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Mcmi 3

The document contains a series of statements in English, Hindi, Marathi, and Gujarati, reflecting personal thoughts and experiences. It discusses feelings of guilt, social interactions, and self-perception, as well as issues related to substance use and emotional well-being. The statements reveal a complex interplay of emotions and behaviors across different cultural contexts.

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Sakshi Sharma
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44 views265 pages

Mcmi 3

The document contains a series of statements in English, Hindi, Marathi, and Gujarati, reflecting personal thoughts and experiences. It discusses feelings of guilt, social interactions, and self-perception, as well as issues related to substance use and emotional well-being. The statements reveal a complex interplay of emotions and behaviors across different cultural contexts.

Uploaded by

Sakshi Sharma
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
st. No. English Statement Hindi Statement Marath Statement Gujrat Statement aH, gee AO ae pT Re tet, met ee ope aE MeeraT MEL BUHL ME GA meee ae \eateline erent tnemoming EL ‘ee. wd wet Ail 2 aA AAD, Na? WEL APACER HOTA a Amat erie ec EHR apes erates ¢ RMT RA WW Reus g He A Lk niyo se ey oe a 2yeolgace cee, aerate are aS archaea ae ob a ke ap eet at ore oreen eat FT NA uel RAN aagel see He Lenior dong so many cferent rings nat SUR AEA ME EAE ETE AT Fart ate TT sat EDN Mg He ae ae alld lear makeup my mind what odors. FECA 28, sneha sud Gots, WEA eg A ere a eC TATA A ae 4 Hoot woak and ted much oft tina, ERR wet $Me. acu aa as veg. at ae A Ce Ae AT, J know am a superior pereon, 90 | dont SRST REM ex Aes caf, FoF ‘sara at wae Far cera arth aa eat EMG 9B g AS Hrs GAY, Aal ALY 5 care what people think, acca eaten atest) ATE uk B Ae HA Wea ell peopie nave nevergnen enough RETR at tee et aati iA rents APHID Rat ned AAR UR sda D> 8 tocogniion forthe hinge ve done, SMM 3a sarang tL eu recuer Rell aie, mist al ell sender tere ec eee aT A CoN, ep aT ae AMAL URE aL Ue CHER. ALAD, a iy tami puts rose one. aterm CH ae CA ATT ee eT naar A har MARAT A Ae te OA 2 Tha tol ong ant TRG SME andro OD Wh ee kara aE sa at swan Ras SODA sag vee Ae Remakes sates aempTTsM er — Weds waa wd as 6aad.¢ pec ata tinct tohindny tac, FARMAN SS ATE STAR TAMER TWEE — VAR AAD Une tugy AA ai sting sot waytactorek 1 a a. A aecetst etanctonr ec Coe iene te eA ae WALA St ag ee | otan cic pest stony wine sonal tthey ap eter era A a Abend sty st. No. English Statement Hin! Statement Macathi Statement Gujarati Statement nat fou fotngs soem io have rare, RUTTER Rs aAtoreate, meen, A rer ser wremrante rarer wefes MALU AA ctw D Ag o1-d y {0 brow te be cuae word me drestraed gran Reena) ae aT, eed RR AeLG Y sat anager gece cde A HA geet ee ABCA ‘nave anand ene ee on sen wang POH ek “rege er te ie orang WE Bae sre ara A tee Endl angled aeacuell Ma sUUl {2 tehowmyteeinge easy and quicy, — RTSTETE.| Ropar aps Preteen, dy ate ara ree a aR RA AGATE sere ei ar ara MA sel oe TA HA vou ul ate a habits have oon goten mnt ta atooddeatetvamomie pect stent sarki secs ae 5 yada ana sea usd seatist fared aftare arm act ated of vga gantorerdeur Becllsaue § nrc uRare wider dade Sometmes | can be 14 momninveaone ann omy wnPrahe ae Reh waar dune gre sr 3 esa A, HL 2D MAREE cel rings ta rego wal dey worniot STEP EH IAR UR AE, Aer reine rmeratettrcemar F akg eae ud A ll 2A] & 15 vorylong. mag asec everest ia ea yell eR hl ow TAT IT EET lama very agreeable and submissive 16 person ape Pere ate Ram eae ae. ge age A ae TAY, seid gate ef xd eer wat dammoncizaimiond Seater a Raa eras TA ere nfs pS AHA ARLE ely ysiC AL 17 becaune ofbad schoo behav sage tte a a5 a) PR a AT ST aa. Aird agate s ara sive sar gearcetnh entree | € Mat eG AL Boe ube et 2 evar eaay cleo ances ea enc ie RNA RA ted em cer AMY AGHA SALA Sue 18 being hidculod or shamed ear et ae et Ra BL Seog, squat ened wei $201 4840 D. soem to choowe tends who end up RETR RHC regan aE stact ee emer ane Rapa tt AGCUAD 3g Res a uae af y BH 18 mistreating me. arU ares SET aT EL ara. dl aah aE acter 82D, s No. English Statement Fee had sad thoughts much of my ite 20 shee Iwata chi, ike to fit with members of he opposite aren, 22am avery erate parson. Drinking alcohol has never caused me 28 any real problems my work, began oft 24 apo. lure some years ee! gulty much ofthe tine for no reason 25 that know. 26 Other peape anvy my abitlon ‘When i have 8 choee | prefer to do things 27 alone. Ihink its necessary to place set controls onthe behavior of members of 28 my tomy. People usualy think of me a8 reserved 28 and serous minded peer Lately, have begun fo fet ke smashing 30 things Link tm a special person who deserves ‘31 special attenton Hindi Statement Marathi Statornont Baer Se eH a see RR ETT ATE SGM rear stad gare rar ane ea, ar ther rere set ap tia fa acct at ora ee 8 TET TERA. Bags arate PTI ates fee rar aro smedtagamtamt tats gsiiect acrmprea nto st areatte are at gti rear tir pret ae Hs cea aga 8 ae ET TA a smi seitregtaragr et sere eg at Amb ec Re fh en ene eR ae arbe TA TOTES saree tora amatres, sree at ert ech ocd hacer aTpaT ent er wT are oter rent, aa ae ae ear et, er A wea sor Tie ETE sheds sure tt apiece tatters scets xara apa, erect rae a irr ean ra] ere sh tar Sah aE ater anmctee gg om ane a ANT eT Te MN Remar cater seat aoe Eee RATT. Breer ag eto et ats ea rte eT a ATT amt ont. apenas fe atee Bivens erat aed Malem wea ame Rewer sate # Saran Re eT ea a, ‘jarat statement getenugell y Met pa et IA Ge Aua wea. HA Rodi Hoda aaa a 3, Era aad 9. exg Weta, Rat sta aba TS lg wal ust teas coll weal aga yeaa eusil dre] 93 AE se Ben g EIA, ARa waged sek AL ar eenet eel eel 82 D, sed HALA Wiest AD, ng gil sek See HE 93g NA ALAD 8 MeL URRaLee MoRde ae Ne 555 Aang emg 38D, AB HURL AA HA DS wR A ill Mell aR MAB, sete, WA aaa sc ete ey RAGLADE GoM AAG RIN ait neta ae B. No. English Statement Hind! Statement Marathi Statement ura Statement 1am abways ooking to make new fiends SPA the aera cree g atk ae ae aha Preemacarn arate SHU AGRA Uae wa ALARA 32 and moet new people, ati a Pron mera ‘Rien SezwarerRwr ae aet mana le 839. Sereaht ech ect REY area AEE OR fer aee MAW AA aA Ste ie nee Tneas gc cea” SSR AART ST CRGA me racer gece AG ull heist nn don 33 someone of that person's mistakes, wa ike dame MOT aa, RELA, 134 Lataly | have gone allt plates. Wa AA, Hemtget a ame rea ast pd ch Reeol, § 388 gL uel nag, ‘on ge wp doing ing because Lan AIRC weer sera x Maresh abgntatmer Eudes eae see a C6 g ee 35 ats wo thom wal Peas ach eel eas Fach MA A a aM TTT. SHARON G AAA Case alt Aaerecaret year meen ea, crac reason ate # fl ese yetll eugene etna my angry fangs cut andinon PTS SATERC TR go aA Are RRA NMC eMMEET EGE AE MA A Ae AR a 236 feel ey gly about a wea, wed. argent aa sich ater 2a een as UR, {very oten fsa mi ability ofl any ASTTRCAGE tte ata, kata Ree at arava argh emrarat weer nora AACA gael A mes Ue C6 27 sensatonen pars of my body Sterns art Hemmer azaTe et, # — about te ARE ewan len Re ora ee Rae ROT aA rane Me Me el le Sede § 2 yj 30 ead on sh OI AHO rr) Hana et ane a AT pasty. uefa site aaa creme ae strefta terete ated Oo agioord Hate Destaeae Cait Al wAas me AW a8, wegen a cA A Taking so-caleditogal ugsmay te EARS A RA re ASANO Ta ro “4 39 unwise butimpect ume cede thom, EB! rear ae Ball ae Mg 93 gad WA HANA AR eee eT Aen ta eee mare AA cm ena a EMG DS gl 49 | Mat A aoe and ios " coh 3 {ve done a number of stupa things on Rawdor uz uel nl aap 8219 Pau Soa nummer of tld tings on Aandi nf aah aE, tartare arama Pao arabe rd a a ete gt Fas a a FT sada yo we s. No, Engi Statement ind Staten Marat Saterent Gujarat Statement Ate tomtom aft sce atthe aaron are era ear EU MRM aT Ha aL ana A Rt rg CN geen me eo ee AH a HART RUA el aH fl Arvin pt 42 ee da he a ‘ferret ae. ‘tise stall lotentclaadereecguater — RECOM RACH NT pach sind witness af aA WG tt 49 someting geoates happened ome, ST AAEACER TEE! sees age aca Mercere met, Stall sanat gia gag Mot rtiy dprstodandsadmucnce CR OCA AGT SEE RETR TT eA Marine wei oiaee MA get 44 hetmerom. mI rawerear ter misread se gi atte 9p td wg ‘avays ry hard please others even PERERA GUS AARC AA ean aR AINE ATR Gy RUA ye Sede HL NEA 4s whan deka bom aka at avec wee seme ect Aaanet QB see WA REL AAO \ohvays hod les ineret inex than most TCO RMA ATA MEP eT TER AACA A 2 at as peo Race wie ter ae iter reer A eat seanytiane ving STR OT see agi A 8 aad § GRU A Lend sway a yt ban tings 5 ada ae io wa, Whe, Had of og VA as A saciid best to hve SETTER, AA esr err re Ace A a AT a AG Deg AND (af do wih peop args caer mee cE aah ee hee a Since was ci have aways ato ae A care, he at etal exeal, a aL Dera wechou orpeopewoseieg® meciemsaaPatgiererends AaR snc. meraetemegs le uid us| a wD Deed cheat me 4 eafmerecet E qe ate ar aT yauat 52 26 Aviansie adanthar EVAR AAT eH ail a i oi Foie Raga Kath setae ee Sk NN emt SH 9 RN Hew Muuk DY AR HA Hea | stor resent "og shoe who avays 50 Wek conde Ringe Deter an WR ERA AR aac ecaRte ahehs a ey wAleagid 68082 English Statement ‘When things get borin, | keto si up 51 toma exaoment | avon alcohol problem that has made 52 aioli for me ana my fanny Punishment paver stopped me rom found 59 wha wanted There are many tes, when for no reason ool very cheertl and fl of ‘4 Gxateront Inrecent weoks fool worn out for no 55 special reason For some time now Ihave been fectng very gully because Ica do things Aght 58 anymore | think | am very sociobe and outgoing 57 person ve become very jumpy inte ast few 58 wooks I neep very close tack of my money 0 1 59 am prepared need comet Up Hinds Statement Marathi Statement Saka sexe aE gpa Osta Seer atest rosa, ATT ex co Sea wr “seg ator ea rarer ERT a TE SFMT apt ee A amem a MAA aA ATE eTSere ore Ree RICE SAE at araaprah ata ota ter ott maTar eA Pramareg faT wear thats ad wba ten sen re Ror rat are tA a eastern erga Ne rte dar seers, Sear Rear wae “a art sn sae mm pect AA er fh Patneaor at Nearer aroma rawr he ETA TT wrorfereunrrera act rand rare ar Se EA Prd ewe A age GER an TA aT Ne Ree eT ECHR Ae tea eT ae marcat ifvecgnt meracate MMR EA ate amare Re AEE A PEI Sexes coe Ce ara aR, wd Troan ant somes At gs arereT gre ARoas wet tata tee ot Gujarat Statement swe cael Serves HAD, ce HA AS Ava HOUSE B A cag ete BFA HURL AA HLL hare ad ysdehod Goll 588 @Rowad eda Amaatell wa mate a AA all a cae aL B wed BE size. 2 gw gngtiet WA Geol MEE ged 9 eaRacon escaeun § A WEN eRe aber ggg Beet cus aul we vA get 3A 512013 63 § aaeAl 21 5 wee el WARDS Em yaaa wr muGetba aL $ Beet Bocas meaBenni vig Ade all 92 Grea Daal ig eepsell eve co} Aa Ayr ae Bh a re KTR TET Al aT Cae we Se TTT oh WA ge Ae G ACH? Y AMA ATT, ar aT A AE EAT st No. English Statement Hint Statement Marathi Statement Tiuet havent had the luck in te thee GRETA eRe ae are ah eat err rare tore arr age ae 60 others have had ait mer ge See eee soli nsicametncet eet meee EE Tt ‘ent ew wy, bt sonotnest say BATS Ara aha arr att ae igo ath eat (64 cruel tings just to make others unhappy, gee a fore mar wT, gaherrrarnd Rate seat ew scrove the AlenteI0umesieet 27 RS RWQOSR arcana seer a Arm ad 90 tar eet a ET esyenr woe ae My habit of abusing drugs has causad me es tems wokin he past Mea Rent eA RTE ee gre ot react ae seer ae wae or tmeg TY Mens iatare amend sera RES AT EAE GEM st, rer erence rar see rag Rear et eh reer tat ater nek 1 ver and over TET 0 span irno good ossan at areare steer ett ee Hamre raati aarts Seer A eghe refi sh at TT sustone becouse | TARA RATER ser ator haa ee Yah ET apecipoopletoeviaive orreectme | aa eet ade Rarer ame 69 expect pacpe to ‘Gujarati Statement NA spat Sg iti all Mee ead we 8 Arua aero dae eB waa Ada 4 Bee Race caked pat BA wg Mae A Get el 1 ugh AR HT He HH Bat eH sed ad wae ell 5, egg ued gl seat oe ge at 56 9 pe i Dect we 30 iat sit dla acme eer Rat sre Fresca snoop attr SOM EEUeA satel ad eae A HAL ergata S04 uf 1 oc vad age Qa B aH ae mate agi ome 2 A Aion stag et agauz aap AA Rrmag us g Raread mule Raves. ag we, PHAGADS AA A As He’ eee ase No. Engh Statement Hin Statement Marathi statament Geert statement eter tne nati dom sesene ne uog TOECHRATRRGA ANAC artes AT EES RG YB ALAR 70 things that happen tome Cane Ash arm att ‘tare ined) ah re are outed wie BAA § ctieis Atl See ener eh err Won im alone, ft fel the strong yrs sgt ama at SFR ORCA MTT TMT RTS eat ree RAL A Ase ate, Ack ten ASL He ri besa ON a ce eae RE RETA —-HOA a gee a od A A . Alar neater neuer gateatt ater neuter aren Sn Sn serfs & A Yule rag g UAHA ate te * re Nee ey gates a ont kno ie aa tear Rm || a IE a. aol Grown sd eg Ameren er rem Poe a ser t per rre ke uP MAaa es {onan alow oars to make Ae ea wet Raed deal ge wy g Aa ah Se CHE AE eG He I OTA cree ep enantio SN Ot fh nse ve Bsa fll 74 ted as when | went io bes ara ea SE pad g got wea Read endl se oc Pe romiteleyeree Agr eT RTE aorees ont dg ae gd y ‘Ata orcad ware ard RA RAR men Fane Pram Ser age serara ag AADAC UA mica B93 Pula ¢ Iisepnavnaseange muons at wn re onl tnd of ude yew ot wreath ater ged nl Ime ageatseslctowniynge RAMSAR MANA rarer Mee en Atari ABA Bc eee ‘7 conieo! en impulse to drink too excess FRAT NARRTeea Aap atte Sawararsaes era IAT aT mere Meet seal WA MA ell yee uel B Evenviben im awake, dont seom to SEASUURCT EMA ard ame. sar arecrft aera TUR EMG ait WH, nud apart cA 78 nalice people who are near me est atet at attra g rent ames at 1H tae al 91g 71 am often woss and grouchy ‘A ars rer ea erase Ras Het ucla Bag ‘i ene ore ao Re SamrTormeto make many a ere aga art area MAA MrT ct aE cM arpa EAHA ant ULLAL nica me we HEAD st English Statement rm ashamed of some ofthe abuses | ‘1 suffered when | wes young, | aways make sure that my week is well {82 planned and organized My moods seem to change 4 great deal 183 from one day the ext, Fm too unsure of mye to sk tying 4 someting now "ont blame anyone wo takes {88 advantage of someone whe allows it For some time now, Ive bean feeting sac {88 and blue and cant'seem fo sna outo it |.oten got angry with people whe do £87 ings somty | over stn the sidatnes whan fm a a 2 pany | watch my fomty dosey 0 kaow who ‘89 can and who cart be trsied | gomatines get confused and ee! upset ‘90 when peuple are kind tome Hinds Statement Marathi Statement aaa sta opel Aa mest set aaottt ears arn See ap eh anit anata A edhe ag afc RR A aT a RA on eae aT are ate eae ‘untratrararach tet aeagen Rea teat Raa aR ecm aroT a war Reeero ge=T RTT rot ‘qe sewaarreare at Hm rr TA er wR eat ae TET a TUTE aaa PRET, a ese gh ea AT Bee RR ea OE AH ATER ene da ear Are et ears TAIT ste tah eat Rest arn, Ase RERT TATE Ma awe eT, aE ET IM Setar RTE MMIC TTTE ph aera sa ao ae ear aa TH Ba RSLS TA aT (Gujrat Statement aia aon ste Beas gale nd ea aigeag g 4 AR 20} 9 Bag nel yaaa WA youre B sus. gal Ws Rael nt BB sl execu weed eH 808 secu oun Qa a HAL wa Rha weeks y 4 AWA Ae eaUa all BAA HAL HABAA AMAT Decu Becas well § Geel ue A Rell ate fis nse al A uaare Sea a we ge aw Ey PALA 0 8B weg eTAL A al g wate cy ue Aaa aul twa wt emer ott Swed feet netstat aa at fant sca at ae see ST oT Aranp 85 44 Prevalence, Sensitivity, and Positive Predictive Power of CMI Axis ‘Seales at BR > 75. . 45 Diagnostic ficiency Statistics for Axi it Primary Diagnosis by Cliical ludgment Over Tiree Generations of the MCMI Test a 4.6 DiagrastcEfcency Statistics for Axi Il Primary and Secondary Diagnoses by Clinical Judgment Over Three Generations ofthe MCMI Test 4.7 Frequency of SENS and PPP Levels forthe MCMM and MCMHI Test (Ais Diagnoses. 48. Conelatons Between MEM Base Rate Scores and Collateral Test Scores, 5.1 Grossman Facet Scales With pha Reliable {611 Demographic Characteristics and Patent Satus forthe 2008 Norm Sample {62 Inpatients. Outpatient Comparisons of Mean BR Scores 63 Female s. Male Comparisons of Mean BR Scores. - 64 Example ofa Two-by-Two Table Used to Select tem Response Pat 165 Validity of Scale V Alone, Scale W Alone, andthe Combined VAY Index for Detecting Various Degres of Protocol Randomization: Aliases 66 Validity of Alone, W Alone, and the Combined VIW tnd lt Detecting Various Degrees of Protocol Randomization: Subset of Cases Hypahesizedo Have "Negligible Randomness Before tem Replacement 7 Casto Rules forte Conbne VA Ine fo Deng Hanon Responng 8.1__Domains ofthe Narcissistic and Dependent Prototypes. 10.1. Subtypes of the Narisistic Personality 96 97 98 98 99 101 10 Ww 120 121 12 a5 126 126 143 we Acknowledgments ‘The development of instruments such athe conily evolving MCMI series requires the support, and collaboration of iteraty thousands of participants am indebted to all of them. In the following paragraphs, I hve reconsed the names of many of the clinicians and researchers who contributed heir ie and eneay to one or more aspets ofthis ongoing project, Foremost among these participants have been my coauthors: my daughter Care Millon, PD, ‘my former student Roger Davis, PAD, and Seth Grossman, PsyD, my associate atthe Institute for ‘Advanced Studes in Personology and Psychopathology. Among past research associates, I wish te acknowledge the important conribtios of two superb colleagues, Robert Meagher, PRD, and Catherine Green-Golisten, PAD. Worthy of note as Well re her past and present research asa ats, no: notably Michael Antoni PRD, Lori Blum, PAD, Neil Bockian, PAD, James Choca, PRD, Jan Dessen, PAD, Frank Dyer, PRD, George Everly, PD, Leila Foster, PRD, Lee Hyer, PhD, Joseph ‘McCann, PRD, Donna Meagher, MA, Audrey Melamed, PHD, Paul Retzlaff, PAD, Erik Simonsen, MD, John Stoner, PRD, Steven Stack, PAD, Robert Tringone, PRD, Joan Trait, PRD, Andrew ‘Wenger, MA, and Deborah Zaskar, PD. Also conebuting as research associates or project asis- tant over the years were Leonard Bard, PHD, Nancy Bennet, MSW, Beth Bosley, PHD, Terrance Brown, MD, Alicia Capitaine, PRD, Allion Feldman-Levine, PhD, Melanie Feber, PRD, Joan Gaines, PHD, Robert Grunsten, MD, Roxane Head, PAD, Sally Koz, PhD, John Levine, PRD, Randy Levine, PD, Judy McCleary, PhD, Carol Millman, PhD, Cynthia Neuman, PRD, Eileen Newnan, PhD, Clint Paterson, PD, Luli Rodriguez, PHD, Teresa Rosato, PD, Suzanne Ross, PD, Mark Sandberg, PhD, Abby Shepard, PD, Lynn Sigal, PAD, Ruth Sosis, PHD, Peter Tischer, PAD, Harry Tracy, PAD, Beth Watchman, PRD, Alison Wileox, and Broce Wilson, MD. Special thanks ae dve to Chistian det Rio, PsyD, and Nicholas Lim, PRD, who were instrumental in providing carly foeus, rection, and statistical analysis sport inthe development ofthe Grossman facet scales. Several of ‘my cildeen—Diane Bobb, Andtew Millon, and Adrienne Hemsley—paricipated in various aspects ofthe MCMI test's constriction and validation and cotinve to conbute tots Further development. (Once agin I thank my wife, Rene, whose intelligence, sanity, and etoril judgment have enriched ‘my workover the years. Loyce Longino, Helen Foczzio, Sandy Racoobian, Luberta Shiey, Sheri utenbeck, Burara Dombkowski and Ruth Groves deserve special commendation for shouldering innumerable ministrative and secretarial burdens. Thanks also goto Douglas Gottedson, PAD, Jose Gonzalez-Garcia, PRD, Gearge Riz, PRD, and David Bird, PRD, fr their contribution. Icon- ‘tinue to grieve the loss of my dea frend Add Agar, MSW, who gathered much of our early evalua tion data. Research data obtained in Europe and Great Britsin were made possible through the efforts ‘of Nels Strandbyeaard, MD. Erik Sinionsen, MD. and JF. F Rooney, MD. Bill Blane, PND. and Lary Koranda, PAD, deserve recognition for the computer programs they devised forthe carly Scoring and analysis of MCMI dat, Eater innovative saistcal programs were developed by Tom Prihoda Tam especialy pleased to acknowledge the effets of Pearson employees in the ares of esearch support and est publication over the course of the ran iterations ofthe MCMIL test, Words ‘of appreciation are due to the following current and frmer Pearson employees: Scot Allison, Patncia Anderson, Tiffany Bakken, Pat Bares, Alan Belisle, Donna Bollock, Christine Carson, “Mark Caulfield John Ficken, PAD, Tet Foley, Kathi Giallca, PAD. Julie Onstad Godse Carol Hansen, Dave Howe, Tho Jolosky, PHD, John Kamp, PhD, Verna Larson, Chuck Lyons, Mery Kay “Markielder, Jessica Mehl, Kelly Moris Metzler, Ward Moberg, Margaret Molina, Kevin Moreland, PhD, Scott Overgaad, Steve Prestwood, Meny Rendall, Sandra Rideout, David Robe, Ron Rowan, Pat Sanborn, Joan Seeer, Jeff Sugerman, PhD, Susan Tialey, Robin Thomsen, Colleen Dwyer Tyson, Renee Via, Carl Watson, Sandra L, Whelan, and Lisa Yang ‘Although they didnot patcipate directly in the constuction or validation ofthe MCMI, MCMI 1, or MCMEAII tests, uch of what may be commendable in the development of these instruments comes from the writings of several psychometric thercticians: Anne W. Anasas, Grant Dabsiom, Donald Fisk, Lewis Goldberg, Douglas Jackson, ery Wiggins and last butnot least, Jane Loevinger and Paul Meet | particularly appreciate the early support of Melvin Sabshn, MD, former head of the Department cof Psychiatry athe University of Minos and medical director ofthe American Psychiatric Associa- tion. Similarly, associates onthe DSW-1 Task Force and the DSM-IV Werk Group on Axis I con- ‘buted much to refinement in my diagnose thnking The following ist includes many of the clinicians who partipated atone ot more stages of our research, I regret tht we have been unable to identify everyone aho contbuted to this ongoing project. G. Adair [Link] [Link] [Link] LFlymn ‘A Agar G.Borowitz_S, Connor R. Dublin Rong Y. Ahluwalia [Link] A. Conroy W. Duffy I. Fereston [Link] Bowden. Cook E, Durbin P. Frank W. Akey [Link] —[Link] -R-Ethemnendia-H. Frankle ANloia [Link] ——_N. Covata [Link] J. Gardner H. Altschuler [Link] J. Crawford MBiseman —L. Garena Mi Anagnastopoulos — R. Bragg [Link] A. Blithom M. Gaviria T Andrews [Link] Crowne LExdicott [Link] [Link] W. Bret ReCummings J. Epstin A Godlole EBalkan Broadhurst A. Cunningham D. Erlich [Link] P. Barger [Link] [Link] —[Link] 5, Goldman 3. Barkley [Link] ——_D.Cybela ‘A. Bites R. Gordon R. Beebe [Link] — 8,Daves 1 Bvand RM Gordon 1M. Benedict, Buck [Link] [Link] [Link] R Bentley [Link] —_B. Dayron PLE wing J Greenberg [Link] [Link]—W. Derby L Fasser S. Greenberg, [Link] [Link] J. Die LFeldmia D. Greenwald Berkowitz KCarion —L. Diehl [Link] Gross LU Bemaud [Link] 5. Digiammo [Link]| N Grossman | Berzins [Link] ——-[Link] Fiedler [Link] A Berzins RCharlon—V. Dmitruk Hi Filebeck 7. Gupton R Binnig 1. Choca [Link] E Filcky 1M. Gustafson [Link] [Link] ——-M,Drockenmiller_S. Fisher E Hass [Link] —[Link] 3. Drucker J. Flaerty Halon [Link] [Link] 1 Harel M. Haris S. Hanis, W, Hat B. Harung 1. Haul M. Haskins M. Haymes 1 Hedeaberg [Link] S Heinze [Link] V. Helmsttom C Hemessey Hoffman S. Hoffman S. Hogsett 3. Halt 4. Holibere SS. Huggins 1. Hosed R Issel V Jackson Lager M. James [Link] Jonson B. Johnston Tones N Keser-Boyd Kaz C kelly [Link] WW. Kerbers 4. Kind B. King R King HKlehe D. Klein W, Klett H. Klinedinst W. Knable R. Kooker . Kreisman FR. Krojanker L Krai [Link] C. Lauda M. Laer HL Lange S. Lawrence [Link] M. Leach [Link] RLee RELe Left K Leff Levine [Link] [Link] Lewis R Linder J Lindner LLipetz E. Lipman L Lipp GuLloyd E Loder Loft R. Loftus [Link] [Link] [Link] CLamay A. Lappin E-Lurey JeLynch M, MacCulloe [Link] A Malyon Markham R Martin E Mayfield [Link] H. McBride Re McCall L MeCandish B. McCracken [Link] J. MoKenna [Link] D. Meagher [Link] H Melzer [Link] G. Midlelaupt [Link] [Link] HL Minardo [Link] M. Moody 4. Moor [Link] K Mundy F Murphy M. Murphy B. Nagler LL Natalico . Newfield C. Newell, KNi W. Nicholson [Link] [Link] FO'Bnan 1.0°Donnell G.O'Keete [Link] 1. Palacios Panos A Parker P. Pearson D. Pekenia M. Philip . Pilips 1H. Prersna [Link] 1. Poliscoft G Poyner [Link] K Price F-Racusen B. Rader K Randolph [Link] E Reddy [Link] LReilly M. Reinsein G-Renson [Link] [Link] R. Rhodes Richman V. Robinson M. Rofky M. Rogers J. Rooney C. Rooski [Link] -Rosiove Rosenberg Rah 8. Rudin T. Ryan A, Samuels ‘A Saneci B Saunders D, Schafer K Schar ©. Schenk M. Schilling ‘M. Schinderman HL Schoenfeld EE, Schonbrun A Schuller P. Schulze W. Schuman J. Scott M. Scripp ‘A Seiden H Sexton Shansky A. Shaw 4. Shaw [Link]éon E Sheridan XK. Sheridan W, Shipman R Sipowiez Skelton R. Small A. Smith 4. Smith N. Smith R Smith 1M. Smolnsky [Link] 5, Soeldner ‘A. Solomon H Soloway B. Sosner 1M. Spellman R Spiver Starks [Link] Stewart R Stocier . Suxksttom [Link] R Suh [Link] Sweetman E Taber ALTait L Tatiana Tare [Link] E. Theiner J-Thomas-Wilson D. Thompson . Thompson E. Toba [Link] 1. Teppa [Link] D. Tucker 4, Tuocei K. Unbrasas IM. Valentine Van Rosen R. Vandenbossche R. Vaskie [Link] SS. Viser [Link] T. Volars G. Weaver RWeedaan [Link] W, Weamth Whalen 1. White Plumb R, Whorton [Link] Wilkie 6. Wise RWisser [Link] [Link] M, Witucki [Link] D. Wood M. Woodbury A. Weiht BYor Roti F-Zverin [Link] ‘The following institutions and community cinies were kind enovgh to provide faites and per- sonnel for aspects of our research onthe MCMI, MCMI-I, and MCMLI test NEW ENGLAND: Connecicut—Greenwich Hospital ARC, Greenwich; Hartford Hospital, Hanford; Connecticut Valley State Hospital, Middletown: Grove Hil Clini, New Briain; Johnson ‘Merril Hospital, Safford Springs; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven; Norwich ‘State Hospital, Norwich; Center for Individal and Group Psychotherapy, Vernon. Massachusets— ‘McLean Hospital, Belmont; Massachusetts Mental Health Center, Boson: VAH, Brockton; VAH, ‘Norhampton; Community Counseling Service, Woburn. Maine Kennebec Valiey Mental Health CCener, Augusta MID-ATLANTIC: Masland—Alpha Onegs Clinic and Consultation Services, Bethesda; Columbia Psychological Service, Eliott City Life Resource, Baltimore; VAH, Perry Pont “Mensana Clinic, Stevenson. New York—VAH, Albany; VAMC. Brooklyn; the HOPE Program, Brooklyn; Niagara County Adult Mental Health Clinic, Niagara Falls: astute for Rational Emotive ‘Therapy, New York City: Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, New York ity; Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York City; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York Cay Payne: ‘Whitney Clinic, New York City: Postradaate Cente for Mental Health, New York City. New JerseyVietria Medical Ans, Moorestown; New Jersey Neuropsychiatric Institue, Princeton: Seton Hall University, South Orange; VAH, Esst Orange. Pensylvania—Allentown General Hospital, Allentown; Allentown State Hospital. Allentown; Lehigh County Family Service, Allentown: Lehigh County Community Mental Health Center, Bethlehem; Lehigh University, Belehems Lincoln Consultation Center, Bethichem; St Luke's Hospital, Bethlehem VAH, Coatesville; Emotional and Hursan Resources, Dubois; Northampton County Community Mental Health Center, Eason Vill St John Viamey Hospital, Downington; Assessments Unlimited, Lancaster; VAH, Pisburgh: Family Practice Center, Meteastem Hospital; Hahnemann Hospital nd Medical Center, Philadelphia; "Northeast Community Meaal Heath Center, Philadelphia; Pilhaven, Mount Gretna, Washington, DC—Washingion Assessment snd Therapy Services; VA, SOUTHEAST: Alabamo—VAH, Tusealosa; VAH, Tuskeegee. Flrida—Univesty of Miami, Coral Gables; Cener fr Behavioral Chang, Fart Myers; Grant Hospital, Miami; Harbor ‘View Hospital, Miami HCA Highland Park Hospital, Miami lackson Memorial Hospital, Miami; South Mini Hospital, South Miami; VAH, Miami Southern Psychelogical Services, Tallahassee Georgia—SPAR- Astana Police Bureau, Anta. Kentucky—Pathway, In, sland: National Insitute of Mental Health Clinical Research Center, Lexington; Univesity of Kentcky, Lexington; Central State Hospital Louisville. Lousiana-—VAH, New Orleans. North Corlina—Goiford Psychiatic Assccates, Greensboro; VAH, Salsbury. Sout Carolina—Mecal Colle of Sou Carolina, Charleston; Cumberland Hospital, Fayenville; Mecklenburg CMHC, Charlotte; Marshall [Lickens Hospital, Greenville; Self Regional Helthare, Greenwood. Tenessee— Psychological ‘Associates, MeMinnille: Sullivan Associates, Greenville; Wison County Mental Health Cente, ‘Lebanon; VAH, Memphis; VAH, Murfeesboro; Grenleaf Center, Chattooga. Virginia—Medical College of Virginia, Richmond; Appalachian Counseling Center, Roanoke; Tidewater Psychiatric Insitute, Vieginia Beach MIDWEST: linis—Emerson Counseling Center, Arlington Heights; Cook County Hospital, Chicago; Egewater-Uptown Mental Health Center, Chicago: Field Cine, Chicago; Gran Hospital, Chicago, linois Masonic Hospital, Chicago; ints tate Psychotic Insite, Chicago: Jewish Family Service, Chicago, Highland Park, and Skokie: Loyola Unversity Guidanee Center, Chicago, “Mercy Hospital and Medical Centr, Chicago: Nea North Family Cente, Chicago: Northwestern ‘University Memorial Hospital and Insitute of Psychiatry, Chico: Ravenswood Hospital and Community Mental Health Center, Chicago: Univesity of Chicago Hospitals, Chicago: University of Mliois, Medical Cente and Chicago Circle, Chicago; VA Research Hospital, Chicago: VA ‘Westside Hostal, Chicago; Weiss Memvial Hospital, Chicago: VAK, Danvill; St. Mary's Hospital, Decatur: Forest Hospital, Des Planes; Fret Insitute of Professional Psychology, Des Pins: VA. Downey; Lincoln Center for Clinical Sevies, Limited, Oak Park: VAH, Hines: Human Systems, Limited, Oakbrook: Lutheran General Hospital, Park Ridge: Lutheran Pastoral Counseling Cente. ark Ridge; Poychology Assocstes, Qincy; Norther Hinois Human Resource Development (Centr, Rolling Meadows; Virginia Prank Ceate, Skokie: Lake County Family Service, Waukegan, Jndiana—Indiana University, Bloomington and Gary; Madieon Center, South Bend; Souther Hills “Mental Health Centr, Jasper; GranBackfrd Mental Health, Marion: Michiana Psychological sociation, Mishawaka: VAH, Marion. Michigan—Assessmnent Center, MUskegon; DeLayo Clin Kalamazoo: VAH, Allen ark; Bethany Christian Services, Grand Rapids; Holland Community Hospital, Holland; Child and Family Center, Kslaazoo; Affiliated Psycholopcal Services, PC, “Muskegon; Pine Rest Cristian Hospital, Grand Rapids; Life Transitions Family Counscling Centers, Ine. Lake Orion. Minnesota—Hear of Lakes Clinic, Annandale; Cline for Atention, Learsing and Memory, Minneapolis; VAH, Minneapolis; Human Services, Inc, Oakdale; VAH, St Cloud, Consultation Services Center, St Paul Nebraska-—Capstone Behavioral Health, In. Omaha; Premier Psychiatrie Research Insitute, Lincoln, Norh Dakora—Norhwest Human Sevice Center, Willson ‘Ohio—Cleveland Psychiatric Instute, Cleveland: Comprehensive Psychiatric and Psychological Services, Columbus; VAH, Cleveland: Behavioral Consultants, Norton; Department of Corections, Columbus. Wisconsin—Affilates Psychological Resources, $C, Madison; Mendota Mental Health Institute, Maison; University of Wisconsin, Madison and Waukesha; Psychology Cente, Madison: Rivetill Psychologies] Associaes, Manitowoc; Medical Associates, Menomonee Falls; Medical Collegeof Wisconsin, Milwaukze; Milwaukee General Hospital, Milwaukee; Psychological [Evaluation and Treatment Cline, Milwaukee; St. Croix Regional Medical Center, St. Croix Fall; Lutheran Social Services, Wausau NORTH AND SOUTH CENTRAL: Arkansas~The Bridgeway, Lite Rock, Colorado— (Colorado State University, P1 Colin; Ft Logan Mental Health Cente, FL. Logan. Idako—Integated Behavioral Healtheare, Coeur D’ Alene; State Hospital Not, Orofino, fowa—French MH Cent, Davenport Karsas—Shawnee Mission Psychiasic Group, Shawnee Mision; Topeka State Hostal, “Topeka; Cental Kansas Psychological Services, Great Bend; Sumner County MH Center, Wlliagton; University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City. Missouri—Gray Psychological Clini, St Charles: CConsuking Psychologists, Inc, Warensburg. Montana-—Norhwest Counseling Center, Bilin. [Nebraska-Nova Therapestic Center, Omaha. Oklahoma—Poyner Psychological Services, Choctaw; Central State Hospital, Norman; The Psychiatric Center of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City; Oklahoma State University, Stillwater Psychiatric and Psychological Associates, Tulsa, Texas—Dallas County Medical fleah Center, alls; Prima A.D.D. Corp, Dallas: University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Dallas, Universiy of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston; Texas Tech University, Lutbock: ‘Metro Counseling Associates, Arlington; West Houston Psychological Associates, Houston. Ua ‘VAH, Salt Lake City, Wyoming—Memeril Hospital, Cheyenne. WEST COAST: Calfornia—Valley Psychological Services, Bakersfield; Cay of Hoye National Medical Centr, Duart Mid-Valley Counseling and Psychological Services, Encino; Univesity of California, La Jolla; Garrard Centr for Psychotherapy, La Mesa; Jnr L. Pets Memorial Veterans Hospital, Loma Lindy Loma Linda Psychatic Group, Loma Linda; Memorial Medical Cente, Long Beach; VAH, Long Beach; Western Counseling Center, Long Beach; Cedars-Sinai Medial Cntr, Los Angeles; Psycharonics, Los Angeles: VA Outpatient Clinic, Los Angeles; VA Wackworth Hospital, Los Angeles: VADC, Los Angcis; Guidance Center, Oceanside; Stanford Unversity Medical Center, Pal Alto; VAH, Sepulvede; California Psychological Services, Sherman Oaks; Institute for Human States. Sherman Oaks. Haait—Psychatic and Psychological Affiliates, Honolale, Oegon—Chil/Adult Intervention Services, Tigard. Washington-—VAH, Seat; Providence Medical Centr, Seale; University of Washington Medical Centr, Settle: Center for Counseling and Psychotherapy, Yakima: Evergreen Psycheiogical Associates, mond CANADA: Aiberio—Edmonton General Hospital, Edmonton; Calgary Hest, Calgary Drumbeler Insite, Dumbell. Brissh Columbia—Viewora Psychological Sevces, Vitoria; University of British Colombia, Vancouver Monitoba-—Brandon Mental Health Cent, Brandon, Ontario—Woodstock General Hospital, Weodstock; Queen Anne's Mental Heath Centre, Toronto; ‘Clarke Insite, Toronto BUROPE: Denmark—Universty of Copenhagen Hospitals; Slagese Hospital, Slagse; Glostrup Psychiatric Hospital, Glostrup. England—Glenside Hospital Bristol, University of Liverpool: Insitute ‘of Psychiat, London: London Hospital, London; Te Roysl Free Hospital, London; West Suffolk District Hospital, Suffrk. Scottand—Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh Theodore Millon November, 2008 Chapter 1 Introduction ‘The Millon™ Clinical Mutiaxal Inventory (MCMI9 is intended tobe an evolving assess- ‘ment too, tbe zefined as needed on the basis of substantive advances. Each svcessve version of ‘he MCDA test hasbeen refined and strengthened. ‘0 incorporate developments in theoretical logic, research data, and profesional nosology. ‘The cutrent release ofthe MCME-IT™! test continues this ation with updated norms and the addition ofa new seaeealed Inconsistency to help detect random responding, These deve: ‘opments, described in Chaper 6, fllow onthe heels ofthe introduction ofthe Grossman facet. scales forthe Clinical Personality Patras and Severe Personality Pathology scales in 2006, Distinguishing Features Several features distinguish the MCMI-II test {rom oer inventories. These inclde the rela- tive brevity ofthe inventory, its theoretical Anchoring, its moi format, its construction though three stages of validation is use of base rate scores, and is interpretive doth Inventory Length ‘The MCMI authors have slivays ied 1 keep the {otal numberof tems small enough to encour ‘age the test's sein all kinds of chagnestic and treatment stings, yt large enough to permit the assessment ofa wide range of clinically relevant behavior. AUIS items, the MCMEII testis uch shorter than comparable instruments. Po- tently objectionable tems ave been serecned cul and vocabulary geared vo an eighh-erade reading level. As esl, the grea majority of patients can complete the MCMLII test in 20, {030 minutes, fcitating relatively simple and rapid administration while minimizing patent resistance and fatigue. Theoretical Anchoring Diagnostic instruments are more wef when they are systematically linked to comprehen sive clinical theory. Unfonunately, as many ators have noted 2, Bucher, 1972), ases- ‘ment techniques and personality they have developed alot independeny. Asa resi, fe ingnosic messes have been based on or have volved from clinical theory. The MCMI-II est is ifferen Each ofits Axis seals isan op rational measine ofa syncome derived from a ‘heory of personality (Millon, 1969/1983, 1981, 1986, 19860, 1950; Millon & Davis, 199) Although the Axis eales are not expliiy de- rived frm the theo, they are nevertheless re fined in terms of is generative framework. The Scales and profiles ofthe MCMIT est measure these theory-derved and theory-sefined variables sietly and quntfably. Seale elevations and configurations canbe used to suggest specific Patient diagnoses and clinical dynamics as ell &s testable hypotheses about socal history and caren behavioe. Structural Character [No lss important than its lnk to theory is he oocdination between a clinically oriented inte ‘ment andthe offical diagnostic system and its syndrome categories. Fee curently available Agnostic instruments have ben constructed tobe as consonant with the officis sology as the MCMLII est, With the advent of te DSM-IIP™ (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of ‘Mena Disorders, third edition), DSM-II-R™, and DSM.1V@ (American Psychiatrie Associa tion, 1994), dignostc categories wer precisely specified and operationally defined. The stvc- ture ofthe MCME test pales that ofthe DSM on a number of levels. First, the MCMI-I scales are grouped into the categories of perso ality and psychopathology to reflect the DSM istinetion between Axis Hand Axis L Separate scales distinguish the more enduring personal- ity characteristics of patents (Axis) rom the acute clinical disorders they display (Axis Da Sstinction judged to be of considerable use by test developers and clinicians (Dahlstrom, 1972), Profiles based on all 24 clinical scales may be imerpeted to illuminate the interplay between long-standing characterological patterns and the sistinctve clinica symptoms currently being manifested ‘Beyond the DSM dition between ysychi- rj symptoms and enduring personality disp sons, the scales within each ais ae father wouped according tothe level of severity of he peychopathology. Thus he premorbid charac terologcal pater ofa patient is assess inde fendent ofits degree of pathology. The Schizo- ‘gpa, Borderline, and Paranoid scales represent neater levels of personality pathology and have ten st off fom the 11 base personality scales, Schizoid through Masochist (Sel-Defeatn). (See Table 1.) Similarly, the moderately vee Cn Syomes ae separ nd assessed independ from the Sever Clinical Syndromes (Thought Dicrder, Major Depres sion, and Delsional Disord), which resum- sly have amare prychotic nate Table 1.1_The MCMLLIII Scales Clical Personality Pater 1 Schizoid 2A Avoid 2B Depress 3 Dependent 5 Natcisisie 6A Amie a) 68 Sadistic Aggressive! 7 Compubive BAS NegaivisiciPasive Agressive) me 2 Mesochisic St Delsing? ‘Severe Persona Pathology Ss Sehizayga C Bordetine Paranoid ical Syndromes 1 Antety Ho Soman N Bipolar: Manic D—_Oystymia 8 Alcohol Dependence T _DrugDependence R Pos raumatic tess Diode Severe Cina Syndromes SS Thought Disorder CC Mijor Depression PP Detsionsl Osoeder Motiying indices x Ditcowre YY Desiaility 2 Debasement Random Response ators vo Inaly W Inconsistency Second at the scale level, each axis is composed of dimensions tht reflect its foremost sydromes. Thus the Axis Il seales include ‘hose personality dimensions that have been part ofthe DSM since its third revision, and the ‘axis [sales eflet those syndromes that re ‘most prominent nd important i clinical work. ‘Three Stages of Val tem selection and scale development progressed trough a Sequence of three validation steps: (a) ‘heoretical-sestanive, (b)interna-strotra, and (€) external-criterion By using diferent validation stegies, the MCMI-II test upholds the standards of test developers who are comit- ted to diverse methods of consietion and vali: ation (Has & Goldberg, 1967) Inthe tecetcalsubstantive stage, tems {or each syndrome were generated fo conform to theoretical requirements and othe substance of ‘the DSM citer, In he itera structural stage, these “rational” tems were subjected to inter- nal consistency analyses. ems that had higher correlations with sefs for which they were not intended were either dropped entiey ot re-examined agains theoretical itria and reas- signed reweighted Only items tha survived tach successive validation stage were ineloded in subsequent analyses Inthe extemal-eiterion phase, items were examined in terms oftheir ability to discrimi rate among clinical groups rather than between clinical groups and nomal subjects. Normals are not an appropriate reference or comparison group (Rosen, 1962), For each generation ofthe MCML es, he external phase of development ‘has emphasized data which target diagnostic _roups were contrasted with a population of represetative but unifferetisted psychic Patient. The sift. a general psychiatric rather than a normal comparison group helps to op mize the discriminative efficiency of scales and ‘hereby heightens diferental diagnosis. A favor- able ratio of valid- postive to false-positive cla: Sifications spots this strategy (ee Chapter 4) Rather than becoming a product of compro- aise, then, the rpartte model of test construc tion atemprs to symhesize the strengths ofeach development phase by rejecting items tat ae {ound tobe deficient in patcuar respects. This ensures thatthe inal scales ofan inventory do not consis of items that optimize one partic Jar parameter of ext construction, but instead conjoint satisfy multiple requirements, inereas- ing te generalizability ofthe end product. The final prottypal items of each MCMI, MCMILIL, and MCMUIL scale met, through sequential refinement, the basic criteria ofeach of these ‘construction methods Diagnostic Thresholds ‘An important fata that distinguishes the [MCMELIL st from ober inventories iit use of stra base rate data rater than normalized Saniard score ransfomation. Because T sores are develope so that each seae ofan iaventory has an denial mean abd standard deviation, they implicitly assume thatthe prevalence rates of all disorders are similar (or example that there are roughly equal amber of depresses and schizophrenics Inconrs,the MCMIL test seks fo diagnose the percenaze of pa tients who ae actualy found to be disordered across diagnostic setings. These data not only ovide a basis for selecting optialdillerentil Aiogoosticcting lines but so ensure thatthe frequency of MCMLII-peneraed diagnoses and profile pers will be comparable wo representa tive clinical prevalence ates. Local base ates and cating lines must sil be developed for pe cial etings. Nevertees, validation data with ‘arity of population (fr example, oupatens and inpatient, cin aleohol and dug eat ‘meat centers) suggest that the MEME est an te wsed with a reatonale level of confidence in ros cliicl stings. Interpretive Refinements The computer-generated MCMI-II narrative report integrates a patient's personolgical and symptomatic features and presents them in & style thai similar wo that of reports prepared by clinical psychologists, The individualized automated report synthesizes data fom sale score elevations and profile configurations nd js based on the results of actuarial esearch, the [MCMI’s theoretical schema (Millon, 1969/1983, 1981, 1990), and elevant DSM diagnoses within ‘a ulixil framework. Beyond providing a complex description of syndrome dynamics, the rept summarizes findings along several dimen- sons or axes: eveity of disurbanee, presenting lineal syndrome, basic penalty pathology, psichosocal stressors, and therapeutic implica tins (see Chater 7). ‘Advances Since the MCML-I Test The decision to revise the MCMI est inthe carly 19905 was motivated hy theoretical. profes sonal and empirical coneems ‘Theoretical Progress ‘The theory on which the MCN and MCMILI tests were consi has undergone conser able development No loners bse primarily on the behavioral pinipes of reinforcement and noring (Millon, 19971983, 198, Millon {Every 1985): instead anchored broadly dnd iyo evelionary henry (Millon, 190 Mion & Davis, 1996) With hs change, ersonality disorders re sen as evolutionary onsets dived om the fondamenal asks Mat al organisms confor, the sgl toes ce sarin pleasure ferns pai) the effort to apt ote enviroment o adapt ie ‘environment nese (passive vrs active), fd the rpniss saz) w make repre tne investments in kin oofspring versus an investment ints ova persona recon ber vessus sel). "These the fundamental polities form a foundation based inthe lag famework uf sofutioary theory hat warscends any prc Jar school or traditional perpetive on personal ily. Accordingly, the Axis Iaisoens are no longer sen as Being dvived pinay fom 4 Ange lnc daa evel, be behavior, Phenomensiogica,intapycic, or phys fal at, within one of the fur tational approaches opsjchological science sted, petsonaliy disorders ae seen as menifest across the entre mtr a he person, with expression thoughout several linia domains. Conse- quently, we have aiculated an expanding se of ignosicentesa and personaly concepts {€5, Milo, 198,199 a famewerk mach ‘move extensive than te DSM. inlaing the DSMEIV. The growing body of clini ere [yovides substan knowlege bs or the [MCR tes. T he extent that the OSM-TV tefl tose vanes, is comespondence othe CMI st hasbeen fuer stenethened. Professional Progress In aditon to theoreial progress oriented ‘ovard the understanding of Axis the area of Personality isrders itself nw enjoys wold Wide sinters. Te growth ofthe Jour na of Personality Disorders ad the nim tional Soci forthe Study of Personality Disor- dersilesuates the importance ataced 16 these -ydtomes a 2 major component of he mental disorders, These to major forums both inform and reflect the renaissance in personality theory land assessment that began inthe late 1970s and 1980s (Milo, 1984, 1990) and continues ay. “Moreover, the clinical field genes has seen numerous professional developments Sie the eleaeof the MCMEIL est. The mest Significam ofthese was the publication ofthe DDSWLIV. An inceasingly solid base foe making refine dignostie decisions hs ben found, ‘well beyond the literature ofthe late 19705 and carly 198, To provide for ational scales, to optimize the corespondeace between MCMIL items and DSM-IV eter, and 0 reflect gene. alization studies, 98 new CMI items were intxuced to replace 95 MCMLI ites. T6 scales were added: one Clinical Personality Pater (Depressive) asd oe Clinical Syndrome seal (Post-Traumatic Sess Disorder) Finally, a sal softs was added to stenthen te ‘ily ofthe Noteworthy Responses section of the interpretive repor inthe areas of child abuse, anorexia and bulimia, Empirical Progress Currently, mor than 600 research stasis have teem poblshed that employ the MME test a 8 ‘major assessment insert (se Appendix Bof Craig, 205, for bibliography). This substantial empirical hs, although dificult o digest in its toa, edo Several major refinements in the stuctre of the MCMI-II est. "Numerous cross-validation and cos- gene alization stades have been and conte tobe executed withthe goal of evaluating nd imov- ing each ofthe elements that make up the MCMI test its items, sales, scoring procedes,alo- rithms, and interpretive texte Choca, Shanley, ‘& Van Denbure 192: Choce & Van Denburg, 1997, 200; Crag, 193; Hsu & Manish, 1992; Manish 94). These ongoing ivesiations continue to prvige am empirical grounding for Tunher upgrading ofeach ofthese components ‘With the preceding information as abs, numberof changes were introduced to create the MCMLI test. First, the inPepce ofthe item-veightng system inroduced inthe MCMLII test was Whereas before protorypal items ‘were given a weight of 3 points, they 08 receive a weight of 2 pints. Studies have gener ally shown vey hgh crrelaons between scales ‘composed of weighted and unweighted items. “The authors continu o fel that the distin tion hereen items that are more central and those tha are more psipheral to the definition ofa construct i an essential one and that items shouldbe weighted acordig to thet demon: strated substantive, stryctural and external characteris (Loevinger, 1957) However, 2 Points, rather than 3, ae now deemed adequate for capturing this istinction. Clinicians may stil chogse to inspect the prtoypal items af each scale as socalled etal items when seking suppor foe particular criteria and when making iagnostic judgments. Abandonment ofthe item- weighting system, while perhaps not emp: cally objectionable, would have produced scales composed exclusively of singly weighted items, a characteris that isnot only incommensurate ‘withthe protoypal model that underies the ffi ial diagnoste sytem but is also inconsistent ‘withthe rparite logic that guided the develop- ment of the test tse one that holds empirical considerations tobe only one basis on which the Structural feature ofan instrument should res ‘Second, modifications were also made tothe procedures for corectng distortion effect (.. ‘andom responding, faking, denial, complaining) ‘These modifications simply the seoring proce- ure that were developed forthe MCMI tes. Clinical and Research Uses Because it sat administer and because computer scoring and interpretation sre realy svilble, the MCMEIIT test can be used on a routine basis in outpatient clinics, community agencies, mental health centers, college counsel- ing programs, general and meatal hospitals, inde- pendent and group practice offices, and forensic setings. The primary purpose of the MCMI-II testo prove infraton tnicans— perches ptt cus sa ove yon mosey who moa Ine esnen snd een dels bat indus wh emotional and iepesonal ‘ia. Compe genes lal pos for he cM exe sie po eve of Ue The MMII Poe Report of le seo feel as a srening device idenuly ates who may ee mae tense eval Bromor fest tenon Indra sale unig tes on te MEME st can be sed Tormbe risos concerning Par ea ir dsrdrso sane ges, Sy, Slvaton ec anon soe fas an fui proud rome soa paint, ‘Srey and hoy of pabog. More Concent yn tetas of ‘lath sng symptoms, coping betes slab peony Sueur cant dred rn at exanatn of th configu ptm of all 24 clin eas ‘etately. be MM! Inert Report provides a ofl ofthe sale scores asa {oahs of psn ad smptom nas SB afgclns fr Bere made ‘Tovtatmize te cn applica of te Mion nents date bt sxe Strep: ad menor re a tw tsar oft varios vaso tthe DCMI te have een ana navy of lenge ntty Chinese, Danish, Dah Fenish Gaman, Hebe, in, Nosepan, ‘Spanish, Swedish, and Thai. Several of these tenon have an equate Cabs for Tech nd tel cipro gh ‘one are fully established regarding their norma- the popes andre vay. ‘Aqui MCMII anslaton shoal va. ‘tin te dase oes thn cna es ae the poses of plying the Me tet for esearch pp As ted evo, tno tan ah sds hve td he QI ena sgnticam mane lcressed Conformity ih BSE tena and ewe of Scar se eda maybe pei val tbl when sdetng een groupe Objet, Ghani ant thymine Sires and ple pets can eee gee feand testa vavety of clinical. experimen tal. and demographic hypoheses. The authors ‘ontinve io encourage sich work, would appre ate receiving the results of studies, and would be pleased o engage in collaborative research sed a improving the instuments clinical and investigative uility. More detail concering research withthe MCMI est an be found at wow Millon ions and Qualifications ‘The following sections deal several limitations snd qualifications that mst be kept in mind ‘when using the MCMI-II tes. Use in Appropriate Setings Fist, the MCMII ests ta general peson- ality instrament be wed with aoamal pop lations or for purposes ther than dagost serening rca assessment I fers from ner moe broly app inventories whose presumed tity for divers populations may nt teas great asis oe thought ‘Nosmative data end ansforination seo for the MCMIII te are based entry on clinical samples and are applicable only ond als who evidence problematic emotional and interpersonal gmpioms or who ae undergoing professional prjcothenpy or psyehodignastic ‘valuation, AlRoug is te operational measure of relevant theoretical consuuesis fully justfe, he samples employed for soc purposes ae best dawn ony frm comparable inal poplans. To administer the MCMI- testo a wider range of problens oes of subjects—for example ue iin busines end industry, for denying neroogc lesions, or forassesing general penalty tails ang college studens—is to appl the insument to settings and samples for which tis neither intended noe appropri Clinicians working wit physically i, behavioral medicine, a rehabilitation pains are directed tothe Millon Behavior Medicine Diagnose (MBMD™: Millon, Anton, Mion, Meagher, & Grossman, 201. Smillie indivi to be arescd ia pryhologclly bled enager ae uno en igh school or beginning college lev the ein is vised to employ the Millon Adolescent Clinica ventory (MACT™: Millon, Millon, & Davis, 1993). Those who wish to appraise the psychological atbutes and tit of nonetinica (Ge. normal) adults shoud use th Millon Index of Personality Styles Revised (MIPS@ Revised; Millon, Weiss, & Millon, 2004). The MIPS test isespecially stable asa gauge ofthe broader theory's constructs. AM ofthese instruments re availabe rom Pearson, Interpretation by Qualified Professionals Allies muterials and repos offered by Pearson azeaigned a qualification level scoring to the credemialsrequied to purchase rogues at that evel, The MCMEAI test is Level C product. Level C purchasers must ave a igh level of esperis atest interpretation and must provide eden indicating: + licensure or ceriiation to patie in Uhr ate a ld elated to he purchase oR a doctorate degre in psychology, edu- cation, or a closely related field with formal training in the etical adminis tion, scoring, and interpretation of clinical assessments elated to the intended se of the assessment. ‘Users ofthe Millon computer-based repr register high levels of satisfaction with thei ‘overall quality and with their comespondence to independently derived clinial observations and judgments (Craig, 1993; Green, 1982), Neverhcess, clinicians who use te interpretive repont should not be ule overtime into nert- «al acceptance; they should routinely compare the statements generated agains independent clinical evidence. Otherwise, tex eports may take ona kind of Barnum effect, causing read- 18 to conlude that such repors ae accurate, not because they are, but because they present aarbutes that are so general o common that they apply to almost everyone. Moreover, the mysterious and seemingly quantitative and exact power of computers has no doub imbued the reports, at leas for some, with an undue measure of scenic merit and cineal acumen, For- ately the Findings f investigations hte de ‘alidty of MCMI interpretive eports provide strong evidence that ratings ofits accuracy are Digher than canbe sscounted for bythe Barnum cflec or the compuer-generaed format (Cra, 1093; Moreland & Onsta, 1987; Sundberg 1987). Inadditon, MCMEI users should note that the automated interpretive service is considered ‘4 professional-o profesional consilation. As a selfeport intrment, the MCMI-II tes rere sents only one facet of total patient evaluation ‘The iaformatien contained in cach interpretive repor: represexsa series of tentative and proba bilsic judgments, nota set of definitive state ments. Text tthe beginning ofall MCM-IL verpretive reports slates that the report should be evaluate in conjunction with adiional slinical dat (for example, eument life circum: stances, observed behavior, biographical history, Iterview responses, and information frm eter tess). The securacy and richness of any self report ears enhanced when is findings are appraised in the context of oer clinical sources. [Not enly dots the combination of varios gauges from diverse settings provide data aggregates that increase the likelihood of drawing comect inferences (Epstein, 1979, 1983), but mul method approaches (Campbell & Fiske, 1959) ‘rove Doth the experienced and the novice lisician with an optimal base fr deciphering tte unigue features that characterize each patent ‘Te integration of selected features ofthe interpretive repor into management and reat- ‘ment decisions i fully appropiate, but dret'y communicating its explicit eomtent to patients or thei relatives is stone discouraged. ‘No less important than the insights provided by non self report sources of clinical data isthe Imerpetive guidance furnished by a variety of nonclinical demographic indies (eg. age, Sex, ‘marl status, vocation, eli, sociosoonomic factors, educational level). Althoogh higher or lower MCMIII sale elevations associated with ‘hese population characterises often reflect real ifferencesin prevalence rates, male police officers score higher than male teachers on certain scales and do so in a manner that is consisent ‘with ontst personality data, itis important for clinicians to havea reasonable notion of what i ‘ypical for paints from particular socal back rounds Similary, a number of scale “modifies” fare used inthe MCMLI test to compensate for ‘differences among patients in their discorion tendencies, notably candor and exaggeration. In Spite ofthese coections. it behooves the clini cian to carefully consider the impact of impetant demographics, nt only to compensate fr their effects but fr the insights they may Furnish and {or ther ability to individulize and enich the ‘meaning of MCMEI clinical dat, ‘Method Biases {As shouldbe evident, there are distinct bound: aries othe accuracy ofthe self eport format; bby no means sia perfect data sour. Inher- cent psychometric limits, the tendency of simi- lar patients o interpret questions diferent, the effect ofcurent affective states on tat measures, and the effort of paints 0 affect ‘certain false appearances and impressions all lower the upper boundaries ofthis method's potemial accuracy, However, self repr instr ‘ment that is constructed inline with accepted techniques of validation (Loevinge, 1957) should begin to approach these upper boundar- ies, Given thatthe MCMI test has progressed through sucha developmental background, we find that the results prove to be onthe mark for bout 55-655 of paints to whom it is admin istered, Is wsefil and generally valid hous with partial misjudgments, in an additional 25-20% of cases, and itis of target (that i, sppreciaby in eros) approximately 10-15% of the ime, These figues ae inthe quanttave range of five o six tmes greater than chance ‘Although accuracy levels vary fom setting to seting, these differences largely refet dif calles in detecting the presence of a disorder a the ime itis being aprased (e.g identifying histrionic personality disorder during apanent’s

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