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AC Power Analysis and Calculations

The document discusses AC power analysis, covering concepts such as instantaneous power, average power, effective values, apparent power, and power factor. It explains the relationships between voltage and current in both time-domain and phasor-domain, along with calculations for real and reactive power. Example problems illustrate the application of these concepts in determining power factors and average power in circuits.

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i.am.mushfiqur.raiyan
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2 views19 pages

AC Power Analysis and Calculations

The document discusses AC power analysis, covering concepts such as instantaneous power, average power, effective values, apparent power, and power factor. It explains the relationships between voltage and current in both time-domain and phasor-domain, along with calculations for real and reactive power. Example problems illustrate the application of these concepts in determining power factors and average power in circuits.

Uploaded by

i.am.mushfiqur.raiyan
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

AC Power Analysis

Instantaneous Power

Instantaneous power is the power at any instant of time. Unit : Watts


Instantaneous Power

Part-1 : time independent Part-2 : time dependent


Average Power

Average power is the average of the instantaneous power over one period
T. Unit : Watts

Hence, Average Power


Average Power calculation from phasors

Considering phasor voltage & current:

We recognize the following relationship:


Effective or RMS value

The effective value of a periodic current is the DC current that delivers the
same average power to a resistor as the periodic current.

General formula for effective current/voltage:


Effective current/voltage & Average Power
(sinusoid current)
Apparent Power and Power Factor
Voltage and current in time-domain & phasor-domain:

Average Power:

Apparent Power:

Unity PF : 𝜃𝑣 = 𝜃𝑖
Power Factor: Lagging PF : 𝜃𝑣 > 𝜃𝑖
Leading PF : 𝜃𝑣 < 𝜃𝑖
Power Factor from Impedances
The power factor angle is equal to the angle of the load impedance if the voltage across
the load is V and the current through is I.
Example problem

Determine the power factor of the entire circuit seen by the source. Also calculate the average
power supplied by the source.

Ans: 0.9734 (leading PF); 125 W


Complex Power, S
Complex power contains all information regarding the power absorbed by a certain load
(resistive/inductive/capacitive).

P Q
S = P + jQ
P = Real Power
Q = Reactive Power
Real and Reactive Powers

Real power (P) :- Average Power in Watts delivered to a load


Reactive power (Q) :- A measure of the energy exchange between the source and reactive elements (unit : VAR)

Reactive power is not useful to us, unlike real power. It is the power going back and forth between the load and
the source.

Q=0 for a Resistive Load (unity pf)


Q>0 for an Inductive Load (lagging pf)
Q<0 for a Capacitive Load (leading pf)
All in one slide!
Example 11.11
The voltage across a load is 𝑣 𝑡 = 60 cos 𝜔𝑡 − 10° and the current through the element
in the direction of the voltage drop is i 𝑡 = 1.5 cos 𝜔𝑡 + 50° . Find (a) the complex and
apparent powers, (b) the real and reactive powers, and (c) the power factor and the load
impedance.
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Practice Problem 11.11
Exercise Problem 11.51

For the entire circuit given in the following figure, find (a) the total power factor, (b) the
average power delivered by the source, (c) complex power, and (d) apparent power.

Ans: (a) 0.9956 (lagging); (b) 31.12 W; (c) 31.12 + j2.932; (d) 31.26 VA

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