EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES, STRATEGIES, AND OPPORTUNITIES OF

STREET VENDORS IN LAOAG CITY

By

PINEDA, JUNIEDEL G.
GAMIAO, DESSA MAE L.
BARACAO, HSIAOEN GWAYNETH R.
GAOIRAN, MARVIN T.
GUNGAB, JENA SHANE G.
LUMABAO, CAMILLE ROSE E.
NAGTALON, CARL DEINIELL C.

Grade 12 ABM Zara

A quantitative research submitted to the

Senior High School Department
Ilocos Norte National High School
Laoag City, Ilocos Norte

In partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

March 2025
 APPROVAL SHEET

This is to certify that this research, entitled: “EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES,

STRATEGIES, AND OPPORTUNITIES OF STREET VENDORS IN LAOAG CITY” and
submitted by Baracao, Hsiaoen Gwayneth R., Gamiao, Dessa Mae L., Gaoiran, Marvin T., Gungab,
Jena Shane G., Lumabao, Camille Rose E., Nagtalon, Carl Deiniell C., Pineda, Juniedel G. to fulfill
part of the requirements in Practical Research 2, is hereby endorsed by

Brent Jethro P. Eder

Research Adviser

Accepted and approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the subject Practical
Research 2 of the Senior High School Curriculum.

Vrenie Joy C. Pedro

Assistant Principal II

Jerry V. Carreon
School Principal IV

ii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers would like to extend their sincere gratitude to all the people who helped

and contributed to the success of this research project.

The researchers extend their deepest gratitude to the Almighty God for providing them

with the strength, wisdom, and guidance necessary to undertake and complete this research.

Without His divine providence, this endeavor would not have been possible.

Second, the researchers like to convey their deep appreciation to their research advisor,

Mr. Brent Jethro P. Eder, for his support and insightful critiques throughout the research process.

His expertise and dedication have significantly shaped this work.

A special acknowledgement goes to the participants of this research, who shared their

valuable time and effort as well as their perceptions and experiences, enriching the depth of the

findings. They played a vital role in the success of this research.

To their families and friends, who have continuously supported them and for their

guidance, encouragement and inspiration to them during the demanding phases of the research,

a very special thank you for your parental presence and constant guidance.

The researchers are immensely appreciative of everyone who contributed to this study to

make it a success, as it exemplifies the spirit of teamwork.

C.D.C.N.

[Link].L.

D.M.L.G.

H.G.R.B.

J.G.P.

J.S.G.G.

M.T.G.

iii
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Acknowledgments iii
Table of Contents iv
List of Tables vi
Abstract vii
CHAPTER
I. THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND 1

Background of the Study 1

Conceptual Framework 2
Research Problem and Objectives 2
Research Hypothesis/es 4
Scope and Delimitations 4
Significance of the Study 5
Operational Definitions 5

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES 7

Review of Literature and Studies 7

Street vendors 7
Challenges Faced by Street Vendors 9
Strategies Implemented by Street Vendors 11
Opportunities for Street Vendors 16

III. METHODOLOGY 19

Research Design 19
Population and Sample 19

iv
 Research Instrument 20
Statistical Treatment/s 20

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS, AND 21

INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Mean scores of challenges 21

Mean scores of strategies 22
Mean scores of opportunities 24
Correlation between challenges and strategies 25
Correlation between strategies and opportunities 26
Correlation between challenges and opportunities 27

V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND 29

RECOMMENDATIONS

Summary of Findings 29
Conclusions 30
Recommendations 30

REFERENCES 32

APPENDICES 36

A. Letter of Request to the Assistant School Principal II 36

B. Letter of Request to the Participants 38
C. Informed Consent 40
D. Questionnaire 41

CURRICULUM VITAE 46

v
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE PAGE

1 Table 1. Mean scores of challenges 21

2 Table 2. Mean scores of strategies 23

3 Table 3. Mean scores of opportunities 24

4 Table 4. Correlation between challenges and strategies 25

5 Table 5. Correlation between strategies and opportunities 26

6 Table 6. Correlation between challenges and opportunities 27

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 ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the

challenges, strategies, and opportunities of street vendors in Laoag City. By knowing how

challenges shape strategies and lead to new opportunities, this study could help in building

solutions to help street vendors, thereby improving their lives. Twenty selected street vendors of

Laoag City from thirty respondents, who have been in the business for at least three years,

participated in the study. Using simple random sampling, data were gathered through researcher-

made questionnaire. Correlational analysis was employed to process the numerical data to

identify patterns and provide insights. The findings revealed that street vendors face many

challenges, including money problems, strong competition, and little government support. To

cope with these challenges, vendors use different strategies such as adjusting prices, promoting

their products through social networks, and selling different types of goods. Additionally, many

vendors see opportunities to grow, such as expanding their businesses, keeping loyal customers,

and increasing sales. Those who try new ways to improve their businesses are more likely to find

success. Moreover, the study found a strong connection between challenges and strategies.

Vendors who face bigger problems tend to work harder to find solutions. There is also a positive

connection between strategies and opportunities, meaning that vendors who use good business

methods are more likely to see new chances for growth. Based on these findings, the study

concludes that street vendors in Laoag City deal with different financial and legal difficulties that

affect their business stability. Using good business strategies like marketing, networking, and

selling a variety of products helps them continue their work. Vendors who use smart business

techniques are more likely to find new chances to grow. While challenges can be difficult, they

also encourage vendors to think creatively and find better ways to run their businesses.

Keywords: challenges, opportunities, strategies, street vendors

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 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

Street vending is an essential resource within city economies, especially in developing

countries, supplying a lot of people with affordable goods and services and offering some source

of income for those who cannot find any other form of employment. A lot of this informal economy

of Laoag City is made up of street vendors who help them meet their family and community needs.

Street vending also helps the majority of the people survive and raise their lives by previous

studies. For example, Perez et al. (2019) showed that street vending empowers them, especially

the women, for earning some amount of money to gain some form of social advantage. In addition,

Romero et al. (2024) suggest that street vending helps urban economies in offering products at

low prices to fill a gap in the supply chain.

However, street vendors face different challenges, like a lack of money, limited access to

resources, and no legal protection. These challenges prevent them from expanding their

businesses and enhancing their living standards (Carel et al., 2024). Yet, street vendors are

resilient because they find means to adapt by using social networks, creating flexible business

strategies, and improving their marketing techniques (Romero et al., 2024).

Nonetheless, such research often focuses on specific problems or advantages without

considering the interconnection of problems, strategies, and opportunities. Indeed, street vendors

are being compelled from the streets and harassed, being restricted in lending access. Still, there

lies a mostly unrevealed story on how they sustain the business or recover from various

disturbances (Carel et al., 2024; Boakye, n.d.).

Hence, this study focuses on how the challenges, strategies, and opportunities of street

vendors in Laoag City are correlated. While street vending is often seen as a way to survive, Boakye

(n.d.) pointed out that it can also help people work toward bigger goals.

1
 This study is urgently needed because many risks are faced by the street vendors in terms

of harassment, eviction, and financial instability. Romero et al. (2024) argued that there are

lacking policies and programs that could help the vendors overcome such challenges. Thus, by

knowing how challenges shape strategies and lead to new opportunities, this study could help in

building solutions to help street vendors, thereby improving their lives.

Conceptual Framework

Challenges
faced by street
vendors

Strategies Opportunities
implemented encountered
by street by street
vendors vendors

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework

Research Problem and Objectives

Street vendors play a crucial role in supporting the economy of Laoag City by selling

competitively affordable goods and services while sustaining their livelihoods. There are various

challenges they encounter, like limited access to resources, financial constraints, and legal

restrictions, which generally hamper their business in terms of growth and stability. Nonetheless,

different strategies to cope with the problems include capitalizing on social networks,

2
diversification of products, and enhancement of marketing techniques. Contrary to previous

studies that have only discussed individual aspects of challenges, strategies, and opportunities,

not much research has been undertaken on how these factors interconnect. This study attempts

to determine relations among these variables so that an understanding can be established on how

street vendors navigate and sustain their businesses in Laoag City.

This study aims to determine whether there is a significant correlation between the

challenges, strategies, and opportunities of street vendors in Laoag City. Specifically, it seeks to:

1. Determine the correlation between the challenges they face and the strategies they

implement in terms of managing finances, adapting business practices, marketing and

social network, and support from community.

2. Determine the correlation between the opportunities they encounter in terms of business

expansion, improved sales, and costumer loyalty and the strategies they implement in

terms of managing finances, adapting business practices, marketing and social network,

and support from community.

3. Determine the correlation between the challenges they face and opportunities they

encounter in terms of business expansion, improved sales, and costumer loyalty.

By identifying these correlations, the study provides helpful ideas to support street vendors

in overcoming challenges and taking advantage of opportunities to grow their businesses

sustainably.

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Research Hypothesis/es

Ho1: There is no significant correlation between the challenges faced by street vendors and

the strategies then implement in terms of managing finances, adapting business practices,

marketing and social network, and support from community.

Ho2: There is no significant correlation between the opportunities encountered by street

vendors in terms of business expansion, improved sales, and costumer loyalty and the strategies

they implement in terms of managing finances, adapting business practices, marketing and social

network, and support from community.

Ho3: There is no significant correlation between the challenges faced by street vendors and

the opportunities they encounter in terms of business expansion, improved sales, and costumer

loyalty.

Scope and Delimitation

This quantitative study aims to determine whether there is a significant relationship

between the challenges, strategies, and opportunities of Laoag City street vendors to provide

insights that can be helpful in overcoming difficulties and maximizing opportunities.

This study involved street vendors from Laoag City. Prescribed criteria were identified for

all respondents to ensure they had met the aim of the study. The criteria included: (1) vendors

running a street business of at least three years; (2) based in Laoag City; (3) receiving main income

from street vending. From a population of thirty (30) street vendors that fit the criteria, this

research is limited to a sample of twenty (20) street vendors selected through simple random

sampling.

4
 The street vendors will be surveyed using a researcher-made questionnaire. Furthermore,

correlational analysis will be used to process the numerical data to identify patterns and provide

insights.

Significance of the Study

The result of the study will be of great benefit to the following:

Street Vendors. This study could assist street vendors in realizing how their challenges,

strategies, and opportunities are interrelated. By understanding effective strategies for solving

common business challenges, they can make decisions that will help stabilize and grow their

businesses.

Entrepreneurs. This study could provide information on the informal business sector,

specifically street vending. It identifies successful practices that can be applied to other small-

scale enterprises and gives an insight into possible challenges they might encounter.

Future Researchers. This study could be used as a guide to future studies of street

vending, entrepreneurship, and small business viability. It resolves knowledge gaps in current

literature by analyzing the relationship between challenges, strategies, and opportunities, opening

up areas of future studies that can investigate new solutions and policies for small businesses.

Operational Definitions

To facilitate the understanding of this study, different terms are defined herein.

Challenges. These refer to the problems or obstructions faced by Laoag City street

vendors once they have entered the business world. It could be financial constraints, regulatory

issues, competition, and other external pressures.

Opportunities. These refer to the favorable conditions or chances that Laoag City street

vendors encounter as they conduct their businesses. These specifically, include career growth and

business expansion.

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 Street Vendors. These refer to the people who work in the street, especially in selling

goods or services by using small portable setups such as but not limited to a cart, tent, or a box.

Strategies. These refers to the ways of street vendors on how to overcome challenges

such as, adaptability and business practices.

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 CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter consists of the review of related literature and studies which the researchers

have perused to shed light on the topic under study.

Street Vendors

Street vending refers to the act of selling, offering, or producing goods and services in

public spaces, often without formal business permits and in areas not officially regulated by law.

Economic pressures and the lack of formal employment often drive individuals to engage in street

vending, highlighting its role as a necessity for survival (Lata, Walters, & Roitman, 2019).

Street vendors have become a vital component of informal economies globally, with their

presence expanding significantly in recent years (Darmawan et al., 2022). They serve as adaptable

intermediaries in supply chains (Bhatt & Jariwala, 2018), while the goods and services they

provide ensure affordability and accessibility for the broader population (Mlambo, 2021), from

food to garments to electronics and so on (Dhamodharan, 2019) that fill a public need, especially

those in the lower middle class. Street vending did not arise as a voluntary choice for many

individuals but rather as a necessity driven by high unemployment rates and limited access to

formal jobs (Ni’am et al., 2024). Faced with the urgent need for economic survival, many turned

to vending as a means of earning a livelihood (Solidum, 2023; Mercado, 2018). Today, street

vending has evolved into a significant source of employment for urban populations worldwide

(Forkuor et al., 2017).

In developing Asian nations, including the Philippines, over half of the urban workforce is

employed in the informal economy. Among informal urban employment, street vending is the

most prevalent livelihood activity (Brown & Mackie, 2017). In the Philippines, street vending is

largely prohibited in public spaces. Despite their economic contributions, street vendors are often

7
labeled as an “urban scourge” (Junaidi & Othman, 2021) and are excluded from local development

plans due to unclear legal frameworks surrounding their activities (Solidum, 2023). Instead of

addressing these issues through regulation and legalization, local governments frequently resort

to eviction practices aimed at maintaining urban cleanliness. However, such actions perpetuate a

cycle of poverty by destroying the livelihoods of street vendors (Mlambo, 2021).

In the Philippines, street vending is seen as a solution by most populations undergoing

economic difficulty not only by many Filipinos belonging to the marginalized sector but also by

other individuals all over the world. Street vending is part of the unorganized or informal sector

of the economy. In 2016, the informal sector accounted for more than one-third of the country’s

GDP. The researchers observed that it is a refuge occupation for many who are not capable of

investing in huge businesses. Similar to the major cities in the Philippines and nearby Southeast

Asian countries, street vending is a common sight in Tacloban City (Apa et al., 2019).

Street vendors are far more than a source of convenience; they are vital economic drivers

and micro-entrepreneurs who stimulate local economies, create jobs, and preserve cultural

heritage. Their small-scale businesses foster competition, innovation, and consumer choice,

contributing to vibrant urban life. This sector provides critical self-employment opportunities,

particularly for individuals with limited formal education or skills, supporting millions of families

worldwide. They also play a significant role in tourism by offering authentic local flavors and

unique goods, which attract visitors and boost spending in surrounding businesses. They provide

economic opportunities for marginalized groups such as women, minorities, and people with

disabilities, who often face barriers to formal employment. Additionally, many vendors preserve

cultural traditions by selling handicrafts, traditional foods, and other culturally significant

products. Their contributions extend beyond individual livelihoods. Street vendors stimulate local

economies by sourcing goods from formal businesses and paying taxes or fees that support public

services. They also enhance urban vibrancy and act as custodians of cultural heritage. Despite

8
facing challenges like limited access to credit, legal barriers, and social stigma, their resilience

underscores their importance in fostering inclusive and sustainable urban economies

Challenges Faced by Street Vendors

An overview of street vending in India is given by Priya and Meenachi (2022), identifying

issues such as financial inclusions, social securities, occupational welfare, and working condition

issues. Due to the large population base in India, many have migrated from rural areas into the

urban centers, and street vending then becomes an essential avenue for employment. Most of

these vendors, though important in providing goods at low costs and helping to build the economy

in their own ways, are still unaware of many policies that were meant to mitigate their situation.

As street vendors are classified as an informal economy, they experienced various challenges.

First, they are neither protected by the government, Non-Governmental Organization (NGO),

labour union nor by any labour law. They are deprived by laws made by government in respect of

labour union. Some are not registered which excepts them from the protection of the government.

Second, the street vendors always suffer competition with other street vendors because of

fluctuation in market prices, insecure and irregular employment. Their incomes are often

minimal, and their sales fluctuate. Third, street vendors are usually associated with encroachment

of public spaces, causes traffic congestion, inadequate hygiene, and poor waste disposal. Safety of

food has been increasingly become a concern in regard to street vendors and is frequently linked

to threats to one’s health and safety Jaishankar and Sujatha (2016, as cited in Islam et. al., 2019).

According to a study conducted by Arif (2023), street vendors often face social stigma and

discrimination based on their occupation. They are sometimes perceived as occupying public

spaces, leading to conflicts with urban planners, formal businesses, and residents. Negative

stereotypes and biases can lead to exclusion, marginalization, and limited opportunities for

growth and development. Also, inadequate infrastructure and a lack of basic services pose

significant challenges for street vendors. Limited access to clean water, sanitation facilities,

9
electricity, and waste management systems affects their working conditions and overall well-

being. The absence of designated vending areas or market infrastructure further hampers their

ability to conduct business effectively. Additionally, street vendors face challenges in accessing

formal financial services, making it difficult to expand their businesses or invest in necessary

resources. Lack of credit, limited savings, and a reliance on informal lending sources constrain

their ability to access capital and improve their economic prospects. Lastly, street vendors are

highly vulnerable to economic shocks, such as natural disasters, economic crisis, or the current

COVID-19 pandemic. Their livelihoods heavily rely on daily sales, and disruptions in economic

activity can have severe consequences, pushing them further into poverty and precarity. Unlike

their non-food-related counterparts, street food vendors are highly vulnerable to climate-related

hazards such as drought, typhoons, and flooding Brata (2010, as cited in Hidalgo et. al., 2022).

These climate-related hazards severely affect the agriculture sector and, consequently, those in

the informal food sector that depend on them Jamil (2013, as cited in Hidalgo et. al., 2022). As a

result, street food vendors experience economic displacement, making them at risk of falling into

permanent or transitional poverty.

Solidum (2023) discusses the state and challenges of street vendors that are unable to

secure proper employment in the formal sector due to a lack of skills and/or training. In this study,

101 street vendors with characteristics having more or less 4-6 family members, earning a daily

salary of PHP 500 or less, and/or have been in the business for at least 6 years were surveyed.

Indeed, the results showed that there are no significant differences in the response of the vendors

in respect of the issues of governance, legal, workplace condition, and physical by household size,

daily income, and years of vending. However, significant differences were noted with respect to

the problem on governance, legal, socio economic, and workplace-related by daily income.

Similarly, more household size accounted for more socio-economic problems, and the aging

accounted for more physical issues. The study, therefore, has called on local governments to use

these findings for better planning and policy improvement that can address special needs from

10
street vending. The increasing frequency and severity of climate hazards have already resulted in

disasters, the enormous cost of which impedes achieving sustainable development (IPU 2010;

IPCC 2014, 2022). This is crucial as climate-related disasters are increasingly becoming more of

a local phenomenon (Pal et al. 2021). Historically, typhoons and flooding have disrupted formal

business establishments and the informal business sector (IPCC 2022). While the informal food

sector continues to thrive in many parts of the world, supporting diverse groups of people and

contributing to poverty reduction, it is increasingly undermined by the adverse effects of

typhoons, which have become more frequent and severe. Moreover, it often finds itself neglected

and left out in policymaking Meagher (2013, as cited in Hidalgo et. al., 2022). This reality is

becoming more of local concern, particularly in Naga City. Without vulnerability-reducing

measures, this trend will further marginalize the sector by hindering their desire to achieve

sustainable livelihoods.

Strategies Implemented by Street Vendors

Financial knowledge is acquired through both formal and informal education, and this

understanding aligns with prior research. Ida and Dwinta (2010, as cited in Foenay, 2021) suggest

that financial knowledge serves as a critical factor enabling individuals to manage their finances

effectively. Similarly, Mien and Thao (2015, as cited in Foenay, 2021) demonstrate a significant

correlation between the financial attitudes of street vendors and their financial management

behaviors. Additionally, Damanik and Herdjiono (2016, as cited in Foenay, 2021) highlight the

influence of personality traits on financial management behavior. Thus, street vendors are more

likely to exhibit wiser financial behaviors when they have positive financial attitudes.

Furthermore, street vendors with strong personality traits tend to display better financial

management practices, emphasizing the role of both attitude and character in shaping financial

behavior.

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 Raj (2019) discusses the strategies of street vendors, focusing on how they manage to

succeed despite operating in informal settings with minimal resources. The study highlights that

street vending, an ancient occupation with significant economic and social impact, thrives without

traditional marketing tools like branding or advertisements. Through a case study approach, Raj

explores how street vendors handle competition, attract customers, and develop loyal followings

for their unique services. The paper emphasizes the need for more attention on the business

practices of street vendors, which could contribute valuable insights to management theories and

practices. In the study conducted by Unga (2022) focuses on the marketing strategies of street

food vendors, there is great detail on how such small-scale businesses interact and advertise with

their customers. Investigation of techniques that range from product promotion to customer

persuasion and customer engagement implies substantial insight into the study of practice that

helps street food vendors be online in the competitive market. Perhaps one of the major

contributions that Unga's research offers is its in-depth contribution to discussions around

informal food economies, usually forgotten by most economic studies. It would unravel the

reasons behind the strategies and their impact on business outcomes. This study also captures the

challenges faced by the vendors and successful strategies that have made them thrive by capturing

the views of vendors and patrons. Unga's exploratory research using narrative data and thematic

analysis helps unravel trends that are not easily observable. The study identifies such patterns in

the marketing efforts of vendors that sustain them in detail. The study provides insight not only

for street food vendors but also for everyone concerned with the way an informal economy works

and what marketing strategies might be applied to become successful in such environments.

Hamidu and Munishi (2022) challenge the view of street vendors as passive victims of

evictions and reallocations. The present paper uses the case of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, to

advance ways in which urban street vendors actively use their varied capabilities to respond to

such threats. Informed by a qualitative approach and guided by a multilayered social resilience

framework, this study explores some of the ways in which vendors cope with strategies at

12
individual, household, and community levels that facilitate or inhibit their resilience. The findings

suggest that vendors have indeed developed reactive, not proactive, strategies which have, so far,

been able to cope with evictions based on linked factors from various individual, household, and

community levels. They do this under the constraint of limited financial resources, lack of

government support, a breakup of vendor solidarity, and an inability to conduct business. The

study provides an overview of some other ways that street vendors' problems could be addressed

and also makes recommendations regarding the potential for improving the coping strategies of

the street vendors with regard to eviction threats in Dar es Salaam and other similar cities.

Catacutan et. al. (2023) conducted a study regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on

informal street vendors in Tuguegarao City, Cagayan. The researchers found that the pandemic

had a strongly negative effect on street vending businesses, whereby the vendors faced an

immense fall in sales, increases in the cost of operating, disruptions in their day-to-day

operations, and inconvenience in conducting business. This agrees with the general global trend

about the fates of informal street vendors during the pandemic. The study again trod the resilience

of street vendors through various survival strategies that they used to adapt to the difficult

situation: adapting business approaches, complying strictly with government policies, and

optimism in spite of uncertainties over their situation. These coping mechanisms resonate with

previous studies such as Rosales 2013, Forkuor et al. 2017, and Gama et al. 2018, which proposed

that reliance on kinship and social capital, that is, social networks and trust, served as survival

strategies in the midst of economic hardship. This study also finds its place alongside the works

of Shafi et al. (2020) and Wegerif (2020), which reported that informal vendors worldwide faced

similar challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as reduced sales, demand, and profit. In

turn, the research by Catacutan et al. points out how informal street vendors have continuously

fought their way out in the battles against COVID-19, wherein local government intervention is

needed to help such a sector survive. While coping strategies enabled them to survive, the future

remains dim because of continuous challenges faced in their livelihood during this ongoing crisis.

13
 The study of Dayanti and Harianto (2023) looks into the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic

on street vendors in Surabaya as part of Indonesia where ethnic Madurese has engaged in this

activity. The government restrictions, thereby hitting them hard with income decline, beg for

survival strategies. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach, primarily based on Scott's

(2021) survival mechanism theory, and highlighted the following vital strategies employed by

vendors, among many others, such as reducing employee salaries, controlling expenses and

selecting needs, having parallel jobs, and using social relationships. From these findings, it

became clear how these strategies have enabled vendors to sustain themselves during the

challenges imposed by the pandemic.

Rosramadhana et. al. (2024) conducted a study in order to centre it on elderly female

street food vendors of Kisaran Timur District. This is a descriptive qualitative research design that

studied how these female street vendors negotiated their lives as street vendors. Through

observations, interviews, and documentation, the researchers investigated how elderly women

fought for their livelihoods in support of their families and daily needs. Among their strategies, it

includes establishing good relationships with regular customers, who usually build brotherhood

and loyalty. These elderly vendors command both sympathy and respect from the community due

to their relentless labor and prolonged suffering. The study points out that these women work not

only for economic survival but also as part of their lifelong habit of hard work and family

dedication.

The study conducted by Madinga et. al. (2022) deals with the impact of marketing

strategies that involve the 4Ps: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion on the sales performance of

Talipapa vendors in Kingking, Pantukan, Compostela Valley Province. The quantitative non-

experimental design was used in determining the marketing strategies and sales performance

through the instrument of a modified questionnaire. The findings reveal that the marketing

strategies of Talipapa vendors are well-practiced, and the sales performance is rated as very

satisfactory. What is most noteworthy is that from the marketing strategies, the "Place"

14
component had the most significant influence on sales performance. The researchers recommend

that an increase in the use of social media, product innovation, and promotion through giving

discounts and free samples will even lead to better store performance. Future studies are invited

on other factors that could equally affect sales performance. Matumbas-Corpuz and Bool (2021)

explored the strategies of street vendors in Laoag City, focusing on the sustainability factors of

Barangay Micro Business Enterprises (BMBEs). Using both primary and secondary data, they

found that BMBEs, particularly in the hotel and food service sectors, thrive due to valuable

resources such as local market knowledge, customer loyalty, and efficient financial practices.

These factors, alongside a strong social media presence, give them a sustainable competitive

advantage, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, certain resources, like differentiated

products, offer only temporary advantages, while easily imitated strategies, such as affordable

pricing, provide competitive parity. To achieve long-term sustainability, BMBEs should focus on

making all their resources valuable, rare, inimitable, and organized. Menes et al. (2019)

investigated the strategies of street food vendors in Bacolod City, Philippines, using narrative

inquiry. The study uncovered several themes, including the challenges vendors face, their

marketing strategies, and their production and operations. Key findings highlighted that vendors

manage to thrive despite difficulties related to food safety, sanitation, and local regulations. Their

success is attributed to effective marketing practices, unique selling points, and adaptability in

operations. Understanding these strategies can help improve support and policies for vendors,

enhancing their economic conditions and integrating them more effectively into the local

economy.

In today's world, marketing and social networks play a vital role in building trust and

reaching consumers effectively. Promoting products as safe is a key part of marketing efforts.

Proper training in food hygiene and applying safe food handling practices are essential to gaining

consumer trust and preventing avoidance. This is particularly important for street vendors, who

often face a negative image from potential consumers. The need for this is even more critical as

15
street vendors, many from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds, serve the public

despite being more exposed to risks. Demonstrating that they follow strict food safety measures

and handle products responsibly is vital (Mahanta et al., 2011). Effective marketing strategies help

boost consumer interest. Adding aspects of local culture to advertising can create strong and

memorable campaigns. Researchers also stress the importance of understanding what drives

customers' choices when it comes to products or services. This understanding plays a big role in

making ads more effective, although it still needs to be tested practically (Usman, 2013). Social

networks play a key role in spreading these campaigns, amplifying their reach and impact.

Opportunities for Street Vendors

According to Hanandini and Pramono (2022), recently, the Municipal Government of

Padang in Indonesia changed its policy with respect to street vendors and began to position street

vendors as part of an urban economic system which was supposed to be organized and

empowered. While most street vendors have not been able to realize policy gains, they do realize

opportunities for gaining from such a policy's implementation. Following Steiler and Nyirenda

(2021), whereas there exist national strategies geared toward poverty reduction in Tanzania, it

lacks an integrated method through which livelihood sustainability in its informal economy-

sectors, which include street vending, is pursued. It has been examined how recent policy changes

have affected livelihood sustainability amongst street food vendors. In particular, this research

identifies two key areas of improvement in research and policy: Firstly, for any policy to be

inclusive and sustainable, it has to take into account the significant diversity among street vendors

in employment, gender, age, capital, and assets. Secondly, current policies and the issuance of

identification cards create avenues for new ways of organization and mobilization of their rights,

the needs have to be legally recognized for equity in revenue collection and effective

representation in decision-making at various levels of government.

Streetnet International (2024) recognizes street vendors as essential parts of local

communities as they provide a sense of community involvement and unity by making goods

16
available to the locals at an affordable price. Their presence frequently turns quiet neighborhood

gathering places into lively centers where people gather to build relationships and develop a sense

of camaraderie. In this way, it provides them a chance to not only support their families but also

give individuals from their areas a job employment opportunity. They may hire family members

or neighbors, thereby contributing to local employment and livelihoods. Moreover, street vendors

typically buy their goods locally, helping other local producers and businesses. They contribute to

the vitality and resilience of the local economy by keeping money flowing within it. In times of

crisis or economic downturns, street vendors often act as informal safeguards of the

underprivileged members of the communities.

According to The Borgen Project, the informal economy comprised 50% to 80% of newly

created jobs in India. The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation reported an

estimated 10 million street vendors in the country. Furthermore, Statistics South Africa recorded

that more than 3 million people were employed in the country’s informal economy. Meanwhile,

[Link] reported that an estimated 8,000 informal traders serve the people who frequent

Warwick Junction, a popular transportation and trading hub in Durban, South Africa. Moreover,

Poonsap Suanmuang of the Foundation for Labor and Employment Promotion said there are an

estimated 300,000 street vendors working in Bangkok, Thailand. These statistics exemplify the

prominent role of street vendors in the economies and communities of nations across the globe.

According to Lauengco (2024), the significance of street vendors in the informal economy

in the Philippines cannot be overstated. Aside from themselves, street vendors have the potential

to generate more work for porters, transportation operators, warehouse providers, and other

associated services. The issuance of licenses, permits, fees, and fines can also generate revenue

for the government. Additionally, street sellers may be able to contribute roughly 25% of our

nation's GDP. Like sari-sari stores, they can offer necessary goods and services to people who have

to pay affordable prices for very limited quantities of essentials. As a result, a capable and

empowered street vendor sector can contribute to good governance by serving as information

17
hubs and passageways for local governments and their projects. They may even serve as a strategic

instrument for the delivery of essential services and traffic enforcement. Given their ability to

build networks throughout any community, street vendors can act as leaders and platforms for a

candidate's message delivery in the political sphere.

Additionally, the Provincial Government of Ilocos Norte (PGIN) launched a food park

named La Tabacalera Food Park that brought both 'opportunity and optimism' to micro-

entrepreneurs. It aims to uplift the livelihood of Ilokano entrepreneurs, including street vendors,

eventually bringing normalcy to the food industry and the economic sector as a part of its

aggressive implementation of economic recovery measures. According to Rasco (2021), PGIN is

trying to help not only the entrepreneurs but the people of the province to get back on their feet

－to provide positivity despite the pandemic that is happening (Provincial Government of Ilocos

Norte, 2021).

18
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study employed correlational quantitative research design to determine the

relationships between challenges, strategies, and opportunities of street vendors in Laoag City in

the Business World. According to Bhandari (2021), correlational research is a non-experimental

form of research that examines the correlation between variables, which is applicable in

examining patterns in business settings. In this study, it aims to correlate the challenges they face

and the strategies they implement in terms of managing finances, adapting business practices,

marketing and social network, and support from community, the opportunities they encounter in

terms of business expansion, improved sales, and customer loyalty and the strategies they

implement in terms of managing finances, adapting business practices, marketing and social

network, and support from community, and the challenges they face and opportunities they

encounter in terms of business expansion, improved sales, and customer loyalty.

Through the use of a correlational design, the present study will investigate the strength

and nature of these relationships to gain further understanding of the determinants of street

vending success and sustainability in Laoag City.

Population and Sample

The research will involve 20 street vendors from Laoag City, randomly chosen from a list

of 30 potential participants. To guarantee a representative sample, simple random sampling will

be used. This technique provides each of the 30 potential subjects an equal opportunity to be

chosen, minimizing bias and maximizing the generalizability of the results. The participants will

be selected based on the following criteria: (1) vendors running a street business of at least three

years; (2) based in Laoag City; (3) receiving main income from street vending. These criteria

19
ensure that every respondent has enough knowledge and awareness of the challenges, strategies,

and opportunities related to street vending.

Research Instrument

The study will utilize a researcher-made survey questionnaire as the primary instrument

for data collection.

Statistical Treatment/s

This study correlated the gathered data acquired in challenges, strategies, and

opportunities of Laoag City street vendors. The significant correlation between street vendors’

opportunities, tactics’, and problems was determined using the Pearson’s r. in order to better

understand the factors that influence the success and sustainability of street vendors in Laoag

City, this statistical tool was selected to determine correlations and present a study that examined

the nature and strength of these relationships.

20
 CHAPTER IV

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the statistical analysis of survey responses collected from street

vendors in Laoag City. The data are interpreted to understand the relationships between the

challenges, strategies, and opportunities faced by these vendors.

Challenges Faced by Street Vendors

Table 1. Mean scores of challenges.

Challenges Faced by Street Vendors N Mean SD

I often experience financial difficulties in managing my 20 3.60 1.23

business.

I struggle to adapt my business practices to meet market 20 3.55 1.15

demands.

Marketing my products effectively is a major challenge. 20 3.55 1.36

I receive limited support from the local community. 20 3.80 1.58

I find it difficult to build and maintain a strong social 20 2.85 1.53

network.

Table 1 presents the challenges faced by street vendors in Laoag City. The highest mean

score (3.80) indicates that vendors feel they receive limited support from the local community.

This suggests that many vendors struggle to find assistance or resources that could help their

businesses grow. Financial difficulties also rank high, with a mean of 3.60, showing that managing

money is a major issue. Similarly, difficulties in adapting to market demands (3.55) and marketing

products (3.55) are also common problems, meaning vendors find it hard to change their business

strategies to attract customers. The lowest mean score (2.85) indicates that building social

networks is less of a concern, but some still struggle with it.

21
 The findings align with studies by Priya and Meenachi (2022), who found that street

vendors often lack financial stability, making it difficult to expand their businesses. Arif (2023)

also emphasized that street vendors face social challenges, including negative perceptions from

the public, which limits their support from the community. The results show that financial and

marketing difficulties are common struggles, preventing vendors from fully reaching their

potential.

The results suggest that financial management and business adaptability are key concerns

for vendors. Without proper support and resources, vendors may find it difficult to grow their

businesses and compete in the market. Strengthening community support and providing financial

education could help vendors overcome these difficulties and improve their businesses.

Strategies Implemented by Street Vendors

Table 2. Mean scores of strategies

Strategies Implemented by Street Vendors N Mean SD

I manage my finances by keeping a detailed record of my 20 3.90 1.553

income and expenses.

I adapt my business practices by offering new or 20 3.80 1.508

improved products.

I use creative marketing strategies to attract more 20 4.25 1.118

customers.

I actively engage with other vendors and community 20 4.30 0.923

members to expand my network.

22
 Strategies Implemented by Street Vendors N Mean SD

I seek advice and support from experienced business 20 4.05 1.395

owners.

Table 2 presents the strategies implemented by street vendors to manage their businesses.

The highest mean score (4.30) shows that vendors actively engage with others in the community,

suggesting that networking is an important strategy for them. Another effective strategy is using

creative marketing techniques (4.25), which helps attract more customers. Keeping track of

finances (3.90) and offering new products (3.80) are also common approaches, showing that

vendors try to improve their business practices to stay competitive. Seeking advice from

experienced business owners (4.05) is also a common practice, indicating that learning from

others is helpful.

The findings align with research by Raj (2019), who noted that street vendors rely on

networking and creative marketing to succeed. Additionally, the study by Hamidu and Munishi

(2022) found that vendors develop strategies to cope with challenges, such as adjusting their

products and learning from others. This highlights the importance of adaptability in maintaining

business stability.

The results suggest that street vendors rely on various strategies to sustain and improve

their businesses. Engaging with the community, marketing creatively, and seeking advice from

experienced individuals are key methods used to overcome challenges. Providing training

programs on marketing and financial management could further strengthen their businesses.

23
Opportunities Encountered by Street Vendors

Table 3. Mean scores of opportunities

Opportunities Encountered by Street Vendors N Mean SD

I see opportunities for expanding my business in the 20 3.75 1.482

future.

My sales have the potential to improve with better 20 4.50 1.000

strategies.

I am gaining a growing number of loyal customers. 20 4.20 0.894

There is a demand for new and innovative products in 20 4.05 1.356

my market.

I have opportunities to collaborate with other vendors 20 3.60 1.603

or businesses.

Table 3 presents the opportunities encountered by street vendors. The highest mean score

(4.50) indicates that vendors believe their sales can improve with better strategies. This suggests

that with proper planning and execution, vendors see potential for growth. Gaining loyal

customers (4.20) and recognizing the demand for new products (4.05) are also significant

opportunities. Vendors also see possibilities for business expansion (3.75) and collaboration with

others (3.60), indicating that growth and partnerships are viable options.

The findings support the study by Hanandini and Pramono (2022), which found that

policy changes and community support can create new opportunities for street vendors. Lauengco

(2024) also noted that street vendors play a crucial role in local economies, and by adopting new

24
strategies, they can improve their businesses. The presence of loyal customers and increasing

market demand suggest that vendors have a solid foundation for business growth.

The results suggest that street vendors are optimistic about their potential for success. By

using effective strategies, they can expand their businesses and improve their sales. Encouraging

collaboration among vendors and providing business development programs could help them

make the most of these opportunities.

Relationship between Challenges and Strategies of Street Vendors

Table 4. Correlation between challenges and strategies.

CHALLENGES STRATEGIES

CHALLENGES Pearson's r —
df —
p-value —
N —

STRATEGIES Pearson's r 0.636 —

df 18 —
p-value 0.003 —
N 20 —

Table 4 presents the relationship between challenges and strategies employed by street

vendors. A strong positive correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.636, p-value = 0.003) suggests that

vendors facing greater difficulties are more likely to develop strategic approaches to sustain their

businesses. This means that as challenges increase, vendors tend to become more resourceful and

adaptive in order to keep their businesses running.

The findings indicate that vendors use various strategies such as flexible pricing,

expanding product variety, and social networking to cope with difficulties. These strategies help

25
vendors manage financial constraints and attract more customers. According to Lata et al. (2019),

street vendors often employ innovative business methods to overcome market challenges,

highlighting the importance of adaptability in informal businesses.

The results suggest that while challenges can make business operations difficult, they also

push vendors to think creatively and improve their strategies. By finding ways to adapt, such as

through marketing techniques and customer engagement, vendors can turn obstacles into

opportunities for business growth.

Relationship between Strategies and Opportunities of Street Vendors

Table 5. Correlation between strategies and opportunities.

STRATEGIES OPPORTUNITIES

STRATEGIES Pearson's r —
df —
p-value —
N —

OPPORTUNITIES Pearson's r 0.617 —

df 18 —
p-value 0.004 —
N 20 —

Table 5 presents the relationship between strategies and opportunities for street vendors.

A moderate positive correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.617, p-value = 0.004) indicates that vendors who

effectively implement business strategies are more likely to discover and maximize opportunities.

This suggests that having strong business strategies plays a key role in creating and identifying

new business prospects.

26
 The findings imply that vendors who engage in customer interaction, adapt to trends, and

apply creative marketing strategies are more likely to experience business growth. These

strategies not only help vendors attract more customers but also allow them to expand their

market reach. Research by Hanandini and Pramono (2022) emphasizes that vendors who actively

implement strategic methods are more capable of identifying and seizing new opportunities in the

marketplace.

The results suggest that vendors who invest time and effort into business strategies, such

as product diversification and networking, tend to create more opportunities for themselves. By

continuously improving their strategies, vendors can increase their chances of business success

and sustainability.

Relationship between Challenges and Opportunities of Street Vendors

Table 6. Correlation between challenges and opportunities.

CHALLENGES OPPORTUNITIES

CHALLENGES Pearson's r —
df —
p-value —
N —

OPPORTUNITIES Pearson's r 0.576 —

df 18 —
p-value 0.008 —
N 20 —

Table 6 presents the relationship between challenges and opportunities encountered by

street vendors. A moderate positive correlation (Pearson’s r = 0.576, p-value = 0.008) suggests

that while challenges make business operations difficult, they also create opportunities for

27
growth. Vendors who adapt strategically are more likely to expand their market reach and

improve financial stability.

The findings confirm that challenges do not always hinder business growth but can instead

encourage vendors to explore new ways to improve their businesses. According to research by

Lata et al. (2019), vendors who navigate their challenges with strategic planning often find ways

to expand their reach and strengthen their business. This shows that adaptability plays a key role

in overcoming business hardships.

The results suggest that vendors who face difficulties and respond with strategic solutions

can unlock new opportunities. By turning obstacles into learning experiences, vendors can

develop innovative ways to sustain and expand their businesses, ultimately contributing to their

long-term success.

The study shows that street vendors in Laoag City face different challenges, such as money

problems, competition, and rules from the government. Even with these difficulties, they use

different ways to keep their businesses running, like changing prices, talking to customers, and

selling different products. The results show that vendors who use smart strategies have a better

chance of growing their businesses. There is also a strong connection between strategies and

opportunities, meaning those who find ways to adjust and improve are more likely to succeed.

While challenges can make business hard, they also push vendors to think of new ideas and ways

to earn more. Overall, street vendors show great strength and the ability to adapt. To help them

more, the government should give support through loans, training, and fair rules to help their

businesses grow.

28
 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents a summary of the study, the conclusions drawn from the findings,

and recommendations necessary for further related studies.

Summary of Findings

The findings of this study confirm that there is a significant correlation between the

challenges faced by street vendors and the strategies they implement (Pearson’s r = 0.636, p-value

= 0.003). This indicates that as challenges increase, vendors tend to develop more adaptive

strategies to sustain their businesses.

Additionally, there is a significant correlation between strategies and opportunities

(Pearson’s r = 0.617, p-value = 0.004), suggesting that vendors who implement effective strategies

are more likely to maximize potential business growth. Moreover, a significant correlation exists

between challenges and opportunities (Pearson’s r = 0.576, p-value = 0.008), meaning that while

challenges pose difficulties, they also encourage vendors to develop innovative solutions and

explore new possibilities.

These results support the hypothesis that street vendors who strategically address their

challenges are more likely to create and seize business opportunities. The findings indicate that

adaptability and resilience play crucial roles in ensuring business continuity and expansion.

29
Conclusions

The study concludes that there is a significant correlation between challenges, strategies,

and opportunities among street vendors in Laoag City. The results demonstrate that vendors who

encounter greater difficulties are more likely to develop adaptive strategies, such as improving

marketing techniques, networking, and diversifying their products. These strategies help them

manage financial limitations, address competition, and navigate regulatory constraints.

Consequently, the ability to implement effective business strategies significantly influences the

likelihood of discovering and maximizing business opportunities.

Furthermore, the findings confirm that while challenges present barriers to business

success, they also serve as catalysts for innovation and growth. Vendors who actively respond to

difficulties by refining their business approaches are better positioned to achieve long-term

stability and expansion. The strong relationships between challenges, strategies, and

opportunities emphasize the importance of resilience and strategic planning in sustaining a street

vending business.

Overall, this study establishes that street vendors who effectively manage their challenges

through well-planned strategies are more likely to create and seize opportunities for growth. The

significant correlations among these variables highlight the interconnected nature of street

vending dynamics, reinforcing the necessity of adaptability in an unpredictable business

environment.

Recommendations

To further support street vendors in Laoag City, the following recommendations are proposed:

For Street Vendors. Improve business adaptability by continuously developing

marketing and customer engagement strategies. Explore partnerships and networking

opportunities to enhance product visibility and increase customer reach. Seek financial

30
literacy training to better manage business funds and sustain operations during economic

downturns.

For Local Government and Policymakers. Provide financial support

programs such as microloans or grants to assist vendors in overcoming capital constraints.

Establish fair regulations that protect the rights of street vendors while maintaining order

in public spaces. Implement business training programs to help vendors develop effective

strategies for sustaining and expanding their businesses.

For Future Researchers: Conduct further studies on additional factors

affecting street vending businesses, such as customer behavior, technological integration,

and policy impacts. Explore case studies in other cities to compare findings and develop

broader solutions for the challenges faced by street vendors.

31
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35
 APPENDIX A

LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE ASSISTANT SCHOOL PRINCIPAL II

March __, 2025

VRENIE JOY C. PEDRO

Assistant School Principal II
Ilocos Norte National High School
Senior High Department

Dear Ma’am Pedro,

We, the undersigned Grade 12 ABM - Zara, are writing to formally request permission to
conduct interviews with selected participants for the fulfillment of Practical Research 1. The
interviews will be conducted as part of our research entitled, "EXPLORING THE
CHALLENGES, STRATEGIES, AND OPPORTUNITITES OF LAOAG CITY STREET
VENDORS”.

The purpose of this research is to describe the perceptions of Laoag City street vendors in the
business environment. We believe that conducting interviews with twenty (20) street vendors who
have been working within the business world for at least three (3) to five (5) years will provide
valuable insights necessary for the successful completion of our study.

In line with this, we would like to request your approval to conduct interviews at a time most
convenient for the participants. Rest assured, we will strictly adhere to the ethical guidelines
regarding informed consent, confidentiality, and the voluntary nature of participation. The
interview process will be non-disruptive and designed to minimize any inconvenience to both
the participants and the school.

Should you require any further details regarding the study, we would be happy to provide them
at your convenience.

We sincerely hope for your positive consideration of this request. Your support in facilitating
this research will be greatly appreciated.

Thank you very much for your time and assistance.

Sincerely,

JUNIEDEL G. PINEDA DESSA MAE L. GAMIAO

HSIAOEN GWAYNETH R. MARVIN T. GAOIRAN

36
BARACAO

JENA SHANE G. GUNGAB MARC CLARKSON MARTIN

CARL DEINIELL C. NAGTALON FHIONNA RHEIN D. SALVATIERRA

Grade 12 ABM researchers

Noted by:

BRENT JETHRO P. EDER

Practical Research 2 Adviser

Approved by:

VRENIE JOY C. PEDRO

Assistant School Principal II

37
 APPENDIX B

LETTER OF REQUEST TO THE PARTICIPANTS

March 9, 2025

PARTICIPANT'S NAME
Participant's Address

Dear street vendor,

We, the undersigned Grade 12 ABM students, are writing to invite you to participate in a
research study entitled "Your title here," which is part of our Practical Research 1 subject.

The purpose of this research is to determine whether there is a significant correlation between
the challenges, strategies, and opportunities of street vendors in Laoag City. Your answer would
greatly contribute to the depth of our understanding of this research subject.

Participation Details
If you agree to participate, you will be asked to take part in an interview that will last
approximately less than an hour. The interview will be conducted at a time and location that is
convenient for you. During this time, you will be asked a series of open-ended questions related
to the research topic.

Confidentiality and Voluntary Participation

Your participation is entirely voluntary. You have the right to withdraw from the study at any
time without any consequences. Additionally, your responses will be kept confidential, and any
identifying information will be replaced with pseudonyms to ensure your anonymity.

Informed Consent
Before the interview, we will provide you with an informed consent form detailing your rights as
a participant, the nature of the study, and the potential risks and benefits.

Should you have any questions or concerns regarding your participation, please do not hesitate
to contact Juniedel Pineda at 09916559307. Your willingness to share your experiences will be
invaluable to this study, and we would be grateful for your consideration.

Thank you for considering this opportunity to contribute to our understanding of research
study.

Sincerely,

38
JUNIEDEL G. PINEDA DESSA MAE L. GAMIAO

HSIAOEN GWAYNETH R. MARVIN T. GAOIRAN

BARACAO

JENA SHANE G. GUNGAB MARC CLARKSON MARTIN

CARL DEINIELL C. NAGTALON FHIONNA RHEIN D. SALVATIERRA

Grade 12 ABM researchers

Noted by:

BRENT JETHRO P. EDER

Practical Research 2 Adviser

Approved by:

VRENIE JOY C. PEDRO

Assistant School Principal II

39
 APPENDIX C
INFORMED CONSENT

INFORMED CONSENT FORM

Title of Study: EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES, STRATEGIES, AND

OPPORTUNITIES OF STREET VENDORS IN LAOAG CITY
Researchers: Pineda, Juniedel G., Gamiao, Dessa Mae L., Baracao, Hsiaoen
Gwayneth R., Gaoiran, Marvin T., Gungab, Jena Shane G., Martin, Marc Clarkson,
Nagtalon, Carl Deiniell C., Salvatierra, Fhionna Rhein D.
Grade Level: 12 ABM – Zara
School: Ilocos Norte National High School
Date: MM/DD/YY

Dear Participant,

You are invited to participate in a research study titled EXPLORING THE CHALLENGES,
STRATEGIES, AND OPPORTUNITIES OF STREET VENDORS IN LAOAG CITY. This
document is to provide you with information regarding the study and to ensure you understand
your rights as a participant.

Purpose of the Study

The purpose of this study is to describe the perceptions of Laoag City street vendors in the
environment.

Voluntary Participation
Your participation in this study is entirely voluntary. You have the right to decline to participate,
or if you agree to participate, you may withdraw at any time without penalty or consequence.
Should you choose to withdraw, any data or information you provided will be destroyed and not
used in the analysis.

Informed Consent
By signing this form, you indicate that you fully understand the nature of the study, your role as
a participant, and the conditions under which your information will be used. You may ask any
questions before, during, or after the study to clarify any aspect of your participation.

Anonymity and Confidentiality

To protect your privacy, pseudonyms will be used in place of your real name, and no identifying
information will be included. All data collected from you will be stored securely and will only be
accessible to the researchers. Your responses will remain confidential, and the information
shared will be used solely for the purposes of this research.

40
Potential for Harm
There are no foreseeable risks associated with participating in this study. However, if at any
point you feel uncomfortable, you are free to stop participating. Your well-being is a priority,
and no harm is anticipated from the interview process.

Results Communication
The findings of this study will be used for academic purposes.

Contact Information
If you have any questions or concerns regarding this study, you may contact Juniedel Pineda at
09916559307.

By signing below, you are giving your informed consent to participate in this research study
under the terms outlined above.

Participant’s Name: ___________________________________

Participant’s Signature: ________________________________

Date: _______________________________________________

41
 APPENDIX D

QUESTIONNAIRE

Section 1: Demographic Information

(For classification purposes only)
1. Name (Nagan): ________________________________________
2. How many years have you been a street vendor? (Mano tawen mo a kas street) vendor?)
o Less than 3 years (Nababbaba ngem 3 nga tawen)
o 3–5 years (3–5 a tawen)
o 6–10 years (6–10 a tawen)
o More than 10 years (Aglabes 10 a tawen)
3. What types of products do you sell? (Ania dagiti klase ti prudokto nga ilaklakom?)
o Food and beverages (Taraon ken inumen)
o Clothes and accessories (Kawes ken aksesorya)
o Household items (Dagiti alikamen iti pagtaengan)
o Others (Dadduma pay) ______________

Instructions: Please answer the following questions by selecting the option that best
represents your experience. Use the scale below:

5 - Strongly Agree 4 – Agree 3 – Neutral 2 – Disagree 1 - Strongly Disagree

Section 2: Challenges
5 4 3 2 1

1) I often experience financial difficulties in

managing my business.
0

(Masansan a mapasaranko dagiti pinansial a

parikut iti panangtarawidwidko iti Negosyok.)

2) I struggle to adapt my business practices to meet

market demands.
0
(Ikagkagumaak nga ibagay dagiti aramidko iti

42
 negosio tapno mapennek dagiti kalikaguman ti
merkado.)

3) Marketing my products effectively is a major

challenge.
0

(Ti mesa nga kangrunaan a karit kaniak ket ti

epektibo a panangallukoy kadagiti gumatang iti
produkto’k.)

4) I find it difficult to build and maintain a strong

social network.
0

(Marigatanak a mangbuo ken mangmentenar iti

napigsa a pannakilangen kadagiti sabsabali.)

5) I receive limited support from the local

community.
0

(Limitado ti maawatko a suporta manipud iti

lokal a komunidad.)

Section 3: Strategies
5 4 3 2 1

1) I manage my finances by keeping a detailed

record of my income and expenses.
0

(Imaneharko ti pinansialko babaen ti

panangidulinko iti detalyado a rekord ti
matgedan ken gastosko.)

2) I adapt my business practices by offering new or

improved products.
0

43
 (Ibagayko dagiti aramidko iti negosio babaen
ti panangitukonko kadagiti baro wenno
napasayaat a produkto.)

3) I use creative marketing strategies to attract

more customers.
0

(Usarek dagiti estratehiya ti panaglako tapno

maallukoy ti ad-adu a kustomer.)

4) I actively engage with other vendors and

community members to expand my network.
0

(Aktibo a makilanglangenak kadagiti

dadduma nga aglaklako ken kameng ti
komunidad tapno mapalawa ti relasionko.)

5) I seek advice and support from experienced

business owners.
0

(Agsapsapulak iti balakad ken suporta

manipud kadagiti aduan kapadasan a
makinkukua iti negosio.)

Section 4: Opportunities
5 4 3 2 1

1) I see opportunities for expanding my business in

the future.
0

(Makitkitak ti gundaway para iti panangpalawa

ti negosyo’k iti masakbayan.)

2) My sales have the potential to improve with better

strategies.
0
44
 (Adda potensial ti panaglakok a sumayaat
babaen kadagiti nasaysayaat nga estratehia.)

3) I am gaining a growing number of loyal

customers.
0

(Umad-adu ti natalek nga kustomer ko).

4) There is a demand for new and innovative

products in my market.
0

(Adda ti kasapulan para kadagiti baro ken

makabaro a produkto iti merkadok.)

5) I have opportunities to collaborate with other

vendors or businesses.
))

0
(Adda gundawayko wenno chansa a
makitinnulong kadagiti dadduma nga aglaklako
wenno negosyo.)

45
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Contact Information

Name : Juniedel G. Pineda

School Affiliation : Ilocos Norte National High School
Institutional Address : Brgy. 4, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue Laoag City,
Ilocos Norte
Home Address : Brgy. 18 Abkir Vintar, Ilocos Norte
Email Address : juniepineda4@[Link]
Contact Number : 0991 655 9307

Educational Background

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Batch 2025

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Science, Technology and Engineering (STE)
With Honors
Batch 2023

Elementary Level : Abkir Elementary School

With High Honors
Batch 2019

Research Experience(s) : JUTE LEAVES (Corchorus olitorius) AS AN

ADDITIVE INGREDIENT IN MAKING POLVORON
Ilocos Norte National High School
2022 - 2023

Perceptions of Laoag City Street Vendors in the Business

Environment
Ilocos Norte National High School
2024

Trainings, Seminars, Conferences, and Workshops Attended

46
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Contact Information

Name : Dessa Mae L. Gamiao

School Affiliation : Ilocos Norte National High School
Institutional Address : Brgy. 4, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue Laoag City,
Ilocos Norte
Home Address : Brgy. 9 Lubnac, Vintar, Ilocos Norte
Email Address : dessamaegamiao@[Link]
Contact Number : 0991 700 2831

Educational Background

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Batch 2025

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
With Honors
Batch 2023

Elementary Level : Lubnac Elementary School

With High Honors
Batch 2019

Research Experience(s) : The Role of Technology in Effective Learning

Ilocos Norte National High School
2022 - 2023

Perceptions of Laoag City Street Vendors in the Business

Environment
Ilocos Norte National High School
2024

Trainings, Seminars, Conferences, and Workshops Attended

47
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Contact Information

Name : Hsiaoen Gwayneth R. Baracao

School Affiliation : Ilocos Norte National High School
Institutional Address : Brgy. 4, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue Laoag City,
Ilocos Norte
Home Address : Brgy. 27 La Solidaridad Street, Laoag City
Email Address : Hsiaoengwaynethbaracao@[Link]
Contact Number : 0946 064 7887

Educational Background

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Batch 2025

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
Batch 2023

Elementary Level : Plaridel Elementary School

Batch 2019

Research Experience(s) : Perceptions of Laoag City Street Vendors in the Business

Environment
Ilocos Norte National High School
2024

Trainings, Seminars, Conferences, and Workshops Attended

48
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Contact Information

Name : Marvin T. Gaoiran

School Affiliation : Ilocos Norte National High School
Institutional Address : Brgy. 4, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue Laoag City,
Ilocos Norte
Home Address : Brgy. 31 Talingaan Laoag City, Ilocos Norte
Email Address : tapugaoivin21@[Link]
Contact Number : 0956 456 5334

Educational Background

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Batch 2025

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
With Honors
Batch 2023

Elementary Level : Suyo Elementary School

Batch 2019

Research Experience(s) : Perceptions of Laoag City Street Vendors in the Business

Environment
Ilocos Norte National High School
2024

Trainings, Seminars, Conferences, and Workshops Attended

49
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Contact Information

Name : Jena Shane Gungab

School Affiliation : Ilocos Norte National High School
Institutional Address : Brgy. 4, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue Laoag City,
Ilocos Norte
Home Address : Brgy. 55-C Vira, Laoag City
Email Address : meryjingungab@[Link]
Contact Number : 0939 799 2501

Educational Background

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Batch 2025

Junior High School : Bingao National High School

Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
With Honors
2018 – 2021

Ilocos Norte National High School

Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
2022 - 2023

Elementary Level : Bugnay Elementary School

With Honors
Batch 2019

Research Experience(s) : Perceptions of Laoag City Street Vendors in the Business

Environment
Ilocos Norte National High School
2024

Trainings, Seminars, Conferences, and Workshops Attended

50
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Contact Information

Name : Camille Rose E. Lumabao

School Affiliation : Ilocos Norte National High School
Institutional Address : Brgy. 4, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue Laoag City,
Ilocos Norte
Home Address : Brgy. 55-B Salet-Bulangon, Laoag City
Email Address : camillelumabao8@[Link]
Contact Number : 09272679608

Educational Background

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Batch 2025

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
With Honors

Elementary Level : Elementary School

With Honors
Batch 2019

Research Experience(s) : Click the Yellow Basket: Challenges of Tiktok Affiliates in

Product Marketing
Ilocos Norte National High School
2024

Trainings, Seminars, Conferences, and Workshops Attended

51
 CURRICULUM VITAE

Contact Information

Name : Carl Deiniell C. Nagtalon

School Affiliation : Ilocos Norte National High School
Institutional Address : Brgy. 4, Gov. Roque B. Ablan Avenue Laoag City,
Ilocos Norte
Home Address : Brgy 9 Lubnac Vintar Ilocos Norte
Email Address : nagtaloncarldeiniell@[Link]
Contact Number : 0994 044 1095

Educational Background

Senior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Accountancy, Business and Management (ABM)
Batch 2025

Junior High School : Ilocos Norte National High School

Basic Education Curriculum (BEC)
Batch 2023

Elementary Level : Lubnac Elementary School

Batch 2019

Research Experience(s) : Perceptions of Laoag City Street Vendors in the Business

Environment
Ilocos Norte National High School
2024

Trainings, Seminars, Conferences, and Workshops Attended

52