Section Title / Heading One-Liner Summary
No offence if a person acts under a legal duty or
Act done by person bound or
76 honestly believes (by mistake of fact) that they are
mistaken as bound by law
bound by law.
Act of Judge when acting A judge acting judicially and in good faith under
77
judicially lawful authority commits no offence.
Obedience to a court order, believed in good faith to
Act done pursuant to judgment or
78 be lawful, is not an offence even if the court lacked
order of Court
jurisdiction.
Act justified or believed justified No offence if a person acts lawfully or in good faith
79
by law believes their act is justified by law.
An unintentional accident during a lawful act done
80 Accident in doing a lawful act carefully and without criminal intent is not an
offence.
An act causing harm without intent, done in good
81 Act done to prevent other harm
faith to prevent greater harm, is not an offence.
A child under seven years cannot be held criminally
82 Act of child under seven years
liable.
A child between seven and twelve is not liable if
Act of child between seven and
83 lacking maturity to understand their act’s
twelve of immature understanding
consequences.
A person of unsound mind who cannot understand
84 Act of person of unsound mind the nature or wrongness of their act commits no
offence.
No offence if intoxication was against one’s will and
85 Act under involuntary intoxication
they were incapable of understanding the act.
A voluntarily intoxicated person is treated as if
86 Act under voluntary intoxication
sober, except if intoxicated involuntarily.
Act done by consent without No offence for consensual acts not intended or
87
intent to cause serious harm known to cause death or grievous hurt.
Act done with consent for An act done in good faith for someone’s benefit with
88
person’s benefit their consent, though risky, is not an offence.
Acts done in good faith for a child’s or insane
Act for benefit of child or insane
89 person’s benefit, with guardian’s consent, are not
person with guardian’s consent
offences.
Consent is invalid if given under fear,
90 Invalid consent misconception, incapacity, or by a child under
twelve.
Acts independently offences not Consent cannot justify acts that are offences by their
91
justified by consent nature (e.g., causing miscarriage).
Acts done in good faith for a person’s benefit
92 Act for benefit without consent without their consent are excused when consent
cannot be obtained.
93 Communication made in good A well-intentioned communication causing harm is
Section Title / Heading One-Liner Summary
faith not an offence if made for another’s benefit.
Act done under threat of instant Acts (except murder or treason) done under threat of
94
death instant death are excused.
Trivial harm that no reasonable person would
95 Act causing slight harm
complain of is not an offence.
Section Title / Heading One-Liner Summary
96 Things done in private defence Acts done in legitimate self-defence are not offences.
Right of private defence of Every person can defend their own or another’s body
97
body and property and property against unlawful aggression.
Defence against acts of Defence is allowed even against acts of insane,
98
persons of unsound mind, etc. intoxicated, or mistaken persons.
Limits on right of private No defence right against lawful public acts, when help
99
defence from authorities is possible, or for excessive harm.
Defence of body extending to Right to cause death arises against assaults threatening
100
causing death death, grievous hurt, rape, or kidnapping.
Defence causing harm other For lesser assaults, defence may cause harm but not
101
than death death.
The right begins with threat and lasts while danger
102 Duration of defence of body
continues.
Defence of property extending Right to cause death exists against robbery, night house-
103
to causing death breaking, arson, or dangerous trespass.
Defence of property causing For minor property offences, defence may cause harm
104
harm other than death short of death.
Duration of defence of The right continues as long as danger to property persists
105
property or until recovery.
Defence risking harm to If unavoidable, self-defence may risk harm to innocents
106
innocents without constituting an offence.
Section Title Essence / One-Line Summary Punishment
Waging or attempting to
Waging, attempting, or abetting war Death / Life
121 wage war against
against Pakistan. imprisonment + fine
Pakistan
121-A Conspiracy to commit Conspiring to wage war or to overawe Life imprisonment / up
offences punishable by the Government by criminal force. to 10 years + fine
Section Title Essence / One-Line Summary Punishment
121
Collecting arms etc. Gathering men, arms, or ammunition Life imprisonment / up
122
with intent to wage war to prepare for war against Pakistan. to 10 years + fine
Concealing with intent
Hiding existence of a plan to wage
123 to facilitate design to Up to 10 years + fine
war, to aid its success.
wage war
Condemnation of Abusing Pakistan, condemning its Rigorous
123-A creation or advocacy of creation, or advocating abolition of imprisonment up to 10
abolition of sovereignty sovereignty by speech or writing. years + fine
Defiling or
Defiling or removing the national flag Up to 3 years / fine /
123-B unauthorised removal of
from government property. both
National Flag
Assaulting President or Using or threatening criminal force to
124 Governor to compel influence President or Governor’s Up to 7 years + fine
exercise of powers lawful actions.
Bringing hatred or disaffection toward
Life imprisonment / up
124-A Sedition Federal or Provincial Government by
to 3 years + fine
words or signs.
Waging war against a
Waging or abetting war against a Life imprisonment / up
125 power in alliance with
friendly or allied State. to 7 years + fine
Pakistan
Committing depredation Plundering or preparing to plunder
Up to 7 years + fine +
126 on territories of power territory of a State at peace with
forfeiture
at peace with Pakistan Pakistan.
Receiving property Receiving property knowing it was
Up to 7 years + fine +
127 taken by such war or taken by war or depredation under
forfeiture
depredation 125–126.
Public servant
voluntarily allowing Custodian deliberately lets a State or Life imprisonment / up
128
State or war prisoner to war prisoner escape. to 10 years + fine
escape
Public servant
Custodian negligently allows escape of Simple imprisonment
129 negligently suffering
State or war prisoner. up to 3 years + fine
such prisoner to escape
Aiding, rescuing, concealing, or
Aiding escape or
resisting recapture of escaped State or Life imprisonment / up
130 harbouring such
war prisoner. to 10 years + fine
prisoner
Sec. Title Essence / Core Idea Punishment
Assembly of 5 or more persons with a
common unlawful object (e.g.,
141 Unlawful Assembly resisting law, overawing Govt, —
committing offence, depriving rights,
or forcing action).
Section Title Essence / One-Line Summary Punishment
Being Member of Knowingly joins or continues in an
142 —
Unlawful Assembly unlawful assembly.
Punishment for Member Up to 6 months / fine /
143 Membership in unlawful assembly.
of Unlawful Assembly both
Joining Unlawful
Member of unlawful assembly while Up to 2 years / fine /
144 Assembly Armed with
armed with a deadly weapon. both
Deadly Weapon
Continuing in Unlawful
Joins or continues in assembly after Up to 2 years / fine /
145 Assembly after
lawful command to disperse. both
Command to Disperse
Use of force or violence by unlawful
146 Rioting —
assembly in pursuit of its object.
Up to 2 years / fine /
147 Punishment for Rioting Being guilty of rioting.
both
Rioting, Armed with Committing rioting while armed with Up to 3 years / fine /
148
Deadly Weapon deadly weapon. both
Every Member Guilty of All members liable for offences
Same as principal
149 Offence Committed in committed in pursuit of assembly’s
offence
Common Object object.
Hiring or Conniving at
Engaging or conniving at employment Same as if member of
150 Hiring to Join Unlawful
of persons to join unlawful assembly. that assembly
Assembly
Knowingly Joining Joining or continuing in any assembly
Up to 6 months / fine /
151 Assembly After likely to disturb peace after command
both
Command to Disperse to disperse.
Assaulting or
Obstructing Public Assaults or obstructs public servant Up to 3 years / fine /
152
Servant Suppressing dispersing riot or unlawful assembly. both
Riot
Wanton Provocation Illegally provokes another to cause If riot: up to 1 year /
153 with Intent to Cause riot; if riot occurs → heavier fine / both; if not: up to
Riot punishment. 6 months / fine / both
Promotes or incites hatred,
Promoting Enmity disharmony, or violence between
153-A Up to 5 years + fine
Between Groups religious, racial, linguistic, or regional
groups.
Inducing Students to Induces or attempts to induce students
Up to 2 years / fine /
153-B Take Part in Political to join political activity disturbing
both
Activity public order.
Owner or Occupier of
Fails to report or prevent unlawful
154 Land Allowing Unlawful Fine up to Rs. 3,000
assembly/riot on his land.
Assembly
155 Liability of Person for Riot committed for benefit of Fine
Whose Benefit Riot is landowner who fails to prevent or
Section Title Essence / One-Line Summary Punishment
Committed suppress it.
Liability of Agent of
Agent or manager failing to prevent or
156 Such Owner or Fine
suppress riot for employer’s benefit.
Occupier
Harbouring Persons
Harbours or assembles hired persons Up to 6 months / fine /
157 Hired for Unlawful
knowing their purpose is unlawful. both
Assembly
Being Hired to Take Hired or offers to be hired to join Up to 6 months; if
158 Part in Unlawful unlawful assembly or riot; armed → armed, up to 2 years /
Assembly or Riot higher punishment. fine / both
Two or more persons fighting in
159 Affray —
public, disturbing public peace.
Up to 1 month / fine up
160 Punishment for Affray Committing affray.
to Rs. 3,000 / both