SHUBHAM JHA

a. I am diploblastic & acoelomate. Which phylum do I belong to?

Ans. Coelenterata (cnidaria)

b. My body is radially symmetrical. Water vascular system is
present in my body. I am referred as fish though I am not.
What is my name?

Ans. Jelly fish

c. I live in your small intestine. Pseudocoelom is present in my
thread like body. In which phylum will you include me?

Ans. Aschelminthes
d. Though I am multicellular, there are no tissues in my body.
What is the name of my phylum?

Ans. Coelenterata / Cnidaria

Bath sponge
(i) It belongs to phylum porifera.

(ii) It bears numberous pores on its body

called ostia and oscula.

(iii) It has special type of cell-collar cells.

(iv) It has good ability of regeneration.

(v) It is always attached to substratum

and hence do not show locomotion.

(vi) Its body is supported by spicules or

spongin fibres.
grasshopper
(i) Grasshopper belongs to phylum Arthropoda.

(ii) Body is covered with chitinous exoskeleton.

(iii) Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen.

(iv) There are two pairs of wings and three

pairs of jointed appendages for locomotion.

(v) It is bilaterally symmetrical

rohu
(i) Rohu belongs to class pisces.

(ii) It is found in fresh water.

(iii) It is a bony fish.

penguin
(i) This animal belongs to class Aves.

(ii) They are found at the south pole,

i.e. at Antarctica, which is a cold region

(iii) Exoskeleton shows feathers.

(iv) Penguin is warm-blooded.

(v) They are adapted to a cold region life.

(vi) Penguin is oviparous.

(vii) Neck is present between head and trunk.

frog
(i) Frog belongs to class Amphibia.

(ii) Can live in water as well as on land during

adult life.

(iii) Skin is without any exoskeleton and is

usually kept moist for respiration.

(iv) They have two pairs of appendages.

Digits are without claws.

(v) External ear is absent but tympanum

(external hearing structure) is present.
lizard
(i) It belongs to class Reptilia.

(ii) It is cold-blooded (Poikilotherm)

(iii) It shows creeping movement as body

cannot be lifted up.

(iv) Neck is present between head and trunk.

(v) External ear is absent

elephant
(i) Elephant belongs to class mammalia.

(ii) Body shows differentiation into head,

neck, trunk and tail.

(iii) Mammary glands are present.

(iv) The heart is four chambered.

(v) Largest terrestrial mammal.

(vi) It is warm-blooded.

(vii) Body is divided into head, neck,

trunk and tail.
jellyfish
(i) Jelly fish belongs to Phylum Coelenterata.

(ii) Cnidoblast bearing tentacles are present

around the mouth. Tentacles are useful for
capturing the prey whereas cnidoblasts
inject the toxin in the body of the prey.

(iii) Body is umbrella shaped, hence called Medusa.

(iv) It is diploblastic, and shows radial symmetry

(i) There are nearly seven million different species of animals
which show a lot of diversity. Hence, it is impossible to study
them together.

(ii) Many scientists tried to classify animals into various

groups.

(iii) Greek philosopher Aristotle was the first to perform

animal classification.

(iv) Aristotle classified animals according to the criteria

like body size, habits and habitats. Classification
proposed by Aristotle is known as ‘Artificial method’
(v) Besides Aristotle, the ‘Artificial method’ was followed by
Theophrastus, Pliny, John Ray, Linnaeus, etc. Later on
‘Natural system of classification’ was followed.

(vi) ‘Natural system of classification’ was based on various

criteria like body organization, types of cells, chromosomes,
bio-chemical properties etc.

(vii) With time, system of classification based on evolution

was also brought into practice. It was used by
Dobzhansky and Meyer.

(viii) Recently, Carl Woese has proposed the animal

classification. In this way, the classification methods
of animals shows progressive changes.
(i) Grades of organization is the structural organization
of animals whereas symmetry is whether the animals
body can be divided into equal halves when cut through
an imaginary axis.

(ii) In the grades of organization, unicellular organisms

have ‘Protoplasmic grade organization’.

(iii) In multicellular organisms, there are different

grades of organization, namely ‘Cellular grade’,
‘Cell-tissue grade’. In some animals, there is
‘Tissue-organ grade organization’, while higher animals
have organ system grade organization’.
(iv) Examples: ‘Protoplasmic grade organization’ - Amoeba
Cellular grade organization - Porifera Cell-tissue grade
organization - Cnidarians. Tissue - organ grade organization -
Platyhelminthes. Organ - system grade organization - All higher
animals.

(v) Depending upon symmetry, animals are Asymmetrical,

Radially symmetrical and Bilaterally symmetrical animals.

(vi) Examples: Asymmetrical - Amoeba Radially

symmetrical - Starfish Bilalateral symmetrical
- Cockroach, man.

(vii) Grades of organization is concerned with the

structure of animals and this has no relation
with symmetry.
a. Give scientific classification of shark up to class.
CLASSIFICATION OF SHARK

Kingdom: Animalia

Phylum: Chordata

Class: Elasmobranchii
b. Write four distinguishing characters of phylum-
Echinodermata.
(i) Calcareous spines are present on the body of these animals,
hence, are called as Echinoderms.

(ii) These animals are found only in ocean.

(iii) Their body is triploblastic, eucoelomate.

It is radially symmetrical in adult stage.
However, shows bilateral symmetry in
larval stage.

(iv) They perform locomotion with the help

of tube feet. Tube feet are also useful to catch
the prey. Some animals are sedentary.
c. Distinguish between butterfly and bat with the help of four
distinguishing properties.

Butterfly Bat
(i) Butterfly belongs to (i) Bats are Chordates.
Non-chordates.
(ii) Butterfly belongs (ii) Bat belongs to
to Phylum phylum Chordata.
Arthropoda.
(iii) It belongs to Class (iii) It belongs to Class
Insecta. Mammalia.
(iv) Exoskeleton is (iv) Exoskeleton is
chitinous. covered with hair.
d. To which phylum does Cockroach belong? Justify your
answer with scientific reasons.
(i) A cockroach belongs to phylum ‘Arthropoda’.

(ii) A cockroach has joint appendages.

(iii) Body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen.

(iv) Two pairs of wings and three pairs of limbs

are present for locomotion.

(v) It is bilaterally symmetrical.

(vi) A Cockroach has a pair of antenna which

acts as sense organs.

(vii) It has chitinous exorskeleton.

a. Though tortoise lives on land as well as in water, it cannot
be included in class- Amphibia.
(i) The animals which not only live in water but also
on land and respire in both climatic conditions are called
Amphibians.

(ii) Tortoise respires through lungs but does not

have a structure to respire in water.

(iii) Also, tortoise lays eggs with hard shells

which is a characteristic of reptiles.

(iv) Tortoise has a neck, whereas neck is absent

in amphibian. Therefore, tortoise is not
an amphibian.
b. Our body irritates if it comes in contact with jelly fish

(i) Jelly fish has tentacles with cnidoblasts around

mouth.

(ii) The toxin released from the cnidoblasts comes

in contact with the body of a person touching it.

(iii) Due to this, there is an itching effect

and irritation.
c. All vertebrates are chordates but all chordates are not
vertebrates.

Chordates
(i) In some chordates, the notochord is present only
in the tail region of larvae.

(ii) In some other chordates, notochord is present

throughout the body length.

(iii) In some chordates, the notochord is replaced

by vertebral column.

(iv) Due to this, all chordates do not get

classified in the same group.

(v) Hence, all vertebrates are chordates

but all chordates are not vertebrates.
d. Balanoglossus is connecting link between non-chordates &
chordates.
(i) Balanoglossus belongs to Hemichordata meaning half-
chordates.

(ii) The body shows proboscis, collar and trunk.

(iii) Its characteristic features resembles with

non-chordates as well as chordates.

(iv) Hence, it is a considered as a connecting

link between non-chordates and chordates.
e. Body temperature of reptiles in not constant.
(i) Reptiles are cold blooded animals or poikilotherms.

(ii) The body temperature of cold blooded animals

changes with the surrounding temperature.

(iii) Reptilians have different habitat which have

different temperatures.

(iv) In order to adapt to different situations,

the body temperatures of reptiles at different
locations differ. Hence, their body temperature
is not constant.
a. Which special cells are present in the body of sponges
(Porifera)?

1. Collar cells. 2. Cnidoblasts.

3. Germ cells. 4. Ectodermal cells.
b. Which of the following animals’ body shows bilateral
symmetry?

1. Star fish. 2. Jelly fish.

3. Earthworm. 4. Sponge.
c. Which of the following animals can regenerate it’s broken
body part?

1. Cockroach. 2. Frog.
3. Sparrow. 4. Star fish.
d. Bat is included in which class?

1. Amphibia. 2. Reptilia.
3. Aves. 4. Mammalia.

Bat (An example of Mammalia)

Body cavity Germ Layer Phylum
Absent Diploblastic Porifera
Absent Triploblastic Platyhelminthes
Pseudocoelom Triploblastic Aschelminthes
Present Triploblastic Arthropoda
 Type Character Example
Cyclostomata Jaw-less mouth Petromyzon
provided with
sucker
Pisces Respiration by Pomfret
Gills
Amphibia Can live in Frog
water and on
land
Mammalia Presence of glands Whale
mammary
Reptilia Cold blooded, Python
creeping
movement
Hydra
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Sub kingdom : Non-chordata
Phylum : Coelenterata
Jellyfish
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Sub kingdom : Non-chordata
Phylum : Coelenterata
Planaria
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Sub kingdom : Non-chordate
Phylum : Platyhelminthes
Round worm
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Sub kingdom : Non-chordata
Phylum : Aschelminthes
Butterfly
Classification: Kingdom : Animalia Sub kingdom : Non-chordata
Phylum : Arthropoda
Earthworm
Classification: Kingdom : Animalia Sub kingdom : Non-chordata
Phylum : Annelida
Octopus
Classification: Kingdom : Animalia Sub kingdom : Non-chordata
Phylum : Mollusca
Star fish
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Sub kingdom : Non-chordate
Phylum : Echinodermata
Shark
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Sub Phylum : Vertebrata
Class : Pisces
Frog
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Sub phylum : Vertebrata
Class : Amphibia
Wall lizard
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Sub Phylum : Vertebrata
Class : Reptilia
Pigeon
Classification:

Kingdom : Animalia
Phylum : Chordata
Sub Phylum : Vertebrata
Class : Aves