 The goal of distributed computing is to increase the
performance and efficiency of the system and ensure fault
tolerance.
Characteristics of Distributed Computing

 No shared clock
 No shared memory
 Concurrency
 Heterogeneity and Loose coupling
Functions of Distributed
Computing
 Resource sharing
 Scalability
 Transparency
 Fault tolerance
Diagram of Distributed Computing
Parallel Computing

 Parallel computing is defined as a type of computing where

multiple computer systems are used simultaneously.
 In parallel computing a problem is broken into sub-problems
and then further broken down into instructions. These
instructions from each sub-problem are executed concurrently
on different processors.
 The goal of parallel computing is to save time and provide
concurrency.
Diagram of Parallel Computing
Cluster Computing

 A cluster computing is a type of computing in

which a group of independent computers work
together to perform the tasks given.
 Homogeneous machines.
 They are connected in a small networks.
Diagram of Cluster Computing
Grid Computing
 Grid computing is defined as a type of computing where it is
constitutes a network of computers that work together to
perform tasks that may be difficult for a single machine to
handle.
 All the computers on that network work under the same
umbrella and are termed as a virtual super computer.
 The goal of grid computing is to solve more high computational
problems in less time and improve productivity.
Types of Grid Computing

 Computational grid computing

 Data grid computing
 Collaborative grid computing
Diagram of Grid Computing
Utility Computing

 Utility computing is a service providing model in which a

service provider makes computing resources and
infrastructure management available to the customer as
needed and charges then for specific usage rather than a
file rate.
 Most cost efficient.
 The goal of utility computing is to increase the usage of
resources and be more cost efficient.
Diagram of Utility Computing
Cloud Computing

 Cloud computing is defined as the type of

computing where it is the delivery of on-demand
computing services over the internet on a pay-as-
you-go basis.
 It is widely distributed, network-based and used for
storage.
Types of Cloud Computing service

 Infrastructure as a service
 Platform as a service
 Software as a service
Types of Cloud

 Public cloud
 Private cloud
 Hybrid cloud
Diagram of Cloud Computing
Cloud Computing Technologies
Top Cloud Computing Technologies

1. Virtualization
2. Service-Oriented Architecture
3. Grid Computing
4. Utility Computing
Virtualization

 Allows to share single physical instance of an

application / resource among multiple users.
 Hardware Virtualization: If the virtual machine is directly
installed on hardware servers, it is called Hardware virtualization
because it is easier to control a Virtual Machine than a physical
server.
 Operating System Virtualization: If the virtual machine is
installed in a guest server instead of the hardware system, it is
called Operating system Virtualization. It increased the testing
situation of various software on various OS platforms,
 Server Virtualization: If the virtual machine is installed on the
system, it is called Server Virtualization. It is divided into multiple
resources and utilized for load balancing on-demand basis.
 Storage Virtualization: The process of collecting physical
storage from different network storage devices is called Storage
Virtualization. It is mainly used for back-up and recovery.
Service-Oriented Architecture

 Services are provided to form application through

internet.
 Allows to use application as a service for other
application.
 Allows to exchange of data between various
application.
Advantages

 Service reusability
 Easy maintenance
 Platform independent
 Reliability
 Scalability
Grid computing

 Distributed computing in which a group of computers from

multiple locations are connected with each other.
 Computer resources can be heterogeneous and can be
located any where.

 At least one computer in a group works as a server.

 Special grid computing software is used.
Utility Computing

 Pay per use model

 Resources are allowed to use on demand as
metered service.
Where we Use Cloud Computing?
Cloud Service Models
Cloud Service Models

 There are the following three types of cloud service

models –
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

 IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS).

 It is a computing infrastructure managed over the
internet.
 The main advantage of using IaaS is that it helps users to
avoid the cost and complexity of purchasing and
managing the physical servers.
 Example: DigitalOcean, Linode, Amazon Web Services
(AWS), Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine (GCE),
Rackspace, and Cisco Metacloud.
Characteristics of IaaS

There are the following characteristics of IaaS –

 Resources are available as a service
 Services are highly scalable
 Dynamic and flexible
 GUI and API-based access
 Automated administrative tasks
Advantages of IaaS
 The resources can be deployed by the provider to a customer’s
environment at any given time.
 Its ability to offer the users to scale the business based on their
requirements.
 The provider has various options when deploying resources including
virtual machines, applications, storage, and networks.
 It has the potential to handle an immense number of users.
 It is easy to expand and saves a lot of money. Companies can afford the
huge costs associated with the implementation of advanced
technologies.
 Cloud provides the architecture.
 Enhanced scalability and quite flexible.
 Dynamic workloads are supported.
Disadvantages of IaaS

 Security issues are there.

 Service and Network delays are quite a issue in IaaS.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)

 PaaS cloud computing platform is created for the

programmer to develop, test, run, and manage the
applications.
 Example: AWS Elastic Beanstalk, Windows Azure, Heroku,
[Link], Google App Engine, Apache Stratos,
Magento Commerce Cloud, and OpenShift.
Characteristics of PaaS

There are the following characteristics of PaaS –

 Accessible to various users via the same development
application.
 Integrates with web services and databases.
 Builds on virtualization technology, so resources can easily
be scaled up or down as per the organization's need.
 Support multiple languages and frameworks.
 Provides an ability to "Auto-scale".
Advantages of PaaS –
 Programmers need not worry about what specific database or
language the application has been programmed in.
 It offers developers the to build applications without the overhead of
the underlying operating system or infrastructure.
 Provides the freedom to developers to focus on the application’s
design while the platform takes care of the language and the
database.
 It is flexible and portable.
 It is quite affordable.
 It manages application development phases in the cloud very
efficiently.
Disadvantages of PaaS

 Data is not secure and is at big risk.

 As data is stored both in local storage and cloud, there
are high chances of data mismatch while integrating the
data.
Software as a Service (SaaS)

 SaaS is also known as "on-demand software".

 It is a software in which the applications are hosted by a
cloud service provider.
 Users can access these applications with the help of
internet connection and web browser.
 Example: BigCommerce, Google Apps, Salesforce,
Dropbox, ZenDesk, Cisco WebEx, ZenDesk, Slack, and
GoToMeeting.
Characteristics of SaaS
There are the following characteristics of SaaS –
 Managed from a central location
 Hosted on a remote server
 Accessible over the internet
 Users are not responsible for hardware and software updates.
Updates are applied automatically.
 The services are purchased on the pay-as-per-use basis
Advantages of SaaS
 It is a cloud computing service category providing a wide range of
hosted capabilities and services. These can be used to build and
deploy web-based software applications.
 It provides a lower cost of ownership than on-premises software. The
reason is it does not require the purchase or installation of hardware
or licenses.
 It can be easily accessed through a browser along a thin client.
 No cost is required for initial setup.
 Low maintenance costs.
 Installation time is less, so time is managed properly.
Disadvantages of SaaS

 Low performance.
 It has limited customization options.
 It has security and data concerns.
Difference between IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS
Cloud Computing

 Cloud computing is a technology that enables us to

create, configure, and customize applications
through an internet connection.
 It includes a development platform, hard drive,
software, and database.
What is Cloud Computing?
 The term “Cloud Computing” generally refers to the ability of a
system to store data or applications on remote servers, process
data or applications from servers, and access data and
applications via the Internet.
 Cloud computing provides scalability, flexibility, cost-
effectiveness, and security to individuals and organizations to
manage their IT operations.
 Cloud computing works on a Pay-on-Use basis for individuals and
organizations.
 It is an on-demand availability of system resources and
computing power without direct active management by the
user.
Examples of Cloud Computing:
Cloud computing is the ability to deliver computing services, such
as servers, storage, database, networking, and intelligence. Here
are some examples of Cloud Computing:
 Cloud disaster recovery:
 Cloud Backup and Cloud Storage:
 Cloud-based virtual desktops:
 Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS):
 Infrastructure-as-a-Service(IaaS):
 Software-as-a-Service(SaaS):
 Cloud-based virtual desktops: These help users access their
systems and applications by using any device from anywhere.
Examples of Cloud-based virtual desktop providers are
Amazon WorkSpace, VM ware, Horizon Cloud, and Virtual Windows
of Microsoft.
 Cloud Backup and Cloud Storage: Cloud storage generally
provides safe and scalable storage options for organizations and
individuals to store and Cloud backup provides backup for the
data.
 Cloud disaster recovery: This service users to have a backup
of their data when any disaster recovery needs to occur.
Some Examples of Cloud disaster recovery include Mozy,
Amazon Glacier, and Carbonite.
 Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS): This helps organizations with a
cloud-based platform to build, deploy, and manage
applications.
Examples of PaaS providers are Google App Engine,
Microsoft Azure, etc.
 Infrastructure-as-a-Service(IaaS): It helps businesses to scale
their computer resources up or down whenever needed without
any requirement for capital expenditure on physical
infrastructure.
Examples of IaaS providers are Amazon Web Service(AWS),
Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure.
 Software-as-a-Service(SaaS): With the help of SaaS, users
can able to access applications hosted in the cloud, rather than
installing and running them on their local devices.
Examples of SaaS applications are Salesforce, Dropbox, and
Microsoft Office 365.
History of Cloud Computing

 Cloud Computing referred as the accessing and storing

of data and provide services related to computing over
the internet.
 It simply referred as it remote services on the internet
manage and access data online rather than any local
drives.
 The data can be anything like images, videos, audios,
documents, files etc.
Cloud Computing Service Provider’s :

 Cloud computing is in huge

demand so, big organization
providing the service like Amazon
AWS, Microsoft Azure, Google
Cloud, Alibaba cloud etc. are
some Cloud Computing service
Provider.
History of Cloud Computing :
 Before Computing was come into existence, client Server
Architecture was used where all the data and control of client
resides in Server side.
 If a single user want to access some data, firstly user need to
connect to the server and after that user will get appropriate
access. But it has many disadvantages. So, After Client Server
computing, Distributed Computing was come into existence, in
this type of computing all computers are networked together
with the help of this, user can share their resources when
needed.
 It also has certain limitations. So in order to remove limitations
faced in distributed system, cloud computing was emerged.
 During 1961, John MacCharty delivered his speech at MIT that
“Computing Can be sold as a Utility, like Water and Electricity.”
 According to John MacCharty it was a brilliant idea. But people at
that time don’t want to adopt this technology.
 They thought the technology they are using efficient enough for
them.
 So, this concept of computing was not appreciated much so and
very less will research on it.
 But as the time fleet the technology caught the idea after few years
this idea is implemented. So, this is implemented by [Link]
in 1999.
 This company started delivering an enterprise application over the
internet and this way the boom of Cloud Computing was started.
 In 2002, Amazon started Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon will
provide storage, computation over the internet.
 In 2006 Amazon will launch Elastic Compute Cloud Commercial Service
which is open for Everybody to use.
 After that in 2009, Google Play also started providing Cloud Computing
Enterprise Application as other companies will see the emergence of
cloud Computing they also started providing their cloud services.
 Thus, in 2009, Microsoft launch Microsoft Azure and after that other
companies like Alibaba, IBM, Oracle, HP also introduces their Cloud
Services.
 In today the Cloud Computing become very popular and important skill.
 1999 ([Link] , pioneer)
 2002 (Amazon -> AWS – Amazon Web Services )
 2009 (Google -> Google Apps)
 Advantages : Disadvantages :
 It is easier to get backup in cloud.  It requires good internet
 It allows us easy and quick access connection.
stored information anywhere and
 User have limited control on the
anytime.
data.
 It allows us to access data via mobile.

 It reduces both hardware ad

Software cost, and it is easily
maintainable.
 One of the biggest advantage of Cloud
Computing is Database Security.
 Characteristics of Cloud Computing
1. On-demand self-services: The Cloud computing services does not require any human
administrators, user themselves are able to provision, monitor and manage
computing resources as needed.
2. Broad network access: The Computing services are generally provided over standard
networks and heterogeneous devices.
3. Rapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT resources that are able to
scale out and in quickly and on as needed basis. Whenever the user require services
it is provided to him and it is scale out as soon as its requirement gets over.
4. Resource pooling: The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and
services) present are shared across multiple applications and occupant in an
uncommitted manner. Multiple clients are provided service from a same physical
resource.
5. Measured service: The resource utilization is tracked for each application and
occupant, it will provide both the user and the resource provider with an account of
what has been used. This is done for various reasons like monitoring billing and
effective use of resource.
6. Multi-tenancy: Cloud computing providers can support multiple tenants
(users or organizations) on a single set of shared resources.
7. Virtualization: Cloud computing providers use virtualization technology to
abstract underlying hardware resources and present them as logical resources
to users.
8. Resilient computing: Cloud computing services are typically designed with
redundancy and fault tolerance in mind, which ensures high availability and
reliability.
9. Flexible pricing models: Cloud providers offer a variety of pricing models,
including pay-per-use, subscription-based, and spot pricing, allowing users to
choose the option that best suits their needs.
[Link]: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures to protect their
users’ data and ensure the privacy of sensitive information.
11. Automation: Cloud computing services are often highly automated,
allowing users to deploy and manage resources with minimal manual
intervention.
12. Sustainability: Cloud providers are increasingly focused on sustainable
practices, such as energy-efficient data centers and the use of renewable
energy sources, to reduce their environmental impact.
Cloud Computing Applications
 Data storage, networking, and analytics are just a few of the
many computing services available through cloud computing
and are operated automatically with minimal manual assistance.
 It is frequently used to support computing systems with
infrastructure and software and to ensure enterprises’ efficient
and seamless operation.
 Now that you are aware of the numerous prospects the cloud
offers, let’s discuss various cloud computing applications in the
section below:
Cloud Computing Applications

 1. Art related application  8. Entertainment Application

 2. Image-editing application  9. E-commerce Applications
 3. Data Storage  10. Social Media Applications
 4. Business applications  11. Antivirus Application
 5. Education based  12. URL conversion application
applications  13. Presentation Application
 6. Big Data Analysis  14. GPS application
 7. Testing  15. Accounting application
1. Art related application
Cloud computing applications offer a variety of art-related
applications for various designing purposes, assisting in the
development of eye-catching designs for cards, books, and other
visuals. Examples of cloud computing applications for the arts include
Moo, Adobe Creative Cloud, and Vistaprint. These programs facilitate
quick card creation, printing, and design. Additionally, programs like
Adobe Creative Cloud, a cloud-based program that offers first-rate
professional editing services, are available.
2. Image-editing application
There are several applications available today that offer free
image editing. These cloud computing services offer a variety of
functions, such as graphic user interfaces and image editing, resizing,
cropping, and special effects (GUI). Additionally, these programs
include customizable brightness and contrast options. Additionally,
they offer highly sophisticated functions that are simple to use.
Famous examples include Fotor and Adobe Creative Cloud.
3. Data Storage
Computer programs for data storage are another choice for cloud
computing applications. It is also one among the many cloud applications that let
you save data, files, photos, and other types of material in the cloud. It facilitates using
the applications of the cloud to obtain information. These cloud computing
applications are designed for security and to guarantee that data is safely backed
up. Word, Excel, PDF, Excel, and other file types can all be used to restore and convert
data. Applications like Box, Mozy, Jouks, and Google Suite are excellent examples of
cloud storage.
 [Link]
For secure management of content, workflow, as well as collaboration, Box
offers an online environment. It enables us to store various files on the cloud, including
Excel, Word, PDFs, and photos. The key benefit of using [Link] is that it offers drag-
and-drop file sharing and has simple integrations with over 1400 apps, including
Salesforce, G Suite, Office 365, and more.
One of the greatest cloud storage as well as backup programs is Google G
Suite. Along with cloud storage and management features, it offers Google docs,
Calendar, Forms, hangouts, Google+, and cloud storage. Gmail is the most used
application in the Google G Suite. Users of Gmail can access free email services.
4. Business applications
Applications for businesses rely on cloud-based service
providers. Today, every corporation needs a cloud-based business
application to expand. Additionally, it makes sure users can access
corporate applications around-theclock.
 Salesforce: The Salesforce platform offers solutions for e-commerce,
marketing, sales, and other functions. Additionally, a cloud
development platform is offered.
 MailChimp: A platform for publishing emails called MailChimp offers
a number of tools for creating, sending, and storing email templates.
 Quickbooks: The phrase “Run Enterprise anywhere, anytime on any
device” is how Quickbooks operates. The firm, it offers online
accounting solutions. More than 20 persons can collaborate on the
very same system at once.
5. Education based applications
The use of cloud computing in education is growing rapidly. It provides
students with a variety of online distance learning platforms and student
information websites. Strong virtual classrooms, easy accessibility, safe data
storage, scalability, better reach for the students, and minimum hardware
requirements for the apps are all benefits of using the cloud in the field of
education.
The cloud provides the following educational applications:
Google Apps for Education : The most popular platform for free web-based email,
calendar, documents, and group study is Google Apps for Education.
Tablets : It enables teachers to give pupils access to the newest technological
solutions in the classroom rapidly.
AWS : Universities, community institutions, and schools can access an environment
that is conducive to learning thanks to AWS cloud.
6. Big Data Analysis
The use of cloud computing for in-depth data analysis is
one of its most significant uses. Big data cannot be stored using
conventional data management solutions due to its enormous
volume. Big data can now be stored and analysed by
enterprises to produce priceless business insights thanks to the
cloud’s limitless storage capacity.
7. Testing
Applications for cloud computing offer the simplest
method for product testing and development. Such
environment would’ve been time-consuming, costly to set up in
terms of IT resources as well as infrastructure, and labor-intensive
using conventional approaches. Organizations may employ
scalable and adaptable cloud services for product creation,
testing, and deployment thanks to cloud computing.
8. Entertainment Application
The entertainment sector employs a multi-cloud approach to engage
the target audience. V and video conference and Online games are just a
couple of the leisure applications available with cloud computing.

 Online gaming
Cloud gaming is one of the most significant forms of entertainment
nowadays. It provides a variety of online games that are remote-controlled by
the cloud. GeForce Now, Vortex, Project xCloud, Shaow, and PlayStation Now
are the top cloud gaming providers.

 Video Conference
Apps for video conferencing offer a quick and easy way to connect.
We can use cloud-based video conferencing to speak with our friends, family,
and business colleagues. The advantages of adopting video conferencing
include cost savings, increased productivity, and elimination of interoperability.
9. E-commerce Applications
Ecommerce customers and e-businesses can
react swiftly to possibilities as they arise thanks to cloud-based
ecommerce solutions. It offers business leaders a fresh method
for getting things done quickly and efficiently. They manage
product data, customer data, as well as other operational
systems in cloud settings.
10. Social Media Applications Many users can connect with one another via social
networking services like Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, etc. thanks to social cloud
applications.
The following are some cloud-based social applications:
 Facebook
Facebook is a social networking site that enables active users to share documents,
pictures, videos, status updates, and more with their friends, family members, and
business associates using a cloud storage system. We always receive notifications on
Facebook when our friends like and comment on the posts.
 LinkedIn
LinkedIn is a famous social media platform for professionals, new graduates, and
students.
 Yammer
The ideal technology for team collaboration is Yammer, which enables a group of
workers to communicate and exchange files, videos, and photographs.
11. Antivirus Application
There are also numerous antivirus programmes accessible for
support. These cloud application services guarantee the system’s efficient
operation. They provide numerous advantages to consumers, including
system cleaning, malware detection, and virus removal. This antivirus is free
of charge and is considered the best antivirus for your personal computer.
By sending the information to the cloud data centre and repairing it, this
application’s main purpose is to detect malware. Some of the most widely
used cloud antivirus programmes include Kaspersky Endpoint Security and
Sophos Endpoint Protection.
12. URL conversion application
There are a number of social media programmes, one of which is
connected to Twitter and aids in the reduction of long URLs to shorter ones.
The function of a programme like bitly is to shorten lengthy URLs, which then
refers users back to the initial website. In addition to protecting the
application from malware and hacking activity, it facilitates microblogging.
13. Presentation Application
For presentation services, there is software available that
enables the importation of PowerPoint Presentations by making slides.
One such programme that assists the user in making professional
presentations is called “Sliderocket.” Anywhere in the planet can access
these cloud computing applications. It offers both a free and a paid
version of the programme.

14. GPS application

GPS, another innovation of cloud computing and its uses, is
made available to users. These programmes assist users in discovering
destinations online and in following directions from a map. Websites like
Google Maps, Yahoo Maps, and others are examples of such cloud
computing applications. Millions of users utilise these applications, which
are also available for free.
15. Accounting application
One of the real-time cloud computing apps that
supports management in the accounting area of the firm is
accounting software. One such tool utilised by larger
businesses to provide real-time daily accounting services is
Outright. You may keep track of spending, earnings, and
losses in real time. Other cloud accounting software
examples are Kash Flow and Zoho Books.
New Trends in Cloud Computing
 Cloud is recognized facilitating “speed-to-market” – and for
its ability to drive business agility.
 This is because cloud supports rapid experimentation and
innovation by allowing companies to quickly try and even
adopt new solutions without significant up-front costs.
 The cloud can be a highly agile wrapper around different
systems, different behaviour and bringing it all together in an
engagement cycle.
 By changing the way people interact with technology, cloud
enables new forms of consumer engagement, expand
collaboration across the value chain and bring innovation to
companies core models.
New Trends in cloud computing
1. Cloud as the innovation platform – Mobile, Social, and
Big Data : Cloud technology provides a common platform for
Mobile, Social, and Big Data applications to cross pollinate as
well as enhance and extend existing investments. Cloud as
innovation platform will give you the agility to respond quickly to
new innovations, e.g. wearable technology or speech & gesture
interaction with applications.
2. BYOD to the cloud : “bring your own device” is more relevant
than ever in the world of cloud computing. This means that IT
departments must find the means to integrate personal cloud
services for their employees in a BYOD environment with tools
such as Mobile Device Management (MDM).
3. Platform – as – a – Service (PaaS) : PaaS solutions enable
business to reduce their IT costs while increasing applications
development through more efficient testing and development
methods. According to the International Data Corporation(IDC), by
2017 the PaaS market is anticipated to expand from $3.7 billion to $14
billion worldwide.
4. Software – Defined Hardware : All big industry shifts have been
driven by new computing platforms, from the PC to client-server to the
Internet. For servers, storage and networking equipment to behave like
one big “machine”, where applications can assume massive
scalability, the entire infrastructure must be virtualized and centrally
controllable – that is, software-defined. Ultimately this trend goes
beyond SDN to include every system in the data center. Advanced
software control schemes pioneered by public cloud providers will
continue to trickle down to the enterprise.
5. Big Data – Actionable data : Many organizations are realizing
that it may be much simpler and more beneficial to combine big data
analytics with cloud computing than to choose one over the other.
The emergence, within the next few years, of big data analytics as a
service will offer businesses of any size an easily attainable and
scalable tool for competing in the global marketplace. “Big Data” has
become the catch-all phrase for the volume of data businesses
generate today. The up to nine fold increase of digital information
shared in the last five years need to be analyzed in context and made
actionable. We call it smart data. Without appropriate action, the
collection and analysis of the data is worthless.
Cloud technology makes the collection, analysis and dissemination of
results and actions that much easier due to its flexibility. Big Data and
Predictive Analytics will merge and likely fall under the single concept
of Predictive Technology.
6. “How secure is the cloud” : Security has always been a major
concern with clod computing. As more businesses move more information
and data into cloud servers, this concern is more important than ever. It is
anticipated that over the next year, there will be identity management
solutions based on new cloud based security paradigms.
7. Social – Collaboration in a business context : A new generation
of digital consumers is coming into the market place. As a result, in 2 years
5 generations of workforce will need to work together. Focusing only on
transactional systems will mean a huge loss of accumulated business
knowledge to the organization. Collaboration between generations of
employees will have to be transactional as well as provide business context
for a successful knowledge transfer. This will only be possible if collaboration
is embedded into the business process.
Increasingly business processes will have many cloud touch points, making
a case for cloud based collaboration. And this collaboration will also span
across cloud and on premise systems – helping the delivery models to
converge.
 The results of this year fourth annual Future of Cloud
computing Survey, conducted by North Bridge Venture
Partners, Gigaom Research and supported by more
than 70 collaborating organizations was announced
and supporting the above trends. This year’s survey is
the largest to date, and is the industry’s deepest and
broadest examination of the cloud technology
revolution. It analyzed the drivers and inhibitors behind
cloud adoption, separating the hype surrounding the
cloud from genuine industry trends and real-world
cases across a sample of 1,358 respondents.
Cloud Adoption is Strategic :
 49 percent of respondents in this year’s survey are using cloud to
fuel revenue generation or new product creation.
 45 percent of businesses sy they already, or plan to, run their
company from the cloud, showing how integral cloud is to
business.
SaaS Adoption Has More Than Quintupled
 From 11 percent adoption in 2011 to 74 percent in this yerar’s
survey. But in the enterprise it is still mostly transitioning existing
applications.
 The front office is leading the way with sales and marketing at 51
percent adoption, and customer service and analytics both at 43
percent adoption.
IaaS and Paas Adoption Reaching a Tipping Point
 56 percent of businesses are using Infrastructure – as – a –
Service (IaaS) technologies to harness elastic computing
resources.
 41 percent of businesses are using PaaS technologies to
prototype and develop new applications.
Data Wants to Be Bigger in the Cloud
 Two thirds of respondents believe their data will come to reside
in some form of cloud over the next two years as bigger data
needs consolidation and collaboration and creation go online.
Cloud Deployment Model
 Factors Public Cloud Private Cloud Community Cloud Hybrid Cloud

Complex, requires a Complex, requires a Complex, requires a

Initial Setup Easy professional team professional team professional team
to setup to setup to setup

Scalability and
High High Fixed High
Flexibility

Distributed cost Between public

Cost-Comparison Cost-Effective Costly
among members and private cloud

Reliability Low Low High High

Data Security Low High High High

Data Privacy Low High High High

Cloud Computing Architecture
Front end
 Used by client
 Contains all the client side interfaces and applications that
are required to access the cloud platform.
Back end
 Used by service provider.
 It manages all the resources that are required to provide
cloud computing services.
 It includes huge amount of data storage, security
mechanisms, virtual machines deployment models, servers
etc
Layered Architecture of Cloud
 It is possible to organize all the concrete realizations of cloud computing
into a layered view covering the entire, from hardware appliances to
software systems.
 All of the physical manifestations of cloud computing can be arranged into
a layered picture that encompasses anything from software systems to
hardware appliances.
 Utilizing cloud resources can provide the “computer horsepower” needed
to deliver services.
 This layer is frequently done utilizing a data center with dozens or even
millions of stacked nodes.
 Because it can be constructed from a range of resources, including clusters
and even networked PCs, cloud infrastructure can be heterogeneous in
character.
 The infrastructure can also include database systems and other storage
services.
 The core middleware, whose goals are to create an optimal runtime
environment for applications and to best utilize resources, manages
the physical infrastructure.
 Virtualization technologies are employed at the bottom of the stack to
ensure runtime environment modification, application isolation,
sandboxing, and service quality.
 At this level, hardware virtualization is most frequently utilized.
 The distributed infrastructure is exposed as a collection of virtual
computers via hypervisors, which control the pool of available
resources.
 By adopting virtual machine technology, it is feasible to precisely
divide up hardware resources like CPU and memory as well as
virtualize particular devices to accommodate user and application
needs.
Application Layer
1. The application layer, which is at the top of the stack, is where the
actual cloud apps are located. Cloud applications, as opposed to
traditional applications, can take advantage of the automatic-
scaling functionality to gain greater performance, availability, and
lower operational costs.
2. This layer consists of different Cloud Services which are used by
cloud users. Users can access these applications according to their
needs. Applications are divided into Execution
layers and Application layers.
3. In order for an application to transfer data, the application layer
determines whether communication partners are available.
Whether enough cloud resources are accessible for the required
communication is decided at the application layer. Applications
must cooperate in order to communicate, and an application
layer is in charge of this.
4. The application layer, in particular, is responsible for
processing IP traffic handling protocols like Telnet and
FTP.
Other examples of application layer systems
include web browsers, SNMP protocols, HTTP protocols,
or HTTPS, which is HTTP’s successor protocol.
Platform Layer
1. The operating system and application software make up this layer.
2. Users should be able to rely on the platform to provide them
with Scalability, Dependability, and Security Protection which gives
users a space to create their apps, test operational processes, and
keep track of execution outcomes and performance. SaaS application
implementation’s application layer foundation.
3. The objective of this layer is to deploy applications directly on virtual
machines.
4. Operating systems and application frameworks make up the platform
layer, which is built on top of the infrastructure layer. The platform
layer’s goal is to lessen the difficulty of deploying programmers directly
into VM containers.
5. By way of illustration, Google App Engine functions at the platform
layer to provide API support for implementing storage, databases, and
business logic of ordinary web apps.
Infrastructure Layer
1. It is a layer of virtualization where physical resources are
divided into a collection of virtual resources using virtualization
technologies like Xen, KVM, and VMware.
2. This layer serves as the Central Hub of the Cloud Environment,
where resources are constantly added utilizing a variety of
virtualization techniques.
3. A base upon which to create the platform layer. constructed
using the virtualized network, storage, and computing
resources. Give users the flexibility they want.
4. Automated resource provisioning is made possible by
virtualization, which also improves infrastructure management.
5. The infrastructure layer sometimes referred to as the
virtualization layer, partitions the physical resources using
virtualization technologies like Xen, KVM, Hyper-V, and
VMware to create a pool of compute and storage resources.
6. The infrastructure layer is crucial to cloud computing since
virtualization technologies are the only ones that can provide
many vital capabilities, like dynamic resource assignment.
Datacenter Layer
1. In a cloud environment, this layer is responsible for Managing Physical
Resources such as servers, switches, routers, power supplies, and
cooling systems.
2. Providing end users with services requires all resources to be available
and managed in data centers.
3. Physical servers connect through high-speed devices such as routers
and switches to the data center.
4. In software application designs, the division of business logic from the
persistent data it manipulates is well-established.
This is due to the fact that the same data cannot be
incorporated into a single application because it can be used in
numerous ways to support numerous use cases.
The requirement for this data to become a service has arisen
with the introduction of micro services.
5. A single database used by many micro services creates a very
close coupling.
As a result, it is hard to deploy new or emerging services
separately if such services need database modifications that may
have an impact on other services.
A data layer containing many databases, each serving
a single micro service or perhaps a few closely related micro services,
is needed to break complex service interdependencies.
Virtualization in Cloud Computing
 Virtualization is a technique how to separate a service from
the underlying physical delivery of that service.
 It is the process of creating a virtual version of something
like computer hardware.
 It was initially developed during the mainframe era.
 It involves using specialized software to create a virtual or
software-created version of a computing resource rather
than the actual version of the same resource.
 With the help of Virtualization, multiple operating systems
and applications can run on the same machine and its
same hardware at the same time, increasing the utilization
and flexibility of hardware.
 In other words, one of the main cost-effective, hardware-reducing,
and energy-saving techniques used by cloud providers is
Virtualization.
 Virtualization allows sharing of a single physical instance of a
resource or an application among multiple customers and
organizations at one time.
 It does this by assigning a logical name to physical storage and
providing a pointer to that physical resource on demand.
 The term virtualization is often synonymous with hardware
virtualization, which plays a fundamental role in efficiently
delivering Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS) solutions for cloud
computing.
 Moreover, virtualization technologies provide a virtual environment
for not only executing applications but also for storage, memory,
 Host Machine: The machine on which
the virtual machine is going to be built is
known as Host Machine.
 Guest Machine: The virtual machine is
referred to as a Guest Machine.
Work of Virtualization in Cloud Computing
 Virtualization has a prominent impact on Cloud Computing.
 In the case of cloud computing, users store data in the cloud, but
with the help of Virtualization, users have the extra benefit of
sharing the infrastructure.
 Cloud Vendors take care of the required physical resources, but
these cloud providers charge a huge amount for these services
which impacts every user or organization.
 Virtualization helps Users or Organisations in maintaining those
services which are required by a company through external (third-
party) people, which helps in reducing costs to the company.
 This is the way through which Virtualization works in Cloud
Computing.
1. Software as a Service (SaaS)

 It is the transmission of Applications to end-users by the web

browsers.
 Cloud clients install it and they can enable them to run on the
cloud platform. But it is not mandatory for this process because
they need software support and reduced maintenance.
 Instead, they can use SaaS applications which is portable.
 The best example, an Office Suite.
 SaaS provides us the Application Programming Interface (API),
which allows the developers to build the desired application.
Applications

 CRM Application (Customer Relation Management)

 Help Desk
 HR Solution
 Billing and Invoicing
Characteristics of SAAS

 Availability of software over internet.

 Maintenance of software by vendor.
 Subscription or usage based license.
 Cost effective
 On-demand availability
 Easily Scalable as per need.
 Works on shared model.
 Automatic updation of software.
Benefits of SAAS

 Modern software tools

 Platform independence to user.
 Efficient use of software license.
 Multitenant solution
 Centralized management
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
 It is the part of the application development and deployment
platform as an available service to programmers or developers.
 They can utilize the basement to build, deploy, test and handle SaaS
applications effectively.
 The major attributes of PaaS have point-and-snap equipment that
empowers the programmer to design web-based applications.
 Some examples are Google, [Link], Apache, AWS elastic
beanstalk and Windows Azure.
Benefits of PAAS

 Lower Cost : - Customer doesn’t need to purchase

hardware and software.
 Scalability : - Resources can be scale up and scale down
easily.
 Updated software system : - software maintanance is the
issue or responsibilities of vendor
 Less admin overhead : - Administration is done by cloud
provider.
Issues of PAAS

 Portability issue among paas cloud providers.

 Event based processor scheduling.
 Security : (latest crypto graphic Algo should be used.
Characteristics of PAAS

 Browser based environment for the development of

application.
 Secured, scalable, web services.
 Easy workflow, and approval process.
 Easy integration with other applications.
Types of PaaS

 Stand – alone Application development

 Application delivery only
 Open platform
 Add-on Development
3. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
 Cloud computing offers virtual and physical computers.
 The actual machines are accessed by hypervisors that are grouped
into pools and managed by operational supportive networks.
 Cloud computing introduces operating framework pictures on actual
machines and application programming.
 Infrastructure as a service offers resources like firewalls, IP addresses,
monitoring services, storages, bandwidth, virtual machines and so on,
all are made available to the clients on cost on a time basis.
 Examples: Windows Azure, Google Compute Engine, Amazon EC2,
Rackspace.
 It provides access to physical machine, virtual machines
(operates by hypervisor), virtual storage

Offers :
 Virtual LAN
 IP addresses
 Software bundles
 Load balancers
 Disk storage
Benefits of IAAS

 Using IAAS, cloud provider can freely locate

infrastructure over the internet in cost-effective manner.
 Global Accessibility
 Easy Integration of devices
 Scalability is easy
 Availability is high
 Flexibility
 Full control to virtual machines.
IAAS Issue

1. Compatibility : consumer need to use only legacy

software on the infrastructure.
2. Virtual machine : Mismatch between the virtual
machine security and cloud provide security version.
3. Rebustness : Splitting of single system resource into
multiple virtual machines.
4. Data Deletion : If client detects the data then provider
should also delete it permanently.
Characteristics of IAAS

1. Pre – Installed software

2. Pre – Installed operating system
3. Resources on – demand
4. Multiple copy of data
5. Scalability of computing
Benefits of Cloud Computing Technologies
 High scalability: It requests the supply of resources on a large scale
without any human intervention.
 High availability and reliability: The servers are available at the right
time without any delay or disappointment
 Agility: It divides the resources effectively among the users and
executes very quickly.
 Multi-sharing: By distributed computing, different clients from multiple
areas share the same resources by fundamental infrastructure.
 Maintenance: It is user-friendly as they are easy to access from their
place and doesn’t require any installation set up.
 Low cost: It is very cost-effective and pays to its usage.
 Services as pay to use mode: Application Programming Interface is
given to customers to use resources and services and pay on the
service basis.
 On-Demand Self Service: Cloud computing offers the required
services and application to the client. With the login key, they can
start to use without any human interaction and cloud service
providers. It includes storage and virtual machines.
 What is Cloud Computing?
 The term “Cloud Computing” generally refers to the ability of a system
to store data or applications on remote servers, process data or
applications from servers, and access data and applications via the
Internet.
 Cloud computing provides scalability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness,
and security to individuals and organizations to manage their IT
operations.
 Cloud computing works on a Pay-on-Use basis for individuals and
organizations.
 It is an on-demand availability of system resources and computing
power without direct active management by the user.
Examples of Cloud Computing:
 Cloud-based virtual desktops: These help users access their
systems and applications by using any device from anywhere. Examples of
Cloud-based virtual desktop providers are Amazon WorkSpace, VM ware,
Horizon Cloud, and Virtual Windows of Microsoft.

 Cloud Backup and Cloud Storage: Cloud storage generally

provides safe and scalable storage options for organizations and individuals
to store and Cloud backup provides backup for the data.

 Cloud disaster recovery: This service users to have a backup of their

data when any disaster recovery needs to occur. Some Examples of Cloud
disaster recovery include Mozy, Amazon Glacier, and Carbonite.
 Infrastructure-as-a-Service(IaaS): It helps businesses to scale
their computer resources up or down whenever needed
without any requirement for capital expenditure on physical
infrastructure. Examples of IaaS providers are Amazon Web
Service(AWS), Google Cloud, and Microsoft Azure.
 Software-as-a-Service(SaaS): With the help of SaaS, users can
able to access applications hosted in the cloud, rather than
installing and running them on their local devices. Examples of
SaaS applications are Salesforce, Dropbox, and Microsoft Office
365.
 Platform-as-a-Service(PaaS): This helps organizations with a
cloud-based platform to build, deploy, and manage
applications. Examples of PaaS providers are Google App
Engine, Microsoft Azure, etc.
Cloud Computing

 It provides us the means by which we can access the applications

as utilities over the internet
 Cloud : It is something which is present at remote location.
 Cloud computing refers to manipulating, configured configuring
and accessing the application online.
Working models for cloud
computing
Deployment Models

 It defines the type of access to the cloud

 Public : - services are accessible to the general public (less secure).
 Private : - accessible within an organization (more secure)
 Hybrid : - public + private
critical -> Private
Non – Critical -> Public
 Community : - Accessible by group of organizations.
Service Models
 These are the reference models on which the cloud computing is
based.
Cloud computing Benefits

 Access application over the internet.

 Manipulation and configuration of the application online any time.
 No s/w installation is required.
 PAAS :- Online development and deployment tools.
 On-demand Self service.
 Cost effective
 More Reliable
 Efficient load Balancing
 Fast access of resources due to parallel computing.
Risks of Cloud computing

 By whom data and application will be accessed.

 Security methods for the data storage and transmissions.
 How data and application from various customers reserved
separately.
 Where will data be stored.
Main components of cloud
Infrastructure
 Front – end Interface for end – user.
 Management for handling n/w resources
 Storage for Virtual machine.
 Constant storage tool working in VM.
 Monitoring tools
Types of Cloud Environment

 End user has no idea about cloud complexity.

 Cloud service provides who has cloud
environment.
Limitations of Cloud Computing

 Availability of Services : - Accessed via Internet.

 Data Lock – In :- Shifting of large volume data from one platform to
other.
 Data Segregation :-
 Scaling Resources :- Sudden demand of increased resource come.
 Location of Data :- Geographically each country has its own rule.
 Deletion of Data :- Users demands complete removed of data.
 Recovery and Backup :-