12

Limits and Derivatives

Limit of a Function, Left Hand & 6. Let f(x) = 5 - x - 2 and g ( x) = x + 1 , xÎ R. If f(x) attains
Right Hand limits, Existance of maximum value at a and g(x) attains minimum value at b,
Limits, Sandwitch Theorem,
TOPIC Ć Evaluation of Limits when X® ¥, ( x - 1)( x 2 - 5 x + 6)
Limits by Factorisation, then lim is equal to :
x ®-ab x2 - 6 x + 8
Substitution & Rationalisation
[April 12, 2019 (II)]
1. If a is the positive root of the equation, p(x) = x2 – x – 2 = 0, (a) 1/2 (b) –3/2 (c) –1/2 (d) 3/2
1 - cos(p( x )) x + 2 sin x
then lim is equal to: [Sep. 05, 2020 (I)] lim
x ®a + x+a-4 7. x ®0 is
x + 2sin x + 1 - sin 2 x - x + 1
2

3 3 1 1 [April 12, 2019 (II)]

(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2 (a) 6 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 1

x (e ( 1+ x 2 + x 4 -1) / x
- 1) x4 - 1 x3 - k 3
2. lim [Sep. 05, 2020 (II)] 8. If lim = lim 2 , then k is:[April 10, 2019 (I)]
x ®1 x - 1 x ®k x - k 2
x®0
1 + x2 + x4 - 1

(a) is equal to e (b) is equal to 1 8 3 3 4

(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 8 2 3
(c) is equal to 0 (d) does not exist
3. Let [t] denote the greatest integer £ t. If for some
x 2 - ax + b
9. If lim = 5 , then a + b is equal to :
1 - x+ | x | x ®1 x -1
l Î R - {0, 1}, lim = L, then L is equal to :
x ®0 l - x + [ x] [April 10, 2019 (II)]
[Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] (a) –4 (b) 5 (c) –7 (d) 1
1 sin 2 x
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) (d) 0 10. lim equals : [April 8, 2019 (I)]
2 x ®0 2 - 1 + cos x

ìï 1 æ x2 x2 x2 x 2 ö üï
4. If lim í 8 çç1 - cos - cos + cos cos ÷÷ ý = 2 - k , (a) 4 2 (b) 2 (c) 2 2 (d) 4
x ®0 ï x 2 4 2 4 ø ïþ
î è
then the value of k is __________. [NA Sep. 03, 2020 (I)] cot3 x - tanx
11. lim is: [Jan. 12, 2019 (I)]
p æ pö
3x + 33- x - 12 x ® cos x +
ç
5. lim - x /2 1- x is equal to ¾¾¾. 4
è 4 ÷ø
x ®2 3 -3
[NA Jan. 7, 2020 (I)] (a) 4 (b) 4 2 (c) 8 2 (d) 8

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

 EBD_8344
M-208 Mathematics

p - 2 sin -1 x cot x - cos x

12. lim is equal to: [Jan. 12, 2019 (II)] 19. lim equals : [2017]
x ®1- 1- x x®
p
( p - 2x )3
2
1 2 p
(a) (b) (c) (d) p 1 1 1 1
2p p 2 (a) (b) (c) (d)
4 24 16 8
13. Let [x] denote the greatest integer less than or equal to x.
Then :
3x - 3
lim
( ) (
20. is equal to : [Online April 8, 2017]
tan p sin x + | x | - sin ( x [ x ]) ) 2x - 4 - 2
2 2 x ®3
lim :
x ®0 x2 1 3 1
(a) 3 (b) (c) (d)
[Jan. 11, 2019 (I)] 2 2 2 2
(a) does not exist (b) equals p
(c) equals p + 1 (d) equals 0 (1 - cos 2x)(3 + cosx)
21. lim is equal to : [2015]
x cot ( 4 x )
x ®0 x tan 4x
14. lim is equal to : [Jan. 11, 2019 (II)]
x ®0 sin 2 x cot 2 ( 2 x ) (a) 2 (b)
1
2 (c) 4 (d) 3
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 1
15. For each t Î R, let [t] be the greatest integer less than or 2
equal to t. Then, [Jan. 10, 2019 (I)] e x - cos x
22. lim is equal to : [Online April 10, 2015]
æp ö
x® 0 sin 2 x
(1 - | x | + sin |1 - x |) sin ç [1 - x] ÷
lim è 2 ø 3 5
x ®1+ |1 - x | [1 - x] (a) 2 (b) 3 (c) (d)
2 4

(a) equals 1
(c) equals – 1
(b) equals 0
(d) does not exist 23. lim
(
sin p cos 2 x ) is equal to: [2014]
x®0 2
x
1 + 1 + y4 - 2 p
16. lim [Jan. 9, 2019 (I)] (a) -p (b) p (c) (d) 1
y®0 y4 2

(a) exists and equals

4 2
1
24. If lim
{
tan ( x - 2 ) x 2 + ( k - 2 ) x - 2k } = 5,
2
x ®2 x - 4x + 4
1 then k is equal to: [Online April 11, 2014]
(b) exists and equals 2 2
( 2 +1) (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3
(1 - cos 2 x)(3 + cos x)
1 25. lim is equal to [2013]
(c) exists and equals x®0 x tan 4 x
2 2
(d) does not exist 1 1
(a) - (b) (c) 1 (d) 2
17. For each xÎR, let [x] be greatest integer less than or equal 4 2
to x. Then [Jan. 09, 2019 (II)]
x ([ x ] + | x |) sin [ x] 26. lim
(
sin p cos 2 x ) equals [Online May 26, 2012]
lim is equal to: 2
x ®0 x x ®0 x
(a) – sin 1 (b) 1 (c) sin 1 (d) 0 (a) – p (b) 1 (c) – 1 (d) p
x tan 2 x - 2 x tan x æ x - sin x ö æ 1ö
18. lim equals. [Online April 15, 2018] lim ç
(1 - cos 2 x) 2
27. ÷ sin çè ÷ø [Online May 7, 2012]
x®0 è x ø
x ®0
x
1 1 1 (a) equals 1 (b) equals 0
(a) 1 (b) - (c) (d)
2 4 2 (c) does not exist (d) equals – 1

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

Limits and Derivatives M-209

28. Let f : R ® [0, ¥) be such that lim f(x) exists and 1 - cos 2 x
x® 5
35. lim is [2002]
x ®0 2x
lim
( f ( x )) 2
-9
=0 (a) 1 (b) –1
[2011RS]
x® 5 x -5
(c) ero (d) does not exist
Then lim f(x) equals :
x®5 Limits Using L-hospital's Rule,
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 3 TOPIC n Evaluation of Limits of the form
1¥, Limits by Expansion Method
æ 1 - cos{2( x - 2)} ö
29. lim ç ÷ [2011]
x®2 è x-2 ø 1 1
(a + 2 x) 3 - (3 x ) 3
(a) equals (b) equals – 36. lim ( a ¹ 0) is equal to :
2 2 x ®a 1 1
(3a + x) 3 - (4 x ) 3
1
(c) equals (d) does not exist [Sep. 03, 2020 (II)]
2
30. Let f : R ® R be a positive increasing function with 4 1
æ 2 ö3 æ 2 öæ 2 ö 3
f (3 x) f (2 x) (a) ç ÷ (b) ç ÷ç ÷
lim = 1 then lim = [2010] è3ø è 3 øè 9 ø
x ®¥ f ( x) x ®¥ f ( x)
4 1
2 3
(a) (b) (c) 3 (d) 1 æ 2 ö3 æ 2 öæ 2 ö 3
3 2 (c) ç ÷ (d) ç ÷ç ÷
è9ø è 9 øè 3 ø
31. Let a and b be the distinct roots of ax 2 + bx + c = 0 ,
x + x 2 + x3 + ... + x n - n
1 - cos(ax 2 + bx + c) 37. If lim = 820, (n Î N) then the
then lim is equal to [2005] x ®1 x -1
x®a ( x - a) 2
value of n is equal to ________. [NA Sep. 02, 2020 (I)]
2
a 1/ x
(a) (a - b ) 2 (b) 0 æ æp öö
2 38. lim ç tan ç + x÷ ÷ is equal to : [Sep. 02, 2020 (II)]
x®0 è è4 øø
-a 2 1
(c) (a - b ) 2 (d) (a - b) 2 (a) e (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) e 2
2 2
1/ x 2
æ 3 x2 + 2 ö
é æ xö ù lim ç 2
ê1 - tan çè 2 ÷ø ú [1 - sin x]
39.
x ®0 è 7 x + 2 ø
÷ is equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (I)]
ë û
32. lim is [2003]
x ® 1 + tan æ x ö ù [ p - 2 x ]3
p é
èç 2 ø÷ úû
2 ê 1 1
ë (a) (b) (c) e2 (d) e
e e2
1 1 x t sin(10t ) dt
(a) ¥ (b)
8
(c) 0 (d)
32
40. lim ò is equal to: [Jan. 8, 2020 (II)]
x® 0 0 x

log x n - [ x] 1 1 1
33. lim , n Î N , ([x] denotes greatest integer less (a) 0 (b) (c) - (d) -
x ®0 [ x] 10 5 10
than or equal to x) [2002] 41. If a and b are the roots of the equation 375x2–25x–2=0,
(a) has value -1 (b) has value 0 n n
(c) has value 1 (d) does not exist then nlim
®¥
å a r + nlim
®¥
å br is equal to :
r =1 r =1
x
æ x2 + 5 x + 3 ö [April 12, 2019 (I)]
34. lim ç 2 ÷ [2002]
x ®¥ çè x + x + 2 ÷ø 21 29 1 7
(a) (b) (c) (d)
(a) e4 (b) e2 (c) e3 (d) 1 346 358 12 116

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

 EBD_8344
M-210 Mathematics

42. Let f : R ® R be a differentiable function satisfying 2x

æ a b ö
1 48. If lim çç1+ + ÷÷ = e 2 , then the values of a and b, are
æ 1 + f ( 3 + x ) – f ( 3) öx x ®¥ è x x 2 ø
f ¢(3) + f ¢(2) = 0. Then lim ç ÷ is equal
x ®0 è 1 + f ( 2 – x ) – f ( 2 ) ø [2004]
to : [April 08, 2019 (II)] (a) a = 1 and b = 2 (b) a = 1, b Î R
(a) 1 (b) e–1 (c) e (d) e2
(c) a Î R, b = 2 (d) a Î R, b Î R
43. For each t Î R , let [t] be the greatest integer less than or
equal to t. Then [2018] xf (2) - 2 f ( x)
49. Let f (x) = 4 and f ¢ (x) = 4. Then lim
x ®2 x-2
æé 1 ù é 2 ù é15 ù ö
lim x ç ê ú + ê ú + ... + ê ú ÷ is given by [2002]
è x
x ®0+ ë û ë û
x ë x ûø
(a) 2 (b) –2 (c) – 4 (d) 3
(a) is equal to 15. (b) is equal to 120.
(c) does not exist (in R). (d) is equal to 0. Derivatives of Polynomial &
Trigonometric Functions,
1
(27 + x ) 3 - 3
TOPIC Đ Derivative of Sum, Difference,
44. lim equals. [Online April 16, 2018] Product & Quotient of two
x®0 2
functions
9 - (27 + x ) 3
50. Let f (x) be a polynomial of degree 4 having extreme values
1 1 1 1
(a) - (b) (c) - (d) æ f ( x) ö
3 6 6 3 at x = 1 and x = 2. If lim ç 2 + 1÷ = 3 then f (– 1) is equal
x ®0 è x ø
1
( )
to [Online April 15, 2018]
45. Let p = lim 1 + tan 2 x 2x then log p is equal to :
x ®0+ (a)
1
(b)
3
(c)
5
(d)
9
[2016] 2 2 2 2
1 1 51. Let f(x) be a polynomial of degree four having extreme
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) 1
2 4 é f (x) ù
values at x = 1 and x = 2. If xlim 1 + 2 ú = 3, then f(2) is
®0 êë x û
(1 - cos 2x) 2
46. lim is : [Online April 10, 2016] equal to : [2015]
x ®0 2x tan x - x tan 2x
(a) 0 (b) 4
1 1 (c) – 8 (d) – 4
(a) 2 (b) - (c) –2 (d) 52. Let f (1) = –2 and f ¢ (x) ³ 4.2 for 1 £ x £ 6 . The possible
2 2
value of f (6) lies in the interval : [April 25, 2013]
2x (b) (– ¥ , 12)
æ a 4ö (a) [15, 19)
47. If lim ç1 + - 2 ÷ = e3, then 'a' is equal to : (d) [19, ¥ )
x ®¥ è x x ø (c) [12, 15)
53. If f (x) = 3x10 – 7x8 + 5x6 – 21x3 + 3x2 – 7, then
[Online April 9, 2016]
f (1 - a ) - f (1)
3 1 2 lim is [Online May 19, 2012]
(a) 2 (b) (c) (d) a®0 a3 + 3a
2 2 3
53 53 55 55
(a) - (b) (c) - (d)
3 3 3 3

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

Limits and Derivatives M-211

1. (b) x2 - x - 2 = 0 Þ ( x - 2)( x + 1) = 0 1- h + h 1
R.H.L. = lim =
h® 0 l+h+0 l
Þ x = 2, - 1 Þ a = 2
Given that limit exists. Hence L.H.L. = R.H.L.
1 - cos( x - x - 2)
2
Þ | l - 1| = | l |
\ lim
x ® 2+ x-2
1 1
Þl= and L = =2
æ x - x - 2ö
2 2 l
2 sin ç ÷
è 2 ø 4. (8)
= lim
x ® 2+ x-2 æ x2 ö æ x2 ö
ç 1 - cos 1 - cos
( x 2 - x - 2) è 2 ÷ø ç
è 4 ÷ø
2 sin lim = 2-k
2 ( x 2 - x - 2) x®0 x4 x4
= lim ´
x ® 2+ æ x2 - x - 2ö 2( x - 2)
ç ÷ x2 x2
è 2 ø 2sin 2
2sin 2
Þ lim 4 4 ´ 4 8 = 2- k
æ æ x2 - x - 2ö ö x®0 x x
ç sin ç ÷÷ ´ 16 ´ 64
1 è 2 ø÷ ( x - 2)( x + 1)
lim ç
16 64
= ´ lim
2 x ® 2+ ç x 2 - x - 2 ÷ x ® 2+ ( x - 2)
ç ÷ 4 é sin q ù
è 2 ø Þ = 2-8 = 2- k êëQ q®
lim = 1ú
16 ´ 64 0 q û
1 3
= ´ 1´ 3 = \k = 8
2 2
5. (36)Let 3x = t2
æ 1+ x2 + x 4 -1 ö
xçe x - 1÷ 27
ç ÷ t2 + - 12
ç ÷ t2 t 4 - 12t 2 + 27
2. (b) Let L = lim è ø lim = lim
x®0 t ®3 1 3 t ®3 t -3
1 + x + x -1
2 4
-
t t2
1+ x 2 + x 4 -1
e x -1 (t 2 - 3)(t + 3)(t - 3)
= lim = lim
x®0 t ®3 t -3
1 + x2 + x4 - 1 2
= (3 – 3) (3 + 3) = 36.
x
6. (a) f (x) = 5 – | x – 2 |
1 + x2 + x4 - 1
Put = t when x ® 0 Þ t ® 0 Graph of y = f (x)
x y
et - 1
\ L = lim =1 (2
5)
t ®0 t

1- x + | x |
3. (b) Given lim =L
x®0 l - x + [ x] x
O 2
1+ h + h 1
Here, L.H.L. = lim =
h® 0 l + h -1 l -1
By the graph f (x) is maximum at x = 2
\ a = 2 g (x) = | x + 1 |

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

 EBD_8344
M-212 Mathematics

Graph of y = g (x)
x 2 - ax + b
y 9. (c) lim =5
x ®1 x -1
Q limit is finite. \ 1 – a + b = 0
2x - a æ0 ö
Þ lim =5 ç 0 form ÷ (By L Hospital’s rule)
x ®1 1 è ø
x
–1 O 2 Þ 2 – a = 5 Þ a = – 3 and b = – 4
Then a + b = – 3 – 4 = – 7

By the graph g (x) is minimum at x = – 1 sin 2 x

10. (a) lim
\ b=–1 x ®0 2 - 1 + cos x

( x - 1)( x - 2)( x - 3) sin 2 x é0ù

Now, xlim ( x - 2)( x - 4) = lim
®2
x ®0 x êë 0 úû
2 - 2cos2
( x - 1)( x - 3) 1 2
= lim =
x ®2 x-4 2 sin 2 x sin 2 x
= lim = lim
7. (b) Given limit is, x ®0 é x ù x®0 2 2 sin 2 x
2 ê1 - cos ú
x + 2sin x ë 2û 4
lim
x® 0
x 2 + 2sin x + 1 - sin 2 x - x + 1 æ sin x ö
2
ç ÷ .16 16
On rationalising, è x ø =4 2
= lim 2 =
x ®0 æ xö 2 2
( x + 2sin x) ëé x 2 + 2sin x + 1 + sin 2 x - x + 1 ûù ç sin 4 ÷
= lim 2 2ç ÷
x ®0 ( x 2 - sin 2 x ) + ( x + 2sin x)
ç x ÷
è 4 ø
é æ sin x ö ù é 2 ù
ê1 + 2 ç x ÷ ú ë x + 2sin x + 1 + sin x - x + 1 û
2

ë è øû æ tan x ö
lim cot 3 x ç1 -
= x® 0 æ sin 2 x ö æ æ sin x ö ö cot 3 x - tan x è cos3 x ø÷
çx- ÷ + 1+ 2ç ÷÷
x ø çè
11. (d) lim = lim
è è x øø x ® cos æ x + p ö
p p cos ( x + p /4 )
x®
4 çè ÷ø 4
4
3´ 2 é sin ù
= =2 êQ xlim = 1ú
3 ë ® 0 x û (1 - tan 4 x)
= lim
x ® tan x cos( x + p / 4)
p 3

x4 - 1 æ x3 - k 3 ö 4
(a) Given, xlim = lim ç 2 ÷
x ® K çè x - k 2 ÷ø (1 + tan 2 x)(1 - tan x)(1 + tan x)
8. ®1 x - 1
= lim
x®
p æ cos x - sin x ö
tan 3 x ç
æ0 ö è ø÷
4
x4 -1 2
Taking L.H.S. lim ç 0 form ÷
x ®1 x - 1 è ø
(1 + tan 2 x )(1 + tan x )(cos x - sin x)
= limp
4 x3 x® sin 3 x æ cos x - sin x ö
Lt =4 [Using L Hospital’s Rule] 4 ç ø÷
x ®1 1 cos 2 x è 2

x3 - k 3
\ lim =4 (2)(2)
x® K x2 - k 2 = =8
1

Þ lim
3x 2 ( 2 )( 2 )
x ® K 2x
=4 [Using L Hospital’s Rule] p - 2sin -1 x
12. (b) lim- = lim f (1 - h )
x ®1 1- x h®0
3 8
Þ k =4 Þk=
2 3 p - 2sin -1 (1 - h)
= lim
h®0 1 - (1 - h)

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

Limits and Derivatives M-213

p - 2sin -1 (1 - h) 1+ 1+ y4 - 2
= lim 16. (a) L = lim
h® 0 h y® 0 y4
1 1
- ´2´ (-1)
-1
2 2sin (1 - h) 1 - (1 - h)2 æ öæ ö
çè 1 + 1 + y - 2 ÷ø çè 1 + 1 + y + 2 ÷ø
4 4
= lim
h®0 1 = lim
2 h y® 0 æ ö
y4 ç 1+ 1+ y4 + 2÷
1 1 è ø
-1
2sin (1 - h ) h(2 - h ) 1+ 1+ y4 - 2
= lim = lim
h® 0 1 y® 0 æ ö
y4 ç 1+ 1+ y4 + 2÷
2 h è ø

1 1 2 æ 1 + y4 –1öæ 1 + y4 + 1 ö
=2´ ´ ç ÷ç ÷
=
p è øè ø
p 2 = lim
y ®0 4 æ ö
y ç 1 + 1 + y 4 + 2 ÷ æç 1 + y4 + 1ö÷
tan(p sin 2 x ) + ( x - 0)2 è øè ø
13. (a) RHL is, lim+
x ®0 x2 1+ y4 -1
= lim
æ tan(p sin x ö
= lim+ ç
2
+ 1÷ = 1 + p
y® 0 æ
y4 ç
è
ö
1+ 1+ y4 + 2 ÷ 1+ y4 +1
ø ( )
x ®0 è x2 ø
1 1
= =
tan(p sin x) + ( - x + sin x)
2 2 2 2´2 4 2
And LHL is, lim-
x ®0 x2 x ([ x ] + | x |) × sin[ x]
17. (a) lim
x ® 0- | x|
tan(p sin x ) + x + sin x - 2 x sin x
2 2 2
= lim-
x ®0 x2 (0 - h)([0 - h]+ |0 - h |) × sin[0 - h]
= lim
= p+1+1–2=p h®0 |0 - h |
Since, LHL ¹ RHL
Hence, limit does not exist. (- h)( -1 + h)sin( -1)
= lim
h®0 h
x cot 4 x x .tan 2 2 x
14. (d) lim
x ®0 2 2 = lim
x®0 sin 2 x .tan 4 x
= lim (1 - h)sin(-1) = –sin1
sin x .cot 2 x h®0

2 2 ( x tan 2 x - 2 x tan x)
æ x ö æ tan 2 x ö æ 4x ö 4 18. (d) Let, L = lim = lim K (say)
= lim ç .ç ÷ .ç . (1 - cos 2 x)2
x ®0 è sin x ÷
x ®0 x ®0
è tan 4 x ø÷ 22
=1
ø è 2x ø
é 2 tan x ù
æp ö xê ú - 2 x tan x
(1 - | x | + sin (|1 - x |))sin ç [1 - x]÷ ë 1 - (tan x )2 û
è2 ø ÞK=
15. (b) lim
x ®1+ |1 - x | [1 - x] (1 - (1 - 2sin 2 x ))2

æp ö 2 x tan x - [2 x tan x - 2 x tan 3 x ]

(1 - |1 + h | + sin (|1 - 1 - h |))sin ç [1 - 1 - h]÷ =
è2 ø 4 sin 4 x ´ (1 - tan 2 x )
= lim
h®0 |1 - 1 - h | [1 - 1 - h]
2 x tan 3 x 2 x tan 3 x
= =
æp ö 4 sin x ´ (1 - tan 2 x)
4
æ cos 2 x - sin 2 x ö
(1 - 1 - h + sinh)sin ç ( -1)÷ 4 sin 4 x ´ çç ÷÷
è2 ø è cos 2 x ø
= lim
h®0 h([0 - h]) sin 3 x
2x
cos3 x
æ pö =
(- h + sin h) sin ç - ÷ æ cos 2 x - sin 2 x ö
è 2ø 4 sin 4 x ´ çç ÷÷
= lim =0 cos 2 x
h® 0 h (-1) è ø

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

 EBD_8344
M-214 Mathematics

ÞK=
x sin( p cos 2 x)
2 sin x ´ (cos x - sin 2 x) cos x
2 23. (b) lim
x®0 x2

\ L = lim
x
´ lim
1 sin éëp(1 - sin 2 x) ùû
x ®0 2 sin x x ® 0 cos x (cos2 x - sin 2 x) = lim
x ®0 x2
x 1 1
= lim ´ lim = ( p - p sin 2 x)
x®0 2 sin x x ® 0 cos 0 (cos 0 - sin 0) 2
2 2 = lim sin [Q sin (p – q) = sin q]
x ®0 x2
cot x(1 - sin x) cot x(1 - sin x) (p sin 2 x) p sin 2 x
19. (c) lim = limp 3 = lim sin ´
x®
p
æ pö
3
x® æp ö x ®0 p sin 2 x x2
2 -8 ç x - ÷ 2 8ç - x ÷
è 2ø è2 ø 2
æ sin x ö
= lim 1´ p ç ÷ =p
p p x ®0 è x ø
Put - x = t Þ as x ® Þ t ® 0
2 2 tan( x - 2){x 2 + (k - 2) x - 2k}
æp öæ æ p öö 24. (d) lim =5
cot ç - t ÷ ç 1 - sin ç - t÷ ÷ x ®2 x2 - 4 x + 4
è2 øè è 2 øø
= lim 3 tan( x - 2){x 2 + kx - 2 x - 2 k}
t® 0 8t Þ lim =5
x®2 ( x - 2) 2
tan t(1 - cos t) tan t 1 - cos t
= lim = lim . tan( x - 2){x ( x - 2) + k ( x - 2)}
t®0 8t 3 t ®0 8t t2 Þ lim =5
1 1 1 x® 2 ( x - 2) ´ ( x - 2)
= .1. =
8 2 16 æ tan( x - 2) ö æ (k + x )( x - 2 ) ö
Þ xlim ç ÷ ´ lim ç
( x - 2 ) ÷ø
è - ø x® 2 è
=5
3x - 3 ®2 ( x 2)
20. (b) Let A = lim
x ®3 2x - 4 - 2 ì tan h ü
Rationalise Þ 1 ´ xlim
®2
(k + x ) = 5 íQ lim = 1ý
î h®0 h þ
( 3x - 9 ) ´ ( 2x - 4 + 2 )
or k + 2 = 5
Þ A = lim Þ k=3
x ®3 {( 2x - 4 ) - 2} ´ ( 3x + 3 )
25. (d) Multiply and divide by x in the given expression, we
get
3 ( x - 3) 2x - 4 + 2 3 2 2 1 (1 - cos 2 x ) (3 + cos x) x
= lim ´ ´ = lim ·
( )
=
x ®3 2 ( x - 3) 3x + 3 2 6 2 x®0 x2 1 tan 4 x
é 2 xù
21. (a) Multiply and divide by x in the given expression, we êëQ1 - cos 2 x = 2sin 2 úû
get
2sin 2 x 3 + cos x x
(1 - cos 2 x ) (3 + cos x) x = lim · ·
lim · x®0 x 2 1 tan 4x
x®0 x2 1 tan 4 x
sin 2 x 4x 1
= 2 lim · lim ( 3 + cos x ) · lim ´
2sin x 3 + cos x
2
x x ®0 x2 x® 0 x® 0 tan 4 x 4
= lim · ·
x®0 x2 1 tan 4 x
= 2.4.
1
=2
4
= 2 lim
x®0
sin 2 x
x 2
· lim 3 + cos x · lim
x®0 x ®0
x
tan 4 x 26. (d) Consider, lim
(
sin p cos 2 x )
x®0 2
x
1 4x 1
= 2.4 lim
4 x®0 tan 4 x
= 2.4. = 2
4
= lim
(
sin p - p sin 2 x ) éëQ sin ( p - q ) = sin q ùû
x®0 2
x2 x
2xe + sin x
( ) ´ ( p sin x) = p
22. (c) lim
x ®0 2sin x cos x sin p sin 2 x 2
= lim
æ x x2 1 ö 1 1 3 x®0 p sin 2 x x2
lim ç e + ÷ = 1+ =
x ®0 è sin x 2 ø cos x 2 2

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

Limits and Derivatives M-215

æ x - sin x ö æ 1ö æ ( x - a )( x - b) ö
2sin 2 ç a ÷ø
27. (b) Consider lim çè ÷ sin çè ÷ø è
x ®0 x ø x = lim
2
x® a ( x - a)2
é æ sin x ö ù æ ( x - a ) ( x - b) ö
ê x ç1 - x ÷ø ú sin 2 ç a ÷ø
è
= lim ê è ú ´ lim sin æç ö÷
1
= lim
2
´
2
x ®0 ë x û x® 0 è x ø x ® a ( x - a )2 a 2 ( x - a ) 2 ( x - b) 2
4
é sin x ù æ 1ö a 2 ( x - a )2 ( x - b)2
= lim ê1 - ´ lim sin ç ÷
x® 0 ë x úû x®0 è xø ´
4
é sin x ù æ 1ö a 2 (a - b)2
= ê1 - lim ú ´ lim sin ç ÷
è
= .
ë x® 0 x û x ® 0 xø 2

æ 1ö æp xö
tan ç - ÷ .(1 - sin x )
= 0 ´ lim sin ç ÷ = 0 è4 2ø
x ®0 è xø 32. (d) lim
p ( p - 2 x )3
x®
( f ( x) ) 2 - 9
2
p
28. (d) Given that lim =0 Let x = + y; y ® 0
x®5 x-5 2
Þ lim [(f (x) )2 – 9] = 0 æ yö
x®5 tan ç - ÷ .(1 - cos y )
è 2ø
2 = lim
Þ é lim f ( x) ù = 9 Þ lim f (x) = 3 y®0 ( -2 y )3
ë x®5 û x® 5
y y
é - tan 2sin 2
1 - cos{2( x - 2)} 2 vù
êëQ1 - cos q = 2sin 2 úû
2 2
29. (d) lim = lim é 2 qù
x®2 x-2 y ®0 y3 êëQ1 - cos q = 2sin 2 úû
( -8). .8
2 sin( x - 2) 8
= lim
x®2 x-2 tan é
y 2
= lim
1 2 . sin y / 2 ù = 1
2 sin( x - 2) ê ú
L.H.L = - lim =- 2 y ®0 32 æ y ö ë y / 2 û 32
x® 2 ( x - 2) ç ÷
(at x = 2)
è2ø
2 sin( x - 2) é sin q tan q ù
R.H.L = lim = 2 = lim = 1ú
(at x = 2) x®2 ( x - 2) êëQ lim
q® 0 q q® 0 q û
Thus L.H.L ¹ R.H.L 33. (d) Since, lim [ x ] = -1 ¹ lim [ x] = 0. So lim [ x] does
(at x = 2)
x ®0- x ®0 +
(at x = 2) x ®0

1 - cos{2( x - 2)} not exist, hence the required limit does not exist.
Hence, lim does not exist.
x® 2 x-2 æ x 2 + 5 x + 3ö æ
x
4x +1 ö
x
34. (a) lim ç 2 ÷ = xlim çè1 + 2 ÷
30. (d) Given that f(x) is a positive increasing function.
x ®¥ è x + x + 2 ø ®¥ x + x + 2ø
\ 0 < f ( x ) < f (2 x ) < f (3 x )
Divided by f (x) ( 4 x +1) x
f (2 x ) f (3 x) é x2 + x + 2 ù x2 + x + 2
Þ 0<1< < êæ
f ( x) f ( x) 4 x + 1 ö 4 x+1 ú
= lim êç1 + 2 ÷ ú
x ®¥ ê è x + x + 2ø ú
f (2 x ) f (3 x )
Þ lim 1 £ lim £ lim ëê ûú
x ®¥ x ®¥ f ( x) x ®¥ f ( x)
By Sandwich Theorem. 4x2 + x
lim é 1
lù
êQ lim (1 + lx ) x = e ú
2
= e x®¥ x + x+ 2
f (2 x)
Þ lim =1 ë x®¥ û
x ®¥ f ( x) 1
31. (a) Given that 4+
x
ax2 + bx + c = a(x – a)(x – b)
lim
x ®¥ 1+ 1 + 2 é 1 ù
x 2 4 êëQ ¥ = 0úû
1 - cos a ( x - a )( x - b ) =e x =e
lim
x ®a ( x - a )2

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

 EBD_8344
M-216 Mathematics

40. (a) Using L’ Hospital rule,

1 - cos 2 x
35. (d) lim ;
x ®0 2x x sin(10 x)
lim =0
x ®0 1
2sin 2 x sin x é sin q ù 41. (c) Given equation is, 375x2 – 25x – 2 = 0
lim Þ lim êëQ lim = 1ú
x ®0 2x x®0 x q® 0 q û Sum and product of the roots are,
The limit of above does not exist as 25 -2
a+b= and ab =
LHS = –1 ¹ RHL = 1 375 375
n
1 1 lim
n ®¥
å (ar + br )
( a + 2 x) 3 - (3 x ) 3 é0 ù r =1
36. (b) lim ê 0 case ú
ë û
x ®a 1 1
= (a + a 2 + a3 + ...¥ (b + b 2 + b3... + ¥ )
(3a + x) 3 - (4 x ) 3
a b a + b - 2ab
Apply L'Hospital rule = + =
1 - a 1 - b 1 - (a + b) + ab
1 1
(a + 2 x)-2 / 3 × 2 - × (3x )-2 /3 × 3 25
+
4
lim 3 3 375 375 = 29 29 1
x ®a 1 -2/ 3 1 = = =
(3a + x ) × - (4 x) -2 / 3 × 4 1-
25
-
2 375 - 25 - 2 348 12
3 3 375 375
1
1
(3a) -2 / 3 × (2 - 3) æ 1 + f (3 + x) - f (3) ö x
3-2/ 3 1
1/ 3
3 24 / 3 1 2 æ 2 ö 42. (a) I = lim ç ¥
÷ [1 form]
= = -2 /3 × = 1/3 × = × ç ÷ x ®0 è 1 + f (2 - x ) - f (2) ø
1 3 3 3 è9ø
(4a)-2 / 3 × (1 - 4) 4 9
3 Þ I = el1, where
37. (40)
æ æ 1 + f (3 + x ) - f (3) ö ö æ 1 ö
x + x 2 + x3 + .... + x n - n æ0 ö I1 = lim ç ç - 1÷ ÷ ç ÷
lim = 820 ç case÷ x ®0 è è 1 + f (2 - x) - f (2) øø è x ø
x ®1 x -1 è0 ø
1 + 2 x + 3x 2 + .... + nx n -1 æ 1 ö æ f (3 + x) - f (3) - f (2 - x) + f (2) ö
lim = 820 = lim ç ÷ ç ÷
x ®1 1 x ®0 è x ø è 1 + f (2 - x) - f (2) ø
(Using L' Hospital rule)
0
Þ 1 + 2 + 3 + .... + n = 820 ( form)
0
n(n + 1) By L. Hospital Rule,
Þ = 820 Þ n2 + n - 1640 = 0
2
æ f ¢(3 + x) + f ¢(2 - x) ö æ 1 ö
Þ n = 40, n Î N I1 = lim ç ÷ lim ç ÷
x ®0 è 1 ø x®0 è 1 + f (2 - x) - f (2) ø
æ 1 + tan x ö
1/ x
= f¢ (3) + f¢ (2) = 0
38. (d) lim ç ÷
x®0 è 1 - tan x ø I
Þ I = e 1 = e =1
0

æ 1 15 ö
(b) Since, lim x ç é ù + é ù + ... + é ù ÷
1é æ p ö ù 1 æ 1+ tan x ö 2
lim ê tan ç + x÷ -1ú lim ç -1
è4 ø û
x®0 x ë è 1- tan x ÷ø 43.
êë x úû êë x úû êë x úû ø
Þe Þ e x®0 x x®0 + è
æ 2 tan x ö 1 æ tan x ö æ 2 ö æì 1 ü ì 2 ü
lim ç ÷ lim ç ÷ç ÷ æ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 15 ö ì15 ü ö
Þ e x ®0è 1- tan x ø x = e x ® 0è x ø è 1- tan x ø = e2 = lim x ç ÷ø - çè í x ý + í x ý + ... + í x ý ÷ø
x ® 0+ è x î þ î þ î þ
1 1 ìï 3 x 2 + 2 üï
æ 3x 2 + 2 ö x 2 lim í - 1ý ìrü ìrü
x ®0 x 2 ï 7 x 2 + 2
î þï Q 0 £ í ý <1 Þ 0 £ xí ý < x
39. (b) Let R = lim ç 2 ÷ =e îxþ îxþ
x ®0 çè 7 x + 2 ÷ø
æ 1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 15 ö 15 ´ 16
1 ìï -4 x 2 üï -4
\ lim+ x çè ÷ø = = 120
lim í ý x ®0 x 2
x ®0 x 2 ï 7 x 2 + 2 ï 1
=e î þ =e 2 = e -2 = 2
e

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

Limits and Derivatives M-217

1
(b) We know that lim (1 + x ) x = e
1
(27 + x) 3 -3 48.
44. (c) Let L = lim x ®¥
x®0 2 2x
9 - (27 + x) 3 æ a bö
Given that lim ç1 + + ÷ = e2
x ®¥ è x x2 ø
0 æa b ö
Here ‘L’ is in the indeterminate form i.e., 2xç + ÷
0 é æ 1 öù è x x2 ø
êæ a b ö ç a + b ÷ ú
\ using the L’Hospital rule we get: Þ lim ê ç1 + + ÷ çè x 2 ÷ø ú = e2
x®¥ è x x2 ø x
ê ú
-2 -2 ë û
1 1
(27 + x ) 3 ´ (27) 3 é bù
3 3 1 lim 2 ê a + ú
L = lim -1
= -1
=- Þ e x®¥ ë xû
= e 2 Þ e2 a = e 2
x®0 2 -2 6
- (27 + x ) 3 ´ 27 3
3 3
Þ a = 1 and b Î R
1
45. (a) ln p = lim+ ln(1 + tan 2 x) 49. (c) Given that f (2) = 4 and f(2) = 4
x ®0 2x
xf (2) - 2 f ( x) æ 0 ö
We have, lim , ç ÷
x-2 è 0ø
( )
1 x®2
lim ln sec x
+ x Applying L-Hospital's rule, we get
x ®0
Applying L hospital's rule : = lim f (2) - 2 f ¢( x ) = f (2) - 2 f ¢(2)
x® 2
sec x tan x tan x 1 = 4 – 2 ´ 4 = –4.
= lim = lim =
x®0 + sec x × 2 x +
x ®0 2 x 2
50. (d) Q f (x) has extremum values at x = 1 and x = 2
(1 - cos 2 x ) 2 Q f ¢(1) = 0 and f ¢(2) = 0
46. (c) lim As, f (x) is a polynomial of degree 4.
x ®0 2 x tan x - x tan 2 x
Suppose f (x) = Ax4 + Bx3 + Cx2 + Dx + E
(2 sin 2 x ) 2 æ f ( x) ö
= lim
x® 0 æ 3 5 ö æ 23 x 3 25 x5 ö Q lim ç 2 + 1÷ = 3
2xç x +
x
+
2x
+ ..... ÷ - x ç 2 x + +2 + ..... ÷ x ®0 è x ø
ç 3 15 ÷ ç 3 15 ÷
è ø è ø
æ Ax 4 + Bx 3 + Cx 2 + Dx + E ö
4 Þ lim çç + 1 ÷÷ = 3
æ x x 3 ö 5 x ®0
è x 2
ø
4ç x - + - ..... ÷
ç 3! 5! ÷
= lim è ø æ D E ö
x ®0 4 æ 2 8 ö æ 4 64 ö Þ lim ç Ax 2 + Bx + C + + 2 + 1÷ = 3
x ç - ÷ + x6 ç - ÷ x ®0 è x x ø
è 3 5 ø è 15 15 ø As limit has finite value, so D = 0 and E = 0
æ x 2 x4 ö
4 Now A(0)2 + B(0) + C + 0 + 0 + 1 = 3
4 ç1 - + - ..... ÷ Þ c +1=3 Þc=2
ç 3! 5! ÷
= lim è ø f ¢(x) = 4Ax3 + 3Bx2 + 2Cx + D
x ®0 2 æ 60 ö f ¢(1) = 0 Þ 4A(1) + 3B(1) + 2C(1) + D = 0
- 2 + x ç - ÷ + .....
è 15 ø Þ 4A + 3B = – 4 ...(i)
(dividing numerator & denominator by x4) f ¢(2) = 0 Þ 4A(8) + 3B(4) + 2C(2) + D = 0
= –2 Þ 8A + 3B = –2 ...(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get
2x
æ a 4 ö 1
47. (b) lim ç 1 + - 2 ÷ (1¥ form) A = and B = – 2
x ®¥ è x x ø 2
x4
é æ a 4 ö ù So, f (x) = – 2x3 + 2x2
= e ê lim ç 1 + - 2 - 1÷ 2 x ú 2
ë x ®¥ è x x ø û
(- 1) 4
Therefore, f (– 1) = – 2(– 1)3 + 2(– 1)2
æ 8ö 2
= e lim ç 2a - ÷ = e2a
x ®¥ è xø 1 9 9
= + 2 + 2 = . Hence f (– 1) =
\ 2a = 3 Þ a = 3/2 2 2 2

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet

 EBD_8344
M-218 Mathematics

é f (x) ù 1 4
51. (a) lim ê1 + 2 ú = 3 Þ f(x) = 2x2 – 2x3 + x
x ®0 ë x û 2

f (x) 1
Þ lim =2 f(2) = 2 × 4 – 2 × 8 + × 16 = 0
x ®0 x 2 2
52. (d) Given f (1) = – 2 and f ¢(x) ³ 4.2 for 1 £ x £ 6
So, f(x) contain terms in x2, x3 and x4.
f ( x + h) - f ( x )
Let f(x) = a1x2 + a2x3 + a3x4 Consider f ¢(x) =
h
f (x) Þ f (x + h) – f (x) = f ¢(x) . h ³ (4.2)h
Since lim = 2 Þ a1 = 2
x ®0 x 2 So, f (x + h) ³ f (x) + (4.2) h
put x = 1 and h = 5, we get
Hence, f(x) = 2x2 + a2x3 + a3x4
f (6) ³ f (1) + 5(4.2) Þ f (6) ³ 19
f ¢(x) = 4x + 3a2x2 + 4a3x3 Hence f (6) lies in [19, ¥)
53. (b) Let f (x) = 3x10 – 7x8 + 5x6 – 21x3 + 3x2 – 7
As given : f ¢ (1) = 0 adn f ¢(2) = 0
f ¢ (x) = 30x9 – 56x7 + 30x5 – 63x2 + 6x
Hence, 4 + 3a2 + 4a3 = 0 ...(i) f ¢ (1) = 30 – 56 + 30 – 63 + 6
= 66 – 63 – 56 = – 53
and 8 + 12a2 + 32a3 = 0 ...(ii)
By 4x(i) – (ii), we get f (1 – a ) – f (1)
Consider lim
a®0 a3 +3a
16 + 12a2 + 16a3 – (8 + 12a2 + 32a3) = 0
f ¢ (1– a )(–1)–0
Þ 8 – 16a3 = 0 Þ a3 = 1/2 = lim (By using L’hospital rule)
a®0 3a 2 +3
and by eqn. (i), 4 + 3a2 + 4/2 = 0 Þ a2 = –2 f ¢(1 – 0)(–1) – f ¢ (1) 53
= = =
3(0)2 + 3 3 3

Downloaded from @Freebooksforjeeneet