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DC Machine & Transformer Notes

The document discusses various aspects of electrical generators, including the principles of operation, types of windings, and the effects of armature reaction. It also covers the importance of maintenance and routine inspections to ensure reliability and efficiency in power generation. Additionally, it highlights the significance of understanding electromagnetic principles and the design of components like conductors and coils.

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samirhalder1032
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18 views70 pages

DC Machine & Transformer Notes

The document discusses various aspects of electrical generators, including the principles of operation, types of windings, and the effects of armature reaction. It also covers the importance of maintenance and routine inspections to ensure reliability and efficiency in power generation. Additionally, it highlights the significance of understanding electromagnetic principles and the design of components like conductors and coils.

Uploaded by

samirhalder1032
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
i Be Pepi = 2 conductor ~ 4 e0ff means lz turn coils. Arma ve hoLo ese Gonductors. ; —wentichl poaition— aT eee Mma xin ose +4 8 © Aften not! Se elec nul liso ‘ Rate chang J Pantace S Voltage Ps AG ee bp ae Linkage 0 & vottage induce 0- ¥S @ et 90 Aipht of the curtve #5 MOAtOILEM - ; 0180 induce cf ‘9 270 \vaduted & a ; *mManiarum bt fe(6) 190° induced oy fs Time tt) yRepative F ni : >t ee e@°360" eae Gone 4 polon will ba Avo mS a GWE Son key SAnphad seokov te Ste Eohgsens SH Mot 996 then it Ts * 4 me >» Respect toting Ft is chang # is pet \ pana hese past aang od Pre. to Dio. Bénvert “TT ie $ ee eR le iS aaguse in Bisairieat hg ip cea se tia or by Pune of tutn Of eof RIAA POtLate “WTO WAN HIME Prime moucy ae 9 Paphitc. P PHCA noe —~ FI weet r “Re lamina ' ao OTe coer. ses Teeth. ame Ler nara a9 SHIA ede mutoton ~ aaa Ben Ataied? Teor SeLet CD OT, ae Raiser. Rais Pole Shoe “RINT Cunves ae -A & >Pole a prs Shoe. 3 Pole, eone—a Godl QUyan em Ce 3 ~~ ig aa ave SOL = Ay, FOL aaa Sa TeT fon Gentrasted winding. ‘ Gera y sSnt 2) COiL . BONA RIND (ON « aeoitny birtéto tudtd eng i Tosicde the. arnmotune Slot vammeatune &ondusetorr Qe hepe. 1 pa BO 1uSth are SEAT ONANY art o the Chines ap t e pole has fii, p Wa eo - Yoh] MAAS fii bof poe flscx e@ AnmMatuteEe. eunmEnt a ory (Se Oa | @ Comm u-totor Bdts as Meo lifer, when mashing \aats as JENeNa-Ion ren Covl Lying von HP. ees) Cunnent. déenection >) XS dertection re, oan = be g eee “ flemm ing night hand rule. ae nd. —ariay Current \ aeneetior ry > N 5) Por look s clock aften 180 Mot ation, af coil. only, 8 oe |e Henes divreation of Curent DS & has only one ainecion So DG. GurT7zent , on es 1s the -funeticn Eivonly Sf Semmaiaotor Armature made. of- SBivéan simet and noy is Gondueting moctertal: a Mure sis made of micltiple slot — ushy 2 Prmatune Waren thickness 014 oF o3 mm. / Cone - Pnm astute. odyh CO Ter Curren t berry AT, wor Laminating Con diretor} ag rar IITTO “RTT, retr lamination insulate “Ty, ACG, ~~ iy we power less Ea awTaT heat Toe Pre dice mai Grenencion — 7g OM CHinren ef Bocterg 7 —wrgrog, Sounee ~THTH eurlrent Barre OT. OT, oer Earn ror ay(T— Armature Corarear Tae” eC 1 ag. ber a. tery OTT generator 2tyPes () Se pomately extited D.C. Grenenaton. 2) Seif en atted,..DC- Grenenoton- Ayth ro ‘res ef “ 4 uO VO Lae pal v Lx fee Te he enc DG: Ces Ko aPrSeparaee 3 trv s toa A oe ASTER AOD OT ae es baa RAZ Pe eet ! UE De’ Wet ree ~ Va) noe oy oe a Bint) x es is-tonce Voltaped nop (-) ee fe is aah) a oR ae EBS . Lees bon = caret iw =" ; bong) Shunt re 2 OTA) Eg SM + Tae tae Tees ee as Sh tT: Tr Bn +, Leb Je] ¥, Short shunt " Compound z Genenaton - Bog, Be ake ty yet TolatYe Ty, Wir = Vet Be on Br, AG £4 ~ Tas Ye Bh EMF equation of genenaton: P= flu» pemipole ya No. Cf gram Oetane 7 6 ondueton f no. of poke a no of pa7iallal path < = Re Speed of Qrematune (0 0m aaa OTL OA UTS: VQ 1 compieic ROCAKION.G CONAUCION Cuts in PR DUMbern offlur. too EO ag = Pg pei) N=P"2 MIN Co See. i. S33 6 > SP os ats GO _ etal Niember of Qamatune Co ndueton == Q29bx22 G4 3 Bey en REM LN | 96a Pamatuine Cunrnent z IB PS 2 CO A Go s96 Volis > + Tear ote Leen 0.002 eC BS, 0-1) g/2- Soe ne fon © Xercu. eqak cha To Rass $e) Then ae = B9¢ —1 somite rer ematund SE ~ cs F< c%il perialioly. , “eerries Bonneekd = 3949 OS enineesied Take vortage Sor ao. Ba vol’ * ; Given dato, SB er cog i Wirz = matinee oes ’ 38 . Sat Scan We Sis tanads® o!on Ms BoE SARA BOO 09 SAO OR Shr Shunt fiesd AVOA core My Terintinal. voltoge’ . or 16 tal load: aun nen ky = oa “Brew hwush top Slots, having, &. sondustor I Sint Pe ating Be eee Se? ° seat Vay sheen n° et es lane! Lap Gonnecsed. it ie durpent \per,donduator ‘460 Amp. ea Loulate the, Eble cpricat Cutpury ofthe 9 er Vy - 5 eee a ee Gory = 820 volts. Tp = toOt OHIO +100 = Yoo amp. p> be opty eiztewit ChAM A d+ersistias S THis the Chamackenistias b ctw en Tadused emg, TP 9 enerafed emt Qo tietd aprement « P— 26 hudy 2 Residua L. Magnet sion: Onitical oa — a ise soos Te CIENT eRe tppppee oro nae Er Hime OF " ec aetannd vo Ltage. ise btn Lindl ee emf + Mine In duaed Broce rato ds o> UO+OA 1405 pitcracdtancse MO ttage. b B asrintitdibs po oe batuéen aemmrtrtaton oars > oth oF Tou OYA i 4 ’ © Ot Or. o a bMinarticm > “sean ls e MOS Titan pale, Tnterpote wis apnnceted han) Seve eid Series eonnettion Osta atten -S KF. aanrigs pi Meee se eG) ot ~bo ammatune {Coit , Gontain s 4S) atteehed \ 70 te Gnd the, | Comm utator ) Se ents and brushes Should (Maintain « | Continuous Raving contact fon € better tr Ons ee Of -the eunzient Mone +than ON] Bosl ts used in pa Machines to yG4yt LOKG—r utvalues 1 EwWo COomMMitatton sot + M2 8 y of th ne ¥ adhto be Vin’ betaseen su ASP. 7 HO & Sho Shunt compound per eR ies F a 15 kW at!200 Ne4 a fF conduetons of ota: ame Wibod ammatiunte ree 16.08 AMA 0103 Petes, Shunt mor, Rr = 90 khat, Ls the emp genenated ? By) Take vananntast Inep af 1V/erush. rox a-¥ ¥) af the machine is Long Shunt TOK, To Tt a) StS + Os ST TTS Amp . Fo =4@t+TaRet+Tan ta yn AF 2O, EERE ¥ 0,03) + = 20%425 volt. (ZETKO04) FD \ Wie D3a > ous Asimotune Reaction: NB 2M Go netic MME & p (flirx) edad ee ae AXIS Emre Bu ntENnt mise tS GINA. > Creamer reg, Netwtnel axes NO Gaanyt Gueriient wn dincatron. Gave) S carry tng. Aunteht cut dimes tion - Cnr No Load (NO anmatune, eun77enk) ° (nretune of Polo) : wV Sy | a | (ustth ocd “eter without exciting the fis etch coil) iS conduoton flux, ag j agule a PAMELA See ae 2 “hatte Main pote mmf #O>-5 << a CInelined aie to anoss Si Magnets np etf CL of ar 1c0 . as ee up ( Lesse tensity ) (atth toad) D iorth ‘opie ag ‘eensity erger ae South pic - wer strength fay “OTT, Pnmatune we COS flu alistntb u Hop presence f armature FLL», poo Soe Distn/ bution of. fluwessf pat denstly, ot ae ote the UPAIING Pblerp pole -tip bifa -the * Dn Sdeal ennartidn\ ts eQUaL to leadm PICALig vs oi ifferent ro armatwire Reaction, he emer et Due ent be wWeduacd. PVE, = v GEN fk 20 . x Poon commuctaton. . > % Ozumartune, Reaetion is poe enoss + Magnetisé son ; oe Se es eye ane V0 4, QuweMQatume Reaetion Sfiees | a of o (7) erdss magnets: ing effec. . G?) De magn étising Dye. Due to_anos netiSing effect Eommutation to te poor? & due to — at ott b.e ammGtune “to be ¥ oN eNastacied £9 edhe nN (=! } ieee moe heutvall axis a She a ath FRE vA Ax isieypiadge SSA ting: win . ‘ 1G OBy use compe” J inthe Hous +0 @om pensae : Te) his. win i foe TY \ pole Press the main le -(Reven Of “era a-lare: lag (eoheiliSren eee Goines) @ using erteepele Pole meee eee > Boe SE. yt eanne.4 be gn senles 23-19. ~ Eleernioal Mot 73 —12 8 a1 Trbde Saunee Ea mero FreLd OSU g ton) Self €ycked De. Moto. a “HET Dic. Sounne, diffenent Ficla. winding Qn cmmasurne winding aonnected. wlth, een Do. Ckunee %S Catted Sepanadely exerted pia. Motor: Teh @ > Iawond cumment @ > curved cunnent Fobit | [ oyemasture ai - | daeation 8 Wig Eg fo CN Pole: Revense of spay b> OZ ,P [4b es nar a Lvnduaed. YO ~the. [otways] aumavurne, Se Go - Tp ie te ep, ete ton] a Seif oxetted D-a. Moton: Shitat Motor? Isr z= re + 2 ts f Tq =vE-Es Br va Me & Tr a o. fb ~ Roy OT « aempound. SISTAD OS Ge “ERG. nw Freaten shan weity. ae aipet. VG 2 tess than Ma rE, tla « Qala SS Tes fietd both eta. ‘ ‘ALUN Flesy pole 1S snunt Fi have Same EDTA Ee higher [euntt LatVE a om Pp inal when sertdes frrotd y cconcthittp, Sunt. field y B&the Senies aennent,) YPRy ws Javerse dim gation >} bf Side + qSimeee Curz<0t * TS cauled Differ < ntiek fom Wack eee + c te Tor gue. rad hist} asgiss be, BHP TY tan ae >t = ia : . r BY Moa BA Th, 0a UT wee Fase]. Nappe- e = oa ae a Cae rica oo ca es neue ve Ep rad Power res PEPE] bara reser es f ae e ae ba IP ana ibeonp % ‘i SBR eS 7 = fn Pe eee)? ; Teg) Peers J ty high ts reason for Sartiunatoncendin £ Openatin : on power Station a_ogs not tag. the whole Iay- Remain Conet: uALTSs SLA pew. LL Ob PRS. With Sevenal f rneum._b @1 generators ope 9 a@ta time tan 2 change cepanceng. Yyppan the Biter emanid iy this manren Jt iS ENeItatonrs Possibic to CPS? ate shin]. nNean their rated COI ator tages Maintoainanes: Routine “nspeation of r ‘ == Fenenatons Vs essential te Reduce the podb slaty of a. Sudden bnzak down. fon this purpose & unit must be. ht to reat ,~D the Shunt down and broug time the athe Machines Can take Mean bate of the load. Rontinulty of SEPVIO? + Width Sey break down. of because the Cons umens AS, TIO 1 peices skunes poate isda Sd Brat 3 Shunt eld ne Tu AL \ d wey LILI Curryent &, = v S BM az Se de Lit it oA FE = Sh Numarator deeremenrt js muah ny Ethan dencminaran ,tee7-ement: So, Bom (vy - Lala)y toad eT e. low aum7mrent “no ous a anmoatut Ta ¢ eur nent (Za) (Vp — Tala yy /pes Nf t : 2.D,C- Series. Moto. \ oe vg. La ChanattenisHes : gue ; Chino GOS ae, Ene ee eee Ta seorsant Ce RT airtel Bae sare I qoy ert oe ta-La. (Fram) RTA, < heFe) hat wall be the. Foeld eunven t Const: wt Been 3 fFa7) Hen SA+URa-tion Te Tq *hareasenistas SS 3 LILA whieh 13 paradlal to doted line, @ = const... for awa lange value of Ta ipcad VS Ta Chane@arenisties : ad t ie ee ei = 04037.) sore ture Curent ae ~ ~ & TIATELd Qurment | Beate s ty Veoy hagdy Parties Fer ote Senies motor [Phaage oF tee (2 +e6) ean be Negleted. nH) he Change of Ta; ase CD U-HA EHS AED ME IMDEHSIOHAS oe et : ROM ass ANA, Beh MY po ee Seen 19 +8 ad on ‘Go Ve) eS 3 PQOOAe \st RE eB OSD SM \ aa © es Sos ia ee B oe Pesdonunt Sy pconcentnastca. ey, (Semis tea gqetho) BAS 2) ae wa MEP e. coi! distributed) a 7 \ eee ie Noe Vt~ tole ® ———————— CF cd Rep). Senies field mone preminant than &bhuot Tor gue Vs. char eS rigapaek Aor ee. TfL « (sq + Pen) Ta. Bu Te ae Miche ane ne 3 methous x5 = eS\ * gg hl oO Flux aie 6 ool method by varertying. eA Ror hele Cz) ~ Speci aaaonivel &.: De moron Spd is i570 rem, Ft Aan be! Moo, taco bt Gannet be. {Goo mph: a9 cuermr Loss less, 0-5.) belou Roeteed oy +his Method. (Bens carer. Bp. ete apzd “I only G@bhove rated Speer can control 2x? xf O mete Sead ts 100 FFMy Pot Aan be 100, 1900 bt Gannet be. {Goo mpm: AoveantGge + | Power loss less, e4fieienay gnasten- Gu YORI Y COG amumoatune resistance; n nape lonaeG 22 tant 73 aonne by ob pyr, Z a e pac 0. ee, yo" : Motor Use as PPine mvey. “ a-+o fiela tS) ¥ &9 eLEN oe eon © pove, cated & be lpann é bath ; ae ‘ : ean tel problem. having an @ 200v De. Shunk Motor @mmatume ~Reers tan ee Gp O25 canszues On Asmatun= aunent of 50 Amp: and. Pun Of seemed eae) flux is réaduatal oy 10% - CaLaulote the. Spted- Con sede Load tongue RemaLns @onstant - Guyen 1, RNa Oe se Vp E220V- \ [ hy hola OB To,> eae PTD N, = 4O0 Sgr : wy nedute on Pa > viva, mrareirwantae } Selcoton EWLtah 1s touah the then wg Gee HS Reint Come into rf the Cowl Op crat on (ee) Cumme nt flous) EMP ce me poc 0 gia raat (Nog ce @Artmatune Resistant eontro! Gy vanny ing the weg Ulaling PeSistant gy Ve Aan ey, Ey. Me te l(Bt Gath) iz e NO bw ? voltage = 2350 Voll ~ OP Nga TOD PPT: Rote Tous 3o Amp- No = PO? ea? = 25AM. Te t Meg Ta, Kay 230 —(30%0'%) 21g volt a PS BAR vhs Bane ¢ z = 1096 | — 2b ae 2OoxRoOH Ft a Ss ne OM, 980-96 ~ 32 9 Bo or Bo0+ eRe 5 z er, ene = 890 or 3-95 2 a * D.C: Se ere f 7 Wwe Se eel Daim) kno: (7 +O and +s; “Mm: p- 4r0oM 250 Vo. Peg of the fan Vannes OS HE wane OF the Pad Pe trimione. fli fy;-eTd ZScstanee. is 06 -- - Tf An additional (mesistowee Fo is tasented Insenfes wiih the anmastune Qieurt Calewiate Hh— Case jhe fieta motor Sowa. Ln c : a flus 93" propynbionat to 7S anmatune Guarent: gene a pe TVEN, Zz & | a \, Ng 2 1o00 P-P-m: Sh s Lg pepe OP @ ‘ } 1 L___— Vp ae SOS (ae Role pe Ce qe ay 2 ND Conditions | Mean th ea condition 2? @ ~ Ta Lex I Weare FaQ°\la a de aire Lin So, N? wT Nn «La Ny Tae = Ny % 45 MEY XIX 195000 \5es e205” otore nating is ee Output = 22%. 27 Amp. OS veny MaANealy to 4 Switbbing La wasvert Uphbie) Oe eon 5 a. ah Repeal Oe Sistan? ¢, = MN Oahu , nedu aed. ste. the Dp wil No pro blerm will bss Be 1, eae : ‘ back emf ) jah wneneme IN Sp eed, jresisianee wil be deanease-fafrec Switabing- the Moron. External ResiStanée must besos then voney Reduee Qmumoetune Qurment at starting. the. nesrstanrce o-eetive Devices Boi Gey / Hold on Relay /Low volt Relay ver load FR volt (rt are starten- a connect V2 a volt Relay => Electro mag nt = =a Tar iron keeper handle a oe © volt Relay (erecrre corenc OS raray OT . Eleatromig Rela Lai nel e Bel AY Nec. eb Ag mast e race iy Sul ¢ i . Me odtidry meee over Woy ' % 4 No viVny Con ose gbescs Mean cuae eee ee pee AD Mane 16 CLAS, a lose | © D> FL rorsation oH Cplec dein MOS Oven S& poant aaa SLT neta fret oe » a, gee? on 4 mt aye EO ku Cunnent Peebnygnise $7 ray LBGS th, Stray Loss Aue +o Armature flux e. 5 cn the eolze flu» > ey 0 call i Set se (5 a9@)7 sada Oo y “ie Tae oe —(5 Bae * 0-3 Fm) Saal =~ 28444 Volt 2290,%0f pe 238 Fb 28 i Mra Sa, <1a,l™ e. Slightly less-tran re HS Mtlee Weta RMAs : 89m e ee = oe eas a a tuo wine ocr 9 ron ee high. vo age - > a aot 3 Sse page. a; oe matenial. c pans formen oil sales used to Losulak i- COiL Foreaah other, to veld the of a wv vent pipe to meus ing a WIL PD ee, OCC Ane transfonmen e huge amount F gos “Auring e Opteias in transformer winding « Pn ' (a xy Jee vy ey e, Ny “ - » ; Ps. Primary mf =n yp Me-Load CUNMEOT = 20 ereiyg OLN flux = Pm “>a ; Ep Vr \ 1 @ ko Trans formation reatiG ; ma ” No. Eat ean ne | i] n= 98%] ® Ny Ey No ® & | a Ry rt wrege? i Ledoae Resistanoe: x, Poamany f Ficticious React /te age ee RHA. (exer Reabtandy)\ |» \ > (Tot) Dat oom r at. Noload t= to Paimany moo = ToNt Se condasy romf 2 op hae Put ee Ayn ! : ruben Amey amp = (Fo SNS p stitach er jfk i dugto opposite heguat| Onty TLEMAM = Pm, Effective primey voltage >V,~F; Fffeotive primary. Regi stance 'for Be. Supply > Zy Effective seanndany fins 2 Poo Po © Eddy -Loss 3 pees fey a Tight Whene, © glad : ee ne Oe Relverds Bid: ay 4 eee é ) _ of pia Core: Ff. a nee, Nass ae the * laminastion my A ee 2. yr Less 0 Pon ove eoppen Loss (77R) « 7? Pat 4 a 4) 1 bed Shy Transformer nating us fp. EVA not in U t rf Py } watt 2 Uilse Due $0 NO presence pot sen factor & huge efEse ea Rae Loos & Inon loss Cop pei logs (278) & EL Tron Loss cev™ Radia-ton is used to inenease the Surface to dissipate the heat. : Biock fan 8 O180 used +o dissipate hear vin GaSe “Of high head Heat Bb ov | Dessipare eae, x $ OlmMoaphe ite hen +emp: daoneases the volume Of “Wrens es the Bi ineneades Gee that delivan< aie Nsenv ation tank Sie iLroon 9TeL Wa Waa ‘to eed le the o+ten partecfoom anaemiog OL: ATA O- evan cat » TO Oia ees Freguenny af Pevernsian. volume of the conc. may q vie 2 2 We Sma, Ff ty b~ Thrawness of eaah tamination L pr , rs Ma Pray. ee #6 Fran Jorn fess = Square of the flux.) De Irom losg Prnass oe 2 Vv, = Prt. Vol. Cow los 3% Pay, of Cunment Ou EY In | Be Ct ere = . ansfonmMen toss & d2@pends on olt-Ampene. on Vo it-Ampene (va) foo 2 e (kva) / Yet iis) why Transform 27 rating mn. tae 1g. (USF (hea rp aageerers VA OT KVA is present bene). faaton Feastan eee aaa Cty Mom ae “feper PASS WU 2p “a9, 2 He. Se ) Pmarey esisHive anop ema reactive crop So oe COne toss cunzrent/ ausnesponsinie tor : Smatk amour of Pp rimany Sue eae, Vive COP 1S (ROMA aio tip, phaser induccol €, - &, induc 40 Pap btektet 6, 52 loqqint: toy fon Tel 6, 7B (netunt veeter diagram of “rres) a we Am, CO5@, CHES / estety ena ran sit pen etn nad. ene 4, dasy itn id aes -oendomy Rea ne ’ C. oe ea Equivalent Resistance con sidenmg step up es ia R4+ m7 t Bm 2 2 au pvebent Resi eq R pn’ [ 7 Re, 24 "6 f Equivole LE ake gy he i sveLont RLOCIANCE Kes tae 4%, stance are & Ee nt Receerone meter +o prrimosy peter +o primary. reefer +o secondany ” ansfor men: xt | fer +o primOmy refer ar meter Te primary +o seanndany, pw =| OW ern ca sRetse dictm badd on: D-@ + NMAOION COWS=trqUetr or US BAGS beeps Seno * Le newb enevt ig of Sch orale a ws) Chad EAE Saas

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