ISRO
(Indian Space Research Organisation)
1
Contents
1. Introduction 3
2. Goals and objectives 3
3. satellite programmes 3
4. Chandrayaan-1 5
5. Chandrayaan-2 5-6
6. Chandrayaan-3 6
7. Mangalyaan 7
8. Conclusion 7
Introduction:
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO is India's national space agency.
Formerly it is known as the Indian National Committee for Space
Research (INCOSPAR).
It was set up at the behest of the then-Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru at the
recommendation of Dr. Vikram Sarabhai in 1962, a prescient scientist.
ISRO is primarily responsible for space-based operations, space exploration,
international space cooperation and the development of related technologies.
ISRO built India's first satellite, Aryabhata, which was launched by the Soviet space
agency Interkosmos in 1975. In 1980, ISRO launched satellite RS-1 onboard SLV-3,
making India only the seventh country on the planet to undertake orbital launches.
Goals and objectives:
As the national space agency of India, ISRO's purpose is the pursuit of all space-based
applications such as research, reconnaissance, and communications.
It undertakes the design and development of space rockets and satellites, and
undertakes explores upper atmosphere and deep space exploration missions.
ISRO has also incubated technologies in India's private space sector, boosting its
growth.
satellite programmes:
The IRS series:
The Indian Remote Sensing satellites (IRS) are India's earth observation satellites. They are
the largest collection of remote sensing satellites for civilian use in operation today, providing
remote sensing services.
The INSAT series:
The Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) is the country's telecommunication system. It is
a series of multipurpose geostationary satellites built and launched by ISRO to satisfy the
telecommunications, broadcasting, meteorology and search-and-rescue needs. Since the
introduction of the first one in 1983, INSAT has become the largest domestic communication
system in the Asia-Pacific Region.
Below are the details of the INSAT satellite series.
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Gagan Satellite Navigation System:
The Ministry of Civil Aviation has decided to implement an indigenous Satellite-Based
Regional GPS Augmentation System also known as Space-Based Augmentation System
(SBAS) as part of the Satellite-Based Communications, Navigation, Surveillance and Air
Traffic Management plan for civil aviation.
Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC):
IRNSS with an operational name NavIC is an independent regional navigation satellite
system developed by India. It is designed to provide accurate position information
service to users in India.
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Chandrayaan-1:
Chandrayaan-1 was India's first mission to the Moon. The robotic lunar
exploration mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor called the Moon
Impact Probe.
ISRO launched it using a modified version on 22 October 2008 from Satish
Dhawan Space Centre.
It entered lunar orbit on 8 November 2008, carrying high-resolution remote
sensing equipment for visible, near infrared, and soft and hard X-ray
frequencies.
Chandrayaan-2
Chandrayaan-2, the second mission to the Moon, which included an orbiter, a
lander and a rover.
It was launched on 22 July 2019, consisting of a lunar orbiter, the Vikram lander,
and the Pragyan lunar rover, all developed in India.
It was the first mission meant to explore the little-explored lunar south
pole region.
The objective of the Chandrayaan-2 mission was to land a robotic rover to
conduct various studies on the lunar surface.
The Vikram lander, carrying the Pragyan rover, was scheduled to land on the
near side of the Moon, in the south polar region at a latitude of about 70° S at
approximately 1:50 am (IST) on 7 September 2019.
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Chandrayaan-3:
Chandryaan-3 is India's second attempt to soft-land on the Moon after the partial
failure of Chandrayaan-2. The mission will only include a lander-rover set and will
communicate with the orbiter from the previous mission.
On 23 August 2023, ISRO became the first space agency to successfully land a
spacecraft on the lunar south pole region, and only the fourth space agency ever
to land on the Moon.
6
Mangalyaan:
The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), informally known as Mangalyaan was
launched into Earth orbit on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space Research
Organisation (ISRO) and has entered Mars orbit on 24 September 2014.
The spacecraft had a launch mass of 1,337 kg (2,948 lb), with 15 kg (33 lb) of
five scientific instruments as payload.
Conclusion:
There is no doubt that ISRO is really the pride of India. Furthermore, it has boosted the
reputation of India in the world as a nation of scientific thought and development.
Hopefully, ISRO will continue its noble mission of space and technological exploration in
the future.
Name: Hanshika Mohanta
Class: V
School: Sri Satya Sai Vidya Vihar
Address: Baripada, Odisha