𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅

𝟏𝟏. 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 (𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏) − 𝒚𝒚 = 𝒆𝒆𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 (𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏)𝟐𝟐

𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 (𝑥𝑥 + 1) 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑥𝑥 + 1) 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 (𝑥𝑥 + 1)2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 𝑦𝑦 =
(𝑥𝑥 + 1) (𝑥𝑥 + 1) (𝑥𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦
− = 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 (𝑥𝑥 + 1)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 (𝑥𝑥 + 1)
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑄𝑄
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
𝑝𝑝 = − 𝑄𝑄 = 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 (𝑥𝑥 + 1)
(𝑥𝑥 + 1)

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃
1
∫ −(𝑥𝑥+1)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 −𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙(𝑥𝑥+1)
−1
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙(𝑥𝑥+1)
1
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 =
𝑥𝑥 + 1
Solution is

𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = � 𝑄𝑄𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1 1
𝑦𝑦 = � 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 (𝑥𝑥 + 1) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 + 1
1
𝑦𝑦 = � 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 + 1
𝒚𝒚 𝒆𝒆𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
= + 𝒄𝒄
𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑
𝟐𝟐/𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺𝑺 𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚𝒚 + (𝒙𝒙 − 𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍)𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝟎𝟎
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + (𝑥𝑥 − 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒,
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = −𝑥𝑥 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 −𝑥𝑥 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= +
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 −𝑥𝑥 1
= +
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 1
+ =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑄𝑄
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 1
𝑝𝑝 = 𝑄𝑄 =
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 𝑦𝑦
1
∫𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 log(𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙)
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
Solution is

𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = � 𝑄𝑄𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)2
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = ∫ 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦
∫ 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)𝑓𝑓 ′ (𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 2
+ 𝑐𝑐

(𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍𝒍)𝟐𝟐
𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙 = + 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐
 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
5. 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷𝐷 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑦𝑦
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑦𝑦

1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
+ = 𝑥𝑥 3
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 2 𝑦𝑦
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥2𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝑦𝑦 + = 𝑥𝑥 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑦𝑦 = 𝑧𝑧 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 2 𝑦𝑦 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑄𝑄
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑝𝑝 = 2𝑥𝑥 𝑄𝑄 = 𝑥𝑥 3

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 ∫ 2𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

2
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
Solution is

𝑦𝑦𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = � 𝑄𝑄𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

 2 2
𝑧𝑧𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = � 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

2 2
𝑧𝑧𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = � 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

2 1 2
𝑧𝑧𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = � 2𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 2 = 𝑡𝑡
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2𝑥𝑥 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
𝑧𝑧𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 = � 𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑡𝑡 = 𝑢𝑢 𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑣𝑣
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝
𝑑𝑑
� 𝑢𝑢. 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 = 𝑢𝑢 � 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 − � � 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 𝑑𝑑
𝑧𝑧𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 = �𝑡𝑡 � 𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − � � 𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑�
2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
𝑧𝑧𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 = �𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 − � 𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑�
2
1
𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧 𝑡𝑡 = (𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 − 𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 ) + 𝑐𝑐
2
1
𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 (𝑡𝑡 − 1) + 𝑐𝑐
2
𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑧𝑧 = 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡 = 𝑥𝑥 2
2 1 2
𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 (𝑥𝑥 2 − 1) + 𝑐𝑐
2
8. 𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆 (1 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + (𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
(1 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + (𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 1 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑦𝑦 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕
= (1 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥) = (𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 )
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 2
=� 1+ 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥� = � 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 �
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛
= 0 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑
= 𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = = 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒: 𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

� 𝑀𝑀 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑁𝑁 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐶𝐶
𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥

�(1 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 0𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑐𝑐

� 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑦𝑦 � 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑦𝑦 � 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐

𝑥𝑥 2
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 � 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 𝑥𝑥 2 = 𝑡𝑡
2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 2 𝑥𝑥 2
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 � 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐
2 2
𝑥𝑥 2
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑦𝑦 = 𝑐𝑐
2
 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑦𝑦
9. + =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑦𝑦
𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿𝐿 + = 0 … … … … … … … … … . .1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑦𝑦
=−
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥
(𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = −(𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
(𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + (𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =0
𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟𝑟 , (𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + (𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑥𝑥)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 =0
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑦𝑦 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑥𝑥
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑦𝑦 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 1 = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 1
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = = 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 + 1
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒:
𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

� 𝑀𝑀 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑁𝑁 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐶𝐶
𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥

�(𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑦𝑦 ) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 0𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑐𝑐

y∫ 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 ∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑦𝑦 ∫ 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑐𝑐

𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠. 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦. 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐
𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑐𝑐
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. (𝒙𝒙𝒚𝒚𝟑𝟑 + 𝒚𝒚)𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 + 𝟐𝟐(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚𝟒𝟒 )𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝟎𝟎
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0
𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = (𝒙𝒙𝒚𝒚𝟑𝟑 + 𝒚𝒚) 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = 𝟐𝟐(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚𝟒𝟒 )
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑦𝑦 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= (𝒙𝒙𝒚𝒚𝟑𝟑 + 𝒚𝒚) = 𝟐𝟐(𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚𝟒𝟒 )
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 2𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 + 1 = 4𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 + 1
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 2𝑦𝑦 2 𝑥𝑥 + 1 = 4𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 + 1
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 ≠
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛:
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝐼𝐼. 𝐹𝐹 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑛𝑛 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜
𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒.
1
𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 𝐷𝐷. 𝐸𝐸. 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐼𝐼. 𝐹𝐹 =
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
1 1
(𝒙𝒙𝒚𝒚𝟑𝟑 + 𝒚𝒚)𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 + (𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟒𝟒 )𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝟎𝟎
𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥
1 2
�𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + � 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 + �𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙 + + 2𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 3 � 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝟎𝟎
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦

𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑀𝑀(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑁𝑁(𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦)𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 0

1 2
𝑀𝑀1 (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = �𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + � 𝑁𝑁1 (𝑥𝑥, 𝑦𝑦) = �𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + + 2𝑦𝑦 3 �
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑦𝑦 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑. 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤 𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝑀𝑀1 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕𝑁𝑁1 𝜕𝜕 2
= �𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + � = �𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + + 2𝑦𝑦 3 �
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕𝑀𝑀1 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 1 𝜕𝜕𝑁𝑁1
= � 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + � = 2𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕𝑀𝑀1 𝑑𝑑 1 −1 𝑑𝑑
= 2𝑦𝑦 = 1 = −0
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝜕𝜕𝑀𝑀1 𝜕𝜕𝑁𝑁1
𝑡𝑡 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = = 2𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑠𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂𝑂 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒:
𝑇𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑒 𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖

� 𝑀𝑀 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑁𝑁 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐶𝐶
𝑦𝑦 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑥𝑥

1 2
� �𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � � + 2𝑦𝑦 3 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
1 2
𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 � 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + � 2𝑦𝑦 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦
𝑦𝑦 4
𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 + 2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 + = 𝑐𝑐
2
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝑨𝑨 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊
𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬. 𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬.
𝐿𝐿 = 10𝐻𝐻, 𝑅𝑅 = 20Ω 𝑉𝑉 = 100
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾ℎℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑠𝑠 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐿𝐿 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐿𝐿 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑖
𝐿𝐿
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡)
𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡)
+ =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 20 100
+ 𝑖𝑖 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10 10
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 2𝑖𝑖 = 10
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑄𝑄
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑝𝑝 = 2 𝑄𝑄 = 10

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 ∫ 2𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡
Solution is

𝑦𝑦𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = � 𝑄𝑄𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 = � 10𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

10𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡
𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 = + 𝑐𝑐
2
𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 = 5𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 5𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 𝑐𝑐
= +
𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡
𝑖𝑖 = 5 + 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 −2𝑡𝑡
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧 𝑖𝑖. 𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖 = 0 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 = 0
0 = 5 + 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 0
𝐶𝐶 = −5
𝑖𝑖 = 5 − 5𝑒𝑒 −2𝑡𝑡
𝑖𝑖(𝑡𝑡) = 5(1 − 𝑒𝑒 −2𝑡𝑡 )
𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬
𝑖𝑖(𝑡𝑡 = 2) = 5(1 − 𝑒𝑒 −2×2 )
𝒊𝒊(𝒕𝒕 = 𝟐𝟐) = 𝟓𝟓(𝟏𝟏 − 𝒆𝒆−𝟒𝟒 )𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝒆𝒆−𝟒𝟒 = 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝒊𝒊(𝒕𝒕 = 𝟐𝟐) = 𝟓𝟓(𝟏𝟏 − 𝟎𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎)𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝒊𝒊(𝒕𝒕 = 𝟐𝟐) = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝟐𝟐 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝟒𝟒. 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. 𝑨𝑨 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉𝒉 𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯𝑯 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊
𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬. 𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝𝐝 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬.
𝐿𝐿 = 10𝐻𝐻, 𝑅𝑅 = 15Ω 𝑉𝑉 = 90
𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾ℎℎ𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑠𝑠 𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐿𝐿 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏 𝐿𝐿 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏𝑏ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐿𝐿
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 = 𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡)
𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝐸𝐸(𝑡𝑡)
+ =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐿𝐿 𝐿𝐿
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 15 90
+ 𝑖𝑖 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 10 10
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 1.5𝑖𝑖 = 9
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤ℎ 𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠𝑠 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
+ 𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝 = 𝑄𝑄
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑝𝑝 = 1.5 𝑄𝑄 = 9

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃

𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒 ∫ 1.5𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐼𝐼𝐼𝐼 = 𝑒𝑒1.5𝑡𝑡

Solution is

𝑦𝑦𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 = � 𝑄𝑄𝑒𝑒 ∫ 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒1.5𝑡𝑡 = � 9𝑒𝑒1.5𝑡𝑡 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1.5𝑡𝑡
9𝑒𝑒1.5𝑡𝑡
𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒 = + 𝑐𝑐
1.5
𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒1.5𝑡𝑡 = 6𝑒𝑒1.5𝑡𝑡 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑖𝑖𝑒𝑒1.5𝑡𝑡 6𝑒𝑒1.5𝑡𝑡 𝑐𝑐
1.5𝑡𝑡
= 1.5𝑡𝑡 + 1.5𝑡𝑡
𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒 𝑒𝑒
𝑖𝑖 = 6 + 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 −1.5𝑡𝑡
𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧 𝑖𝑖. 𝑒𝑒 𝑖𝑖 = 0 𝑤𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑡𝑡 = 0
0 = 6 + 𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑒 0 𝐶𝐶 = −6
𝑖𝑖 = 6 − 6𝑒𝑒 −1.5𝑡𝑡
𝑖𝑖(𝑡𝑡) = (1 − 𝑒𝑒 −1.5𝑡𝑡 )
𝑡𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒𝑒 𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑖𝑖 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡
𝐡𝐡𝐡𝐡 𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯𝐯 𝐨𝐨𝐨𝐨 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚𝐚 𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭𝐭 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬
𝑖𝑖(𝑡𝑡 = 2) = 6(1 − 𝑒𝑒 −1.5×2 )
𝑖𝑖(𝑡𝑡 = 2) = 6(1 − 𝑒𝑒 −3 )𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝑒𝑒 −3 = 0.0498 𝑖𝑖(𝑡𝑡 = 2) = 6(1 − 0.0498)𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴
𝒊𝒊(𝒕𝒕 = 𝟐𝟐) = 𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕𝒕 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝟐𝟐 𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 𝟓𝟓. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 Ampere