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Systematic Analysis for Urea Identification

The document provides a systematic qualitative analysis for the identification of urea, detailing its chemical properties, uses primarily in agriculture and the chemical industry, and the reagents required for testing. It outlines various physical properties of urea and describes preliminary and confirmatory tests to verify its presence. The conclusion confirms that the tested sample is urea, with its chemical formula being NH2-CO-NH2.

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Saofia Hasnin Samia
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24 views2 pages

Systematic Analysis for Urea Identification

The document provides a systematic qualitative analysis for the identification of urea, detailing its chemical properties, uses primarily in agriculture and the chemical industry, and the reagents required for testing. It outlines various physical properties of urea and describes preliminary and confirmatory tests to verify its presence. The conclusion confirms that the tested sample is urea, with its chemical formula being NH2-CO-NH2.

Uploaded by

Saofia Hasnin Samia
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

SYSTEMATIC QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF

UREA

Introduction
Urea is an organic compound with the chemical formula CO(NH 2)2. The molecule has two -NH 2
groups joined by a carbonyl (C=O) functional group. Urea (H 2N-CO-NH2) is solid, colourless and
odorless (although the ammonia which it gives off in the presence of water, including water vapor in
the air, has a strong odor). It is highly soluble in water and non-toxic. Urea is widely used in fertilizers
as a convenient source of nitrogen.

Uses
Agriculture
⮚ More than 90% of world production of urea is destined for use as a nitrogen-release fertilizer.
Urea has the highest nitrogen content of all solid nitrogenous fertilizers in common use.
Therefore, it has the lowest transportation costs per unit of nitrogen nutrient.

⮚ A component of animal feed, providing a relatively cheap source of nitrogen to promote


growth

Chemical industry: Urea is a raw material for the manufacture of many important chemical
compounds, such as
⮚ Various plastics, especially the urea-formaldehyde resins.

⮚ Various adhesives, such as urea-formaldehyde or the urea-melamine-formaldehyde used in


marine plywood.

Reagents Required
1. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH): Dissolve 0.4 g of NaOH pellet in 100 mL of distilled water.
2. Copper sulfate (1 wt.% CuSO4): Dissolve 1 g CuSO4.5H2O in 100 mL of distilled water.
3. Conc. nitric acid (Conc. HNO3): 98 % nitric acid
4. Oxalic acid solution (20 wt.%): Dissolve 20 g oxalic acid in 100 mL of distilled water.

Physical Properties
1. Colour: White
2. Odour: Odourless/ Slight ammonia scent
3. State: Solid

Table 1: Preliminary Test

Experiment Observation Inference


1. Litmus paper test: Take 2-3 mL
supplied solution in a test tube and
test with both red and blue litmus
papers.
2. Evaporation test: Take 5 mL of
the supplied sample solution in a
clean test tube. Heat the test tube
gently in a non luminous flame with
constant shaking.
Table 2: Confirmatory tests for urea.

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Bi-ureate test: Take 5 mL urea Violet color is formed. Urea


solution and evaporate it to dryness.
Cool the test tube. Then add NaOH
drop by drop until the powder 2NH2–CO-NH2 NH2–CO-NH-CO-NH2 + NH3
dissolved. Then add CuSO4 solution.

2. Take 8 mL urea solution and Crystalline white ppt. Urea


evaporate the solution to reduce half
of its volume. Then add conc. HNO3.
NH2–CO-NH2 + HNO3 NH2–CO-NH2.HNO3

3. Take 8 mL urea solution and White ppt. is formed. Urea


evaporate the solution to reduce half
of its volume. Then add oxalic acid
solution. NH2–CO-NH2 + H2C2O4 NH2–CO-NH2.H2C2O4

Conclusion
After performing all tests it was confirmed that the supplied sample solution was Urea and its
chemical and structural formula are as follows:

Chemical formula: NH2 - CO - NH2

Structural formula:

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