MASTER SAMPLE PAPER
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Life Processes
1. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events in the nutrition of Amoeba?
2. The human digestive system breaks down complex food molecules into simpler ones. In which part of the
alimentary canal does the final and complete digestion of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins occur?
3. Bile juice is secreted by the liver and stored in the gall bladder. What is its primary function in the process
of digestion?
4. Aquatic animals like fish have a much faster rate of breathing compared to terrestrial animals. Provide a
scientific reason for this observation.
5. What is lymph? State two major functions of the lymphatic system in the human body.
6. Explain the role of kidneys in osmoregulation in the human body.
7. Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants prepare their own food. Which of the following are the
essential raw materials for this process?
8. What is translocation in plants? Name the tissue responsible for it and the form in which the food is
transported.
9. Differentiate between breathing and respiration on the basis of (i) energy release and (ii) the nature of the
process.
Control and Coordination
10. Which endocrine gland, located at the base of the brain, is often called the ‘master gland’ because it
secretes hormones that regulate many other glands in the body?
11. What is a synapse? Explain how a nerve impulse is transmitted across a synapse between two neurons.
12. What is a reflex action? Give two examples. How does it differ from a voluntary action?
13. Explain the phenomenon of phototropism in plants. Name the plant hormone responsible and describe its
mechanism of action.
Reproduction
14. Hydra reproduces asexually by developing a small outgrowth on its body which then matures and
detaches. What is this mode of reproduction called?
15. Fertilization in flowering plants is the fusion of male and female gametes. Where does this process
typically take place?
16. What is pollination? Differentiate between self-pollination and cross-pollination.
17. What is the function of the testes and ovaries in the human reproductive system apart from producing
gametes?
18. What is the placenta? List its two main functions.
Heredity and Evolution
19. In a classic Mendelian monohybrid cross, when a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) is self-pollinated,
what is the resulting phenotypic ratio of tall to dwarf plants?
20. Explain the mechanism of sex determination in human beings.
21. What are fossils? How do they serve as evidence for evolution?
Environment and Resources
22. What are producers, consumers, and decomposers? Give one example of each from a forest ecosystem.
23. Construct two distinct food chains from a grassland ecosystem.
24. What does the 10% law of energy transfer in an ecosystem state?
25. If a pesticide like DDT enters the food chain, in which organism will its concentration be the highest?
Name the phenomenon and explain why.
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Chemical Reactions and Equations
26. What is a displacement reaction? Explain with an example.
27. Why is respiration considered an exothermic reaction?
Acids, Bases and Salts
28. Arrange the following substances in increasing order of their pH values: Lemon juice, toothpaste,
distilled water, sodium hydroxide solution.
29. Why are soaps not effective cleaning agents in hard water?
Metals and Non-metals
30. Galvanisation is used to protect iron from rusting. Explain how this method works.
31. Why are noble metals like gold and platinum suitable for making jewellery?
Carbon and its Compounds
32. Carbon forms long chains due to which property?
33. Differentiate between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with examples.
34. What is a substitution reaction? Explain with an example.
──────────────────────── PHYSICS ────────────────────────
Light – Reflection and Refraction
35. A convex mirror is preferred as a rear-view mirror. State two reasons.
Human Eye and Colourful World
[Link] is myopia? State its cause and method of correction.
Electricity
37. Two identical resistors are connected (i) in series and (ii) in parallel to a battery. Compare the
power consumed in both cases.
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
38. Describe the construction and working of an electromagnet. State two ways to increase its
strength.