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☐
الرياض ☐ ينبع
Biology Worksheet-Topic 3
العام Academic Year 25-26 المادة Subject Biology-Paper 4/6
األكاديمي
الفصل Semester 1 إسم Student Name
الدراسي الطالب
التاريخDate الصف Grade 9 H/I/J
1 Some students investigated osmosis in raw potato sticks.
(a) Define the term osmosis.
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(b) The students measured the mass of four of the potato sticks using an electronic balance.
Fig. 4.1 shows an electronic balance.
Fig. 4.1
The students left each potato stick in one of four different liquids for 5 hours:
• distilled water
• 0.1 mol per dm3 sodium chloride solution
• 0.5 mol per dm3 sodium chloride solution
• 1.0 mol per dm3 sodium chloride solution.
After 5 hours they measured the mass again and calculated the change in mass.
(i) Predict which of the liquids would cause the largest decrease in mass of a potato stick.
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(ii) The students dried the potato sticks with paper towels before putting them on
the electronic balance.
Suggest why.
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(c) After the experiment the students noticed that the potato stick with the lowest mass was
soft and floppy.
Explain why the potato stick had become soft and floppy.
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(d) The students followed the same experimental procedure with boiled potato sticks and
found no overall change in mass in any of the solutions.
Suggest why the mass of the boiled potato sticks remained the same.
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[Total: 10]
2 A student investigated the diffusion of substances through Visking tubing (Dialysis tubing), an
artificial membrane which has some of the properties of cell membranes.
The student made a bag of Visking tubing as shown in Fig. 4.1.
top of syringe
elastic band
test-tube
Visking bag bag filled with starch
starch solution solution
and placed into a
test-tube of water
knot water
Fig. 4.1
The student added some iodine solution to the water in the test-tube.
After 30 minutes at room temperature, the contents of the Visking bag were stained blue-black, but
the water outside remained a yellow colour.
(a) (i) Explain these results.
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(ii) State three factors that influence the movement of molecules through membranes.
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[3]
[Total: 7]
3 Some plants can be grown in water using the technique of hydroponics. The roots are in water
and supplied with the ions that they need at the concentrations that support maximum growth.
Some ions can be absorbed both by diffusion and by active transport.
(a) (i) State two features of diffusion that do not apply to active transport.
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[2]
(ii) Explain how roots are adapted to absorb ions.
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4 A group of students investigated the effect of soaking small onion bulbs in different
concentrations of sodium chloride solution. They peeled off the outer papery leaves of the onion bulbs
and divided the onions into 6 batches, each with 10 onions.
The onions were surface dried with paper towels and weighed. The mean mass of the onions in
each batch was calculated. The onions were then left in sodium chloride solutions for three
hours.
After three hours the students surface dried the onions and weighed them again. Their results
are given in Table 2.1.
Table 2.1
concentration of mean mass of onions / g
percentage
sodium chloride solution before after soaking change in mass
/ g dm–3 soaking for 3 hours
0 147 173 +17.7
25 153 165 +7.8
50 176 172 –2.3
100 154 149 –3.2
150 149 142 –4.7
200 183 175
(b) (i) Calculate the percentage change in mass of the onions that were in the most
concentrated solution of sodium chloride. Show your working. Write your answer in
Table 2.1.
[2]
(ii) Explain why the students calculated the percentage change in mass of the onions.
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(c) The students plotted a graph of the results as shown in Fig. 2.1.
20
percentage change in mass
15
10
0
0 50 10 15 20
–5 0 0 0
–10
concentration of sodium chloride solution / g dm–3
Fig. 2.1
(i) Complete the graph using your answer to (b)(i). [1]
(ii) Use the graph in Fig. 2.1 to estimate the concentration of the sodium chloride solution
that has the same water potential as the onions.
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(d) Using the term water potential, explain why the onions:
gained mass when soaked in dilute solutions of sodium chloride
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lost mass when soaked in concentrated solutions of sodium chloride.
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[4]
[Total: 15]