Real numbers

Inequalities
Polynomials
Real Functions
Absolute vale
 Wisconsin Mathematics Formula Reference Sheet

Shape Formulas for Area (A) and Circumference (C )

Triangle 1 1
A ! 2 bh ! 2 " base " height

Rectangle A ! lw ! length " width

1 1
Trapezoid A ! 2 (b1 + b2)h ! 2 " sum of bases " height

Parallelogram A ! bh ! base " height

SA ! πr2 ! π " square of radius

Circle
C ! 2πr ! 2 " π " radius

Figure Formulas for Volume (V ) and Surface Area (SA)

Rectangular Prism
SV ! lwh ! length " width " height
SA ! 2lw # 2hw # 2lh
! 2(length " width) # 2(height " width) # 2(length " height)

General SV ! Bh ! area of base " height

Prisms
SA ! sum of the areas of the faces

Right Circular
SV ! Bh ! area of base " height
Cylinder
SA ! 2B # Ch ! (2 " area of base) # (circumference " height)

1 1
Right Pyramid SV ! 3Bh ! 3 " area of base " height
1
SA ! B # 2 Pl
1
! area of base # (2 " perimeter of base " slant height)

Right Circular 1 1
Cone SV ! 3Bh ! 3 " area of base " height
1 1
SA ! B # 2 Cl ! area of base # (2 " circumference " slant height)

Sphere 4 4
SV ! 3πr3 ! 3 " π " cube of radius
SA ! 4πr2 ! 4 " π " square of radius

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 Equations of a Line Coordinate Geometry Formulas
Let (x1, y1) and (x2, y2) be two points
Slope-Intercept Form: y ! mx " b in the plane.

where m ! slope and b ! y-intercept y2 # y1

slope ! x # x where x2 $ x1
2 1

 x 1 "x 2 y 1 "y 2 
midpoint !  ,
2 2 
Point-Slope Form: y # y1 ! m(x # x1)
where m ! slope, (x1, y1) ! point on line distance ! (x2 # x1)2 " (y2 # y1)2

Combinations and Permutations Polygon Angle Formulas

Sum of degree measures of the interior
angles of a polygon:
n! n! 180(n # 2)
nCr ! r!(n#r)! nPr ! (n#r)!
Degree measure of an interior angle of
a regular polygon:
180(n # 2)
Formulas for Right Triangles n
where n is the number of sides of the polygon


opp 

a 
Interest Formulas
sin x ! c ! 
hyp

c a Simple Interest: A ! P(1 " rt)
adj 

b 
cos x ! c ! 
x hyp  r ( ) nt

Compound Interest: A ! P 1 " n
b
opp 

a  A ! amount (including interest)
tan x ! ! 
b adj 

P ! principal
r ! interest rate (expressed as a decimal)
Pythagorean Theorem: a2 " b2 ! c2 n ! number of compoundings per year
t ! number of years
Special Right Triangles
Quadratic Equations
2
Let ax + bx + c = 0, where a $ 0.
−b ± b2 # 4ac
Then x !
30˚ 45˚ 2a
2 3 x-coordinate of vertex = # b
2 1 2a

Distance Traveled
60˚ 45˚
1 1 d ! rt
distance ! rate % time
Real life Application
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