PART-I (attempt all questions)

Question 1.

Choose the correct option: [10*1]

(i) The reason for less rainfall Rajasthan is ______

(a)The monsoon fails to reach this area

(b)It is too hot there

(c)There is no water available and thus, the wind remain dry

(d)The winds do not come across any barrier to cause necessary uplift to be cooled

(ii) Which of the following is/are true in respect of alluvial soil?

I. Generally confined to river basins

II. It has been deposited by rivers

III. It is rich in phosphorus and poor in potash

IV. It is the most fertile soil

(a) Only I (b) III and IV (c) I, II and IV (d) I, II and III

(iii) The most important commercial forests of India are _________

(a) Tropical evergreen (b) Tropical deciduous (c) Mangrove (d) Coniferous

(iv) Canal irrigation is popular in the Northern Plains:

(a) These plains have perennial rivers and the land is soft enough for canals to be constructed

from rivers to the fields.

(b) These plains a very rocky terrain.

(c) The rivers are seasonal and flooded during monsoon.

(d) There are many rapids and waterfalls.

(v) Manganese is used:

(a) for making iron and steel. (b) for making paints.

(c) to increase the strength of steel. (d) All of these

(vi) When was the New Agricultural Policy adopted by India?

(a) 1970s (b) 1980s (c) 1990s (d) 1960s

(vii) Which of the following states is the largest producer of sugar in India?

(a) Uttar Pradesh (b) Haryana (c) Maharashtra (d) West Bengal

(viii) Central Road Fund has been created for the development of:
 (a) National Highway (b) Rural Roads (c) State Roads (d) All of these

(ix) Bagasse, a by-product of sugarcane, is used in:

(a) manufacturing paper pulp

(b) making packaging material of dairy products

(c) both (a) and (b)

(d) neither (a) nor (b)

(x) Sprinkler irrigation is practiced in arid and semi-arid regions:

(a) It is cheap and easy to install.

(b) It reduces loss of water due evaporation and seepage.

(c) It can be used for all types of crops.

(d) It requires simple machinery.

PART-II (Attempt any five questions)

(a) Western disturbances are weather phenomena originating in the Mediterranean region that brings
sudden winter rain to the North-Western parts of the Indian sub-continent. They are significant
for agriculture in the region, especially for the Rabi crops. The disturbances are more pronounced
in the winter season and are known for causing abrupt changes in weather, leading to
precipitation, cold waves and even snowfall in the higher altitudes of the Himalayas. For instance,
during the winter of 2023, a particularly strong Western disturbance led to heavy rainfall and
snowfall in states like. Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand, which
significantly impacted

local agriculture and day-to-day life.

(Source India Meteorological Department)

(i) Which area of India receives rainfall from Western disturbances?[1]

(ii) Why is the rainfall important?[1]

(b) (i) What is the source of winter rain in Tamil Nadu?[1]

(ii) Mention the four seasons prevail over India.[1]

(c) Give a reason for each of the following.[1+1+1]

(i) lucknow receives less rainfall than Kolkata.

(ii) The Arabian Sea branch of the South-West monsoon does not give rainfall to Western Rajasthan

(iii) India experinces a wide variation of climatic conditions.

Mont Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun July Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
h
Temp 23.8 25.0 27.7 28.3 30.2 30.3 30.4 30. 30.0 30.3 25.5 24.2
(oC) 3
RF 0 0 1.1 1.5 2.1 45.3 46.5 45. 43.3 20.1 3.0 1
(cms) 4

(i) Calculate the annual range of temperature.

(ii) What is the total rainfall during the monsoon season?

(iii) On which coast is the station located ? Give a reason for your answer.

Question 3.

(a) With reference to soil erosion in India answer the following questions.

(i) What is leaching?[1]

(ii) What are causes of bank erosion?[1]

(b) Raj and Meera were visiting their grandfather's farm during their summer vacation. One afternoon,
while walking through the fields, they noticed that some parts of the farm land had deep grooves and
channels. Raj's grandfather explained that this was due to soil erosion, a process that had been
worsening due to recent heavy rains. He pointed out how the top soil, which is vital for growing crops,
was being washed away, leaving the land less fertile.

(i) Based on Raj and Meera’s grandfather’s explanation, what is soil erosion?[1]

(ii) What are the causes of soil erosion? State two causes.

(c) With refference to black soil, answer the following.[1+1+1]

(i) How is it formed?

(ii) Why is it good for cotton cultivation?

(iii) Name any two areas where it is found.

(d) Give a reason for each of the following.[1+1+1]

(i) Humus is good for soils.

(ii) Alluvial soil is called as transported soil.

(iii) Black soil is called as in-situ soil.

Question 4.

(a) Rama once visited the Sundarbans i.e. a tidal forest and was mesmerised by the beauty of the
forest area.
All the trees have breathing roots and it's incredible to see such a difference in the forest compared to
his hometown in Jharkhand.

(i) What is tidal forest?[1]

(ii) Name two species of trees found in such forests.[1]

(b) (i) State two objectives of forests conservation. [1]

(ii) Mention any two regions having Tropical Evergreen Forests.[1]

(c) Give one reasons to explain why humans are responsible for deforestation? State any two effects
of deforestation. [1+2]

(d) (i) What name is given to the forests found on the Western side of the Western Ghats region?[1]

(ii) Why are these forests given this name?[1]

(iii) What is meant by natural vegetation?[1]

Question 5.

(a) Why inundation canals are being converted into perennial canals? State two reasons.[2]

(b) Distinguish between sprinkler and drip irrigation system.[2]

(c) Why irrigation important for agriculture in India? Give two reasons.[3]

(d) Answer the following.

(i) Give two advantages of tube-well irrigation.[2]

(ii) Define the term ‘Water resource’.[1]

Question 6.

(a) (i) What are minarels?[1]

(ii) State the main source of electric power generation used in India.[1]

(b) With refference to Bhakra Nangal Dam Project, answer the following.

(i) On which river it is located?[1]

(ii) Name the longest dam in India.[1]

(c) (i) Mention any two advantages of using biogas.[2]

(ii) Name an iron ore mine in Karnataka.[1]

(d)
 (i) Identify the picture given in the diagram.[1]

(ii) Mention one advantage of it.[1]

(iii) Why has the use of renewable sources of energy become essential in modern times?[1]

Question 7.

(a) Mention two conditions necessary for the growth of tea plant.[2]

(b) Name two states where tea grows well.[2]

(c) With refference to the cultivation of tea in South India:[1+1+1]

(i) Name one important tea growing area.

(ii) Name the most important port for export of tea.

(iii) After tea is picked it has to go through various states of processing. Name any two of the first

Four stages.

(d) What is meant by Kharif and Rabi Crops? Give examples.[3]

Question 8.

(a) Mention two points of difference between small scale and large scale industry.[2]

(b) Explain two ways in which cotton textile industry is important for India’s economy.[2]

(c) With refference to petrochemical industry, answer the following.[1+1+1]

(i) State a reason for the growing popularity of this industry in rwcent times.

(ii) Why is it located close to oil refineries?

(iii) Name any two petrochemical products.

(d) Give one reason to explain each of the following.[1+1+1]

(i) Sugar production is gradually gaining importance in peninsular India.

(ii) Indian silk products are becoming less popular in the international market.

(iii) The importance of the iron and steel industry will never decline.

Question 9.

(a) Mention two disadvantages of using waterways.[2]

(b) The Golden Quadrilateral has contributed towards improvement of the Indian economy-Explain.[2]

(c) (i) Which rail gauge is mostly limited to hilly areas only?[1]

(ii) Name the organisation responsible for the maintenance of the National Highways of India.[1]

(iii) Which is the Inland Waterway that cnnects Prayagraj to Haldia?[1]

(d) Give a reason for each of the following.[1+1+1]

(i) At present times, airports are being established even in smaller towns of Indian.
 (ii) Railways are well developed in the Northern states of India.

(iii) Helicopter services are crucial during emergencies.

Question 10.

(a) Give a reason for each of the following.[1+1]

(i) Waste segregation is key to waste management.

(ii) In the primary stage of treatment water is unfuit for drinking.

(b) Name one technique of waste management each in urban and rural areas.[2]

(c) Cyclone Nisarga will cross Maharashtra coast between Harihareshwar and Daman, very close to
Alibagh on 3rd June, 2020 (Wednesday) afternoon and will affect the Coastal districts of
Maharashtra, including Mumbai, Gujarat and other neighbouring states, according to IMD. It will
make landfall as severe cyclonic storm: Cyclone Nisarga, which intensified into a severe cyclonic
storm in the Arabian Sea, is making landfall along India's Western coast, forcing a high alert in the
financial hub of Mumbai and evacuation of tens of thousands of people.(Source : IMO)

(i) Which did Cyclone Nisarga expected to make landfall on the Maharashtra coast?[1]

(ii) Which areas were directly affected by Cyclone Nisarga according to the IMD?[1]

(iii) What kind of damage can be expected from severe cyclonic storm like Cyclone Nisarga?[1]

(d) What is a snitary landfill? How is waste disposed of in a sanitary landfill?[3]