Electrical
B I G L E A R N I N G S M A D E E ASY
Engineering
An initiative of Group
Digital Electronics
Electrical Engineering
Comprehensive Theory with Solved Examples
Civil Services Examination
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Digital Electronics
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Second Edition : 2019
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Contents
Digital Electronics
Chapter 1 Chapter 4
Number Systems................................. 1-31 Flip-Flops and Registers............... 148-178
1.1 Positional Number Systems/Weighted Number Systems....2 4.1 Latches and Flip-Flops........................................................... 149
4.2 Conversion from One Type of Flip-Flop
1.2 Codes .............................................................................................. 8
to Another Type....................................................................... 160
1.3 Arithmetic Operations..............................................................13 4.3 Operating Characteristics of a Flip-Flop......................... 163
1.4 Signed Number Representation...........................................18 4.4 Application of Latches and Flip-Flops............................. 166
1.5 Over Flow Concept....................................................................24 4.5 Registers..................................................................................... 167
Practice Questions.......................................................................26 Practice Questions.................................................................... 174
Chapter 2 Chapter 5
Boolean Algebra and Logic Gates.....32-86 Counters........................................ 179-225
2.1 Logic Operations........................................................................32 5.1 Asynchronous Counters (or Ripple Counters).............. 181
2.2 Laws of Boolean Algebra.........................................................33 5.2 Decoding Errors (Glitches or Spikes)
in Asynchronous Counters.................................................. 185
2.3 Boolean Algebraic Theorems.................................................34
5.3 Synchronous Counters.......................................................... 188
2.4 Minimization of Boolean Functions....................................38
5.4 Synchronous Series Carry Counter................................... 198
2.5 Representation of Boolean Functions................................38
5.5 Synchronous Parallel Carry Counter................................. 199
2.6 Karnaugh Map.............................................................................45
5.6 Design of Synchronous Counters...................................... 200
2.7 Logic Gates...................................................................................56
5.7 Pulse Train Generation (Sequence Generators)........... 211
Practice Questions.......................................................................78
Practice Questions.................................................................... 219
Chapter 3 Chapter 6
Combinational Circuits.................. 87-147 Synthesis of Synchronous
3.1 Design Procedure for Combinational Circuit...................87
Sequential Circuits....................... 226-264
3.2 Adders and Subtractors...........................................................95
6.1 Finite State Machine (FSM).................................................. 226
3.3 Binary Adders........................................................................... 100
3.4 Code Converters...................................................................... 107 6.2 State Reduction....................................................................... 230
3.5 Parity Bit Generators and Checkers.................................. 110 6.3 State Assignment.................................................................... 235
3.6 Magnitude Comparators...................................................... 112 6.4 Design of a Sequential Circuit or
3.7 Encoders..................................................................................... 114 Finite State Machine............................................................... 237
3.8 Decoders.................................................................................... 118 6.5 The Sequence Detector........................................................ 246
3.9 Multiplexers.............................................................................. 126
Practice Questions.................................................................... 256
3.10 Demultiplexers......................................................................... 136
Practice Questions.................................................................... 139
(iii)
Chapter 7 8.3 Characteristics of Digital Logic Family............................. 298
8.4 Logic Families........................................................................... 304
Programmable Logic Devices, Multivibrators,
Timers and Memories........................... 265-291 8.5 Interfacing of Logic Families............................................... 335
7.1 Programmable Logic Devices............................................. 266 Practice Questions.................................................................... 338
7.2 Semiconductor Memories................................................... 278
7.3 MUltivibrators........................................................................... 283 Chapter 9
7.4 555 Timer Circuit...................................................................... 284 A/D and D/A Converters............... 344-372
Practice Questions.................................................................... 288 9.1 Digital to Analog Converter................................................ 344
9.2 Analog to Digital Converters.............................................. 358
Chapter 8 Practice Questions.................................................................... 369
Logic Families............................... 292-343
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8.1 Switching Circuits................................................................... 293
8.2 Classification of Digital Logic Family................................ 297
(iv)