HOTS (HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS)

CLASS – XII SESSION – 2025-26

1. Differentiate with respect to x: log10 𝑥 + log 𝑥 10 + log 𝑥 𝑥 + log10 10

𝑑𝑦
2. If 𝑥𝑦 = 4, prove that 𝑥 (𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 2 ) = 3𝑦
𝑑𝑦 −1
3. If 𝑥√1 + 𝑦 + 𝑦 √1 + 𝑥 = 0 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = (1+𝑥)2

𝑑𝑦 1−𝑦 2
4. If √1 − 𝑥 2 + √1 − 𝑦 2 = 𝑎(𝑥 − 𝑦), prove that 𝑑𝑥 = √1− 𝑥 2

𝑑𝑦 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝑎+𝑦)
5. If 𝑥 sin(𝑎 + 𝑦) + sin 𝑎 cos(𝑎 + 𝑦) = 0, prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑎
𝑑𝑦 𝑦
6. If 𝑥 𝑚 𝑦 𝑛 = (𝑥 + 𝑦)𝑚+𝑛 , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥
𝑎𝑥 2 𝑏𝑥 𝑐 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 𝑎 𝑏 𝑐
7. If 𝑦 = (𝑥−𝑎) (𝑥−𝑏)(𝑥−𝑐) + (𝑥−𝑏)(𝑥−𝑐) + 𝑥−𝑐 + 1 prove that 𝑑𝑥 = {𝑎−𝑥 + 𝑏−𝑥 + 𝑐−𝑥}
𝑥
𝑥
𝑑𝑦
8. If (𝑥 − 𝑦)𝑒 𝑥−𝑦 = 𝑎, prove that 𝑦 + 𝑥 = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥
(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )………∞ 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 2 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥
9. Y= (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 )(𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 ) , prove that 𝑑𝑥 = (1−𝑦 log 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥)
𝑦
𝑥 𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 2
10. If (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑥 or 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑎+𝑏𝑥) , prove that 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 2 = (𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑦)

𝑑2 𝑦 1 𝑑𝑦 2 𝑦
11. 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑥 , prove that 2
- ( ) − =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑥

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
12. If 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑡 , prove that (1 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑝2 𝑦 = 0

13. Differentiate with respect to x: 𝑦 = (𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥)𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥 + (𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑥)𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

1
14. Differentiate with respect to x: 𝑦 = (𝑥)𝑥 + (𝑥)𝑥
15. For the curve 𝑦 = 5𝑥 − 2 𝑥 3 , if 𝑥 increase at the rate of 2 units/sec, then how fast is the slope of the curve
changing when 𝑥 = 3 ?
𝑐𝑚3
16. Water is running into a conical vessel, 15cm deep and 5 cm in radius, at the rate of 0.1 . When the water is
𝑠𝑒𝑐

6 cm deep, find at what rate is

(i) The water level rising?
(ii) (ii) the water – surface area increasing?
(iii) The wetted surface of the vessel increasing?
17. Find the intervals in which 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 1)3 (𝑥 − 2)2 is increasing or decreasing.
18. Find the intervals in which 𝑓(𝑥) = 2 ln(𝑥 − 2) − 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1 is increasing or decreasing.
19. Find the intervals in which the function 𝑓 given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + cos 𝑥 , 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2𝜋 is increasing or
decreasing.
−𝜋 𝜋
20. Prove that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 − 4𝑥 is strictly decreasing on ( 3 , 3 ).

21. Find all the points of local maximum and minimum and the corresponding maximum and minimum values of
−3 45
the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 4 − 8𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 + 105
4 2

22. Find the local maximum and local minimum values of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + log 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 , 0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋.
23. At what points, the slope of the curve 𝑦 = −𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 + 9𝑥 − 27 is maximum? Also find the maximum
slope.
1 𝑥 1
24. Show that the maximum value of ( ) is 𝑒 𝑒 .
𝑥

𝑝
25. Show that𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑝 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑞 𝑥 attain a maximum, when 𝑥 = tan−1 √𝑞.

26. A metal box with square base and vertical sides is to contain 1024𝑐𝑚3 of water. The material for the top and
bottom costs 𝑅𝑠. 5 /𝑐𝑚2 and the material for the sides costs 𝑅𝑠. 2 /𝑐𝑚2. Find the least cost of the box.
27. An open box with a square is to be made out of a given quantity of card board of area 𝑐 2 square unit. Show
𝑐3
that the maximum volume of the box is 6√3 cubic units.
2𝑥 𝑥
28. ∫ 22 22 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
29. ∫ 𝑥 𝑥 (1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1
30. ∫ cos(𝑥−𝑎) sin(𝑥−𝑏) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 1
31. ∫0 𝑑𝑥
5+4 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝜋
1
32. ∫02 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥+4 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝜋 𝜋 𝑥
33. ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 sin (4 + 2) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
34. ∫𝜋2 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 log 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4
𝜋
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
35. ∫ 2𝜋
− 𝑒 𝑥 +1
2
𝜋
4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
36. ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑒 𝑥
4
𝜋
1
37. ∫ 3𝜋 1+𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−
3
𝜋
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
38. ∫0 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠4 𝑥

𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
39. ∫−𝑎 √𝑎+𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
𝑥+
4 4
40. ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥
2−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
4

1
41. ∫−1|𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
42. Using the integration, find the area of the region bounded between the lines 𝑥 = 4 and the parabola 𝑦 2 = 16𝑥.
43. Sketch the region bounded by 𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 𝑥 2 and x axis and find its area using integration.
44. Using integration , find the area of the region bounded by the following curves after making a rough sketch:
𝑦 = 1 + |𝑥 + 1| , 𝑥 = −3 , 𝑥 = 3 , 𝑦 = 0.
3𝑥 2
45. Find the area of the region included between the parabola 𝑦 = and the line 3𝑥 − 2𝑦 + 12 = 0.
4

46. Using integration, find the area of triangle whose vertices are (2,5) , (4,7) and (6,2).
47. Solve the differential equation : 𝑦 = (1 + 𝑦 2 )( 1 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑦 = 0 given that when x=1, y= 1.
48. Solve the differential equation: ( 1 + 𝑦 2 ) tan−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 2𝑦 ( 1 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑦 = 0
49. Find the equation of the curve passing through origin if the slope of the tangent to the curve at any point (x,y)
is equal to the square of the difference of the abscissa and ordinate of the point.
50. Find the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1(2𝑥 − 3)
51. Find the domain of 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 (−𝑥 2 )
52. Find the domain of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin−1 √𝑥 − 1
53. Find the domain of definition of 𝑓(𝑥) = cos −1(𝑥 2 − 4)
𝑛 𝜋
54. Find the minimum value of 𝑛 for which tan−1 𝜋 > ,𝑛 ∈ 𝑁
4

55. Find the domain of sec −1 (2𝑥 + 1)

56. Evaluate : 𝑐𝑜𝑡[sin−1{𝑐𝑜𝑠 tan−1 1}]
0 −𝑥 0 1
57. If 𝐴 = [ ] ,𝐵 = [ ] and 𝑥 2 = −1, then show that(𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 𝐵 2
𝑥 0 1 0
58. If A and B are square matrices of the same order such that AB=BA, then show that :
(𝐴 + 𝐵)2 = 𝐴2 + 2𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵 2
2 2 −4 1 −1 0
59. Given 𝐴 = [−4 2 −4], 𝐵 = [2 3 4] , find BA and use this to solve the system of equation
2 −1 5 0 1 2
𝑦 + 2𝑧 = 7 , 𝑥 − 𝑦 = 3 , 2𝑥 + 3𝑦 4𝑧 = 17

1 −1 2 −2 0 1
60. Use the product [0 2 −3] [ 9 2 −3] to solve the system of equations :
3 −2 4 6 1 −2
𝑥 + 3𝑧 = −9 , −𝑥 + 2𝑦 − 2𝑧 = 4 , 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 4𝑧 = −3
61. A speaks truth 60% of the cases and B in 90% of the cases. In what percentage of cases are they likely to (i)
contradict each other in stating the same fact? (ii) agree in stating the same fact?
62. A bag contains (2n+1) coins. It is known that n of these coins have a head on both sides whereas the rest of
the coins are fair. A coin is picked up at random from the bag and is tossed. If the probability that the toss
results in a head is 31/42, determine the value of n.
63. A letter is known to have come either from TATANAGAR or CALCUTTA. On the envelop just two
consecutive letter TA are visible. What is the probability that the letter has come from (i) Calcutta (ii)
Tatanagar?
64. A shopkeeper sells three type of seeds A, B and C. They are sold as a mixture where the proportions are 4:4:2
respectively. The germination rates of three types of seeds are 45% ,60% and 35%. Calculate the probability
(i) That it will not germinate given that the seed is of type C.
(ii) Of a randomly chosen seed to germinate.
(iii) That it is of type B given that randomly chosen seed does not germinate.
65. Solve the following linear programming problem graphically:
Minimize 𝑧 = 6𝑥 + 3𝑦
Subject to constraints: 4𝑥 + 𝑦 ≥ 80 , 𝑥 + 5𝑦 ≥ 115 , 3𝑥 + 2𝑦 ≤ 150 , 𝑥 ≥ 0, 𝑦 ≥ 0.
⃗⃗⃗ =𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑐 = 𝑗̂ − 𝑘̂ are given vectors, then find a vector 𝑏⃗ satisfying the equations 𝑎 × 𝑏⃗ = 𝑐 and
66. If 𝑎
𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 3.
 𝜋
67. Let 𝑎, 𝑏⃗, 𝑐 are unit vectors such that 𝑎. 𝑏⃗ = 𝑎 . 𝑐 = 0 and the angle between 𝑏⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐 𝑖𝑠 6 , prove that 𝑎 =

±2 (𝑏⃗ + 𝑐).

68. Let 𝑎 = 2𝑖̂ + 𝑘̂ , 𝑏⃗ = 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ + 𝑘

⃗ and 𝑐 = 4𝑖̂ − 3𝑗̂ + 7𝑘̂ be three vectors. Find a vector 𝑟 which satisfy 𝑟 × 𝑏⃗ =

𝑐 × 𝑏⃗ and ⃗⃗⃗
𝑟 . 𝑎 = 0.
69. Find all vectors of magnitude 10√3 that are perpendicular to the plane of 𝑖̂ + 2𝑗̂ + 𝑘̂ and −𝑖̂ + 3𝑗̂ + 4𝑘.
̂
𝑥−3 𝑦−3 𝑧 𝜋
70. Find the equations of the two lines through the origin which intersect the line = = 1 at angle of 3 each.
2 1
𝑥−1 𝑦−2 𝑧−3 𝑥−4 𝑦−1
71. Show that the lines = = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 = = 𝑧 intersect. Find their point of intersection.
2 3 4 5 2
𝑥+3 𝑦−1 𝑧+4
72. Find the foot of perpendicular from the points (0,2,3) on the line = = . Also find the length of the
5 2 3

perpendicular and point of the image.

𝑥 𝑦−1 𝑧−2
73. Find the image of the point (1,6,3) in the line 1 = = . find the length of the perpendicular and point of
2 3

the image.
𝑥+2 𝑦+1 𝑧−3
74. Find the point on the line = = at a distance of 3√2 from the point (1,2,3).
3 2 2

75. Prove that 𝑓: 𝑁 → 𝑁, defined by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 is one –one but onto.

76. Let A = {a,b,c} and the relation R be defined on A as follow R= { (a,a),(b,c) (a,b)}. Then, write minimum
number of ordered pairs to be added in R to make it reflexive and transitive.
77. Show that the function 𝑓(𝑥) = |𝑥 + 1| + |𝑥 − 1| for all 𝑥 ∈ 𝑅 is not differentiable at x =-1 and x = 1.
𝑥 𝑓(2)−2 𝑓(𝑥)
78. If 𝑓(2) = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑓 , (2) = 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 find lim
𝑥→2 𝑥−2

79. Discuss the differentiability of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥|𝑥| at x= 0.

1
80. Given 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥−1 . find the points of discontinuity of the composite function 𝑓(𝑓(𝑥)).

81. Formula of number of relations and functions.