Introduction to STS - Mark Zuckerberg defines it as something that
takes a human’s sense or ability, and augments
Science Defined it and makes it more powerful.
- Comes from the Latin word ‘scientia’ meaning - Carl Sagan said that we don’t fully understand
‘knowledge.’ There is knowledge everywhere we S&T, yet we heavily rely on it, making it a clear
see prescription for disaster.
- A systematic way of understanding the universe - Lewis Wolpert says that reliable scientific
behaves through observation or knowledge is value-free and has no moral or
experimentation or both. ethical value.
Scientific Method Conflation
1. Identify the problem - The merging of science and technology which is
2. Formulate the hypothesis dangerous.
o Hypothesis – A tentative solution to a - When science is used to support someone’s
problem immoral vision.
3. Collection of data Historical Antecedent
4. Experimentation
5. Results / Conclusion - A precursor of a thing
o To accept or reject the hypothesis - An antecedent of something unfolded or existed
6. Recommendation before it.
- The previous state of science and technology or
Social Sciences previous scientific or technological tools that
- History paved the way for more advanced and
- Anthropology sophisticated S&T to arise.
- Sociology Ancient Period
- Psychology
- Economics - Decided to live together
- Always Involves Man - Finding better ways of living, communication,
transportation, and self-organization.
Natural Sciences - Inventions:
- Biology o Ancient Wheel
- Chemistry ▪ Made from an accident where
- Physics the potters will fall into the
- Mathematics ground
- Not man made ▪ Aproduct from the human mind
o Paper
▪ Come from the Rush plant
which is prevalent in the Nile
• Wolpert Defined Science as knowledge
River
• John Helbron (2003) “modern science is a
▪ The creation of scrolls
discovery as well as an invention”
“Papurus”
▪ It is why we know a lot about
the Egyptians through their
Technology Defined scrolls.
- The application of scientific knowledge, laws, o Anyikythera Mechanism
and principles to produce services, material ▪ A device found under a sunken
tools, and machines aimed at solving real world ship near Antikytheragris
problems. ▪ A device early people used to
- From the Greek word ‘Techne,’ meaning ‘art, make calendars
skill, or cunning of hand’ ▪ Precursor of the computer
- Wolpert defined it as the application of the
knowledge
Middle Ages ▪ Medical Incubator by Dr. De del
Mundo made from indigenous
- Most of the innovations are a modification of a material
traditional production ▪ Mole Remover by Rolando dela
- Emergence of scientific thinking and method Cruz made from cashew nuts
- Creation of the medieval universities ▪ Banana ketchup by Maria Oresa
- Some of the humanities’ most important which is an answer to the
modern technologies can be traced back to the scarcity of tomato ketchup
Middle Ages
- Innovations:
o Heavy Plough Historical Anecedents of S&T
▪ Have cultivated the greatest
yield in the lands of Europe up
to different parts of the world
o Paper Money
▪ Changed the way we trade
▪ May by the Chinese
o Mechanical Clock
▪ Antecedent of the Wheel
▪ Created a universal system of
telling time
▪ Communication between
people from different time
zones becomes easier
Modern Ages
- Increase in world population
- Realization of the importance of the efficiency
of transportation, communication, and
production (Tinamad nakong magsulat)
- Industrialization
- Greater risk in health, food safety, and
environment rose which ha to e addressed as
S&T rose
- Innovation:
o Microscope
▪ Changed the way we
understand desieses
o Telescope
▪ Showed mankind’s interest in
the entities in outer space
o Airplane
▪ Changed the way we travel
o Television
▪ Changed the way we see the
news
o Filipino Inventions
▪ Jeepney
▪ Erythromyan (One of the First
Antibaiotics) by Abelaedo
Aguilar