Control Engineering
ME – 4012
Instructor
Dr. Muhammad Rizwan Siddiqui
MS Mechanical (GIKI, Swabi)
PhD (NUST, Isb)
Control Engineering
• Course Code : ME – 4012
• Instructor : Dr. Muhammad Rizwan Siddiqui
• Semester : Fall 2025
• Credit Hours : 2-0
• Pre Requisite : MTME 2033 Complex Variables & Transforms
• Office hours : Will be displayed after discussion
• Other details regarding the course have been uploaded on the portal
Books
• Text Book:
• Nise, Control System Engineering, 7th edition, Wiley, 2015.
• Recommended Readings:
• Modern Control Engineering, by Ogata 4th and 5th Edition
CLOs of Control Engineering
Sr. No Outcomes Level of PLO
Learning
1 Understand alternative representations (Time Domain, Frequency Domain, C2 PLO1
State Space) of dynamic systems.
2 Analyze different dynamic systems for Stability, transient response, and C4 PLO2
steady-state error using mathematical models.
3 C5 PLO3
Design Linear Feedback controller using a State Space pole placement/Root
Locus technique in order to meet explicit performance objectives
Instructor’s introduction
Email: [Link]@[Link] , Ext: 267
Research Interest
Experimental Tribology, Instrumentation, Active vibration control, System dynamics
and Control
• Publications
• 6 Journal Published
• 2 Journal papers submitted (awaiting acceptance)
• 8 Conference papers published
Projects and research
• Improvement of the engine valve train tribological performance by the application
of surface texturing (PhD research)
• One DOF levitation by stabilizing PID control of a pinned free rigid ferromagnetic
beam (MS research)
Interesting BS projects supervised
• Smart shopping cart
• Automatic medicine provider in hospitals
Evaluation Methods
• Class participation /Assignments 20%
• Quizzes 20%
• Midterm Exam 20%
• Final Exams 40%
Control System
•A control system is a system, which provides the desired response by
controlling the output
• A control system consists of subsystems and processes (or plants) assembled
for the purpose of obtaining a desired output with desired performance,
given a specified input.
Control System
• The performance of a control system is studied/gauged by the response
curve of the system
Important terminologies
System
An arrangement or combination of different physical components that are
connected or related together to form an entire unit to achieve a certain
objective.
A little more philosophically, a system can be understood as a conceptually
isolated part of the universe that is of interest to us. Other parts of the
universe that interact with the system comprise the system environment, or
neighboring systems.
Example
• Traffic lights system
• Water level control
• Air conditioner
• Car
• Airplane
Important terminologies
Control
To regulate, direct and command a system so that a desired objective is
achieved
Important terminologies
Plant/Process
Portion of the system to be controlled. It is fixed as far as the control system
design is concerned. The designer’s job is to ensure that the plant operates as
required
Fixed
Plant
or
Process
Important terminologies
Input
The input or control input is a quantity that we can adjust directly. By
adjusting the input, we hope to influence the output in a favorable way
Fixed
Input Plant
or
Process
Important terminologies
Output
The output or process output is the quantity we want to control: we want the
output to track the reference value (the set-point)
Fixed
Input Plant Output
or
Process
Important terminologies
Controller
A controller is the most important component of the control system. It is
responsible for the performance of the control system. It is a device or an
algorithm that works to maintain the value of the controlled variable at set
point
In other words, controller’s objective is to eliminate or minimize the error
between reference/input and output values Fixed
Input Plant Output
Controller or
Control Process
Inputs
Important terminologies
Disturbances
A disturbance is an uncontrollable input that has an undesired effect on the
desired output of the system. It may be internal (produced within the system)
or external DisturbanceInputs
Fixed
Input Plant Output
Controller or
Control Process
Inputs
Types of systems
• Open Loop Control Systems
• Closed Loop Control Systems
Open Loop system
• In open loop control systems, output is not fed-back to the input. So, the
control action is independent of the desired output
Examples
Fan
Conventional traffic light system
Manual car Normally, calibrations at the start
of the design process is used.
Open Loop system
• Unexpected disturbances cannot be handled using an open loop system
Closed Loop System
In closed loop control systems, output is fed back to the input. So, the control
action is dependent on the desired output.
Examples
Cruise control car
Water level controller
Air conditioner
Closed Loop System
• Disturbance rejection is a trait of a well designed closed loop control system
Comparison of open and closed loop systems
Thank You