28-12-2025

1015CMD303057250058 MD

PHYSICS

1) Two capacitor of capacitance 3 µF and 1 µF has break down voltage 2 kV and 5 kV respectively. If
capacitance are connected in series, then what will be break down voltage of combination ?

(1) 2 kV

(2)
kV
(3) 5 kV
(4) 7 kV

2) In the following diagram, the charge and potential difference across 8μF capacitor will be

respectively

(1) 80μC, 10 V
(2) 420μC, 20 V
(3) 160μC, 20 V
(4) 360μC, 10 V

3) Total energy stored in a 900 µF capacitor at 100 volts is transferred into a 100 µF capacitor. The
potential drop (in volts)across the new capacitor is :-

(1) 900
(2) 200
(3) 100
(4) 300

4) The circuit shown in the figure consists of a battery of emf e = 10 V; a capacitor of capacitance C
= 1.0 μF and three resistors of values R1 = 2Ω, R2 = 2Ω and R3 = 1Ω. Initially the capacitor is
completely uncharged and the switch S is open. The switch S is closed at t = 0. Then :-

(1) the current through resistor R3 at the moment the switch closed is zero
(2) the current through resistor R3 a long time after the switch closed is 5 A
(3) Voltage across R3 in steady state is 5 V
(4) all of these

5) Consider the arrangement shown in figure. The total energy stored is U1 when key is closed. Now
the key K is made off (opened) and two dielectric slabs of relative permittivity ∈r are introduced
between the plates of the two capacitors. The slab tightly fit in between the plates. The total energy

stored is now U2. Then the ratio of U1/U2 is :-

(1)

(2) ∈r

(3)

(4)

6) If the charge on a capacitor is increased by 2 coulomb, the energy stored in it increases by 21%.
The original charge on the capacitor is :-

(1) 10 C
(2) 20 C
(3) 30 C
(4) 40 C

7) Equivalent capacitance between X and Y points in the given figure is :-

(1) 2 μF
(2) 4 μF
(3) 3 μF
(4) 1 μF

8) Assertion (A) :- Time constants of the circuits shown in the figure are same.

Reason (R) :- Instantaneous current through

the capacitor branch is same at any instant for both the circuits, if batteries are inserted in the
circuits at t = 0

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
(3) (A) is true but (R) is false
(4) (A) is false but (R) is true

9) The potential difference across a 3μF capacitor is 12 V when it is not connected to anything. It is
then connected in parallel with an uncharged 6μF capacitor. At equilibrium, the charge and
potential difference across the capacitor 3μF and 6μF are listed in list II. Match it with list II.

List -I List -II

(P) charge on 3μF capacitor (1) 12 μC

(Q) charge on 6μF capacitor (2) 24 μC

(R) potential difference across 3 μF capacitor (3) 8V

(S) potential difference across 6 μF capacitor (4) 4V

(1) P →1; Q →1; R →4; S →4;
(2) P →1; Q →2; R →3; S →4;
(3) P →1; Q →2; R →4; S →4;
(4) P →1; Q →2; R →4; S →3;

10) Two capacitors C1 and C2 are charged to 120V and 200V respectively. It is found that by
connecting them together the potential on each one can be made zero. Then :-

(1) 5C1 = 3C2

(2) 3C1 = 5C2
(3) 3C1 + 5C2 = 0
(4) 9C1 = 4C2

11) The energy stored in the capacitor is 'U'. If an uncharged capacitor of same capacity is
connected in parallel with it, then energy stored in each capacitor is :

(1) U/6
(2) U/4
(3) U/2
(4) 8U

12)

In the given circuit diagram, the ratio of the charges on capacitors C2 and C4 is :-
(1) 4

(2)

(3)

(4) 2

13) A source S1 is producing, 1015 photons per second of wavelength 5000 Å. Another source S2 is
producing 1.02 × 1015 photons per second of wavelength 5100 Å.
Then, (power of S2)/(power of S1) is equal to :-

(1) 0.98
(2) 1.00
(3) 1.02
(4) 1.04

14) Find the number of photons emitted per second by a 25 W source of monochromatic light of
wavelength 600 nm. Bulb is capable to convert 20% electrical energy into light

(1) 1.5 × 1019

(2) 3 × 1024
(3) 4 × 1015
(4) None of these

15) A beam of white light is incident normally on a plane surface absorbing 70% of the light and
reflecting the rest. If the incident beam carries 10W of power, then the force exerted by it on the
surface will be :-

(1) 4.3 × 10–6 N

(2) 4.3 × 10–8 N
(3) 6.3 × 10–8 N
(4) 5.7 × 10–6 N

16) A metal surface is illuminated by light of two different wavelengths 248 nm and 310 nm. The
maximum speeds of the photoelectrons corresponding to these wavelengths are u1 and u2
respectively. If the ratio u1 : u2 = 2 : 1 and hc = 1240 eV nm, the work function of the metal is nearly
:-

(1) 3.7 eV
(2) 3.2 eV
(3) 2.8 eV
(4) 2.5 eV

17) In P.E.E., Kmax is 2 eV. If frequency of light is increased by 50% then Kmax is the doubled. What is
value of work function of metal ?

(1) 1 eV
(2) 1.5 eV
(3) 2 eV
(4) 3 eV

18) According to Einstein's theory of photo-electric effect :-

(1) an electron can absorb any amount of energy from the wave
(2) energy absorbed by electron is intensity dependent
(3) energy absorbed by electron is frequency dependent
(4) electron can absorb two or more photons simultaneously

19) In the following diagram if V2 > V1 then

(1)
(2) λ1 < λ2
(3) λ1 = λ2
(4) λ1 > λ2

20)

When radiation is incident on a photoelectron emitter, the stopping potential is found to be 9 volts. If
e/m for the electron is 1.8 × 1011 Ckg–1 the maximum velocity of the ejected electrons is :

(1) 6 × 105 ms–1

(2) 8 × 105 ms–1
(3) 1.8 × 106 ms–1
(4) 1.8 × 105 ms–1

21) In a photoelectric effect experiment, f is the frequency of radiations incident on the metal
surface and I is the intensity of the incident radiations. Consider the following statements
(A) If f is increased keeping I and work function constant then maximum kinetic energy of
photoelectron increases.
(B) If distance between cathode and anode is increased stopping potential increases
(C) If I is increased keeping f and work function constant then stopping potential remains same and
saturation current increases.
(D) Work function is decreased keeping f and I constant then stopping potential increases
Correct statements are :-

(1) A, B & C
(2) B, C & D
(3) A, C & D
(4) Only A

22) An electron of mass m when accelerated through a potential difference V, has de-Broglie
wavelenght λ. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with a proton of mass M, accelerated through
the same potential difference will be :-

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

23) The de Broglie wavelength and kinetic energy of a particle is 2000 Å and 1 eV respectively. If its
kinetic energy becomes 1 MeV, then its de Broglie wavelength becomes

(1) 1 Å
(2) 2 Å
(3) 5 Å
(4) 10 Å

24) The energy that should be added to an electron to reduce its de Broglie wavelength from one nm
to 0.5 nm is -

(1) Four times the initial energy

(2) Equal to the initial energy
(3) Twice the initial energy
(4) Thrice the initial energy

25) A proton accelerated through a potential difference of 800 V. To have same de-Broglie
wavelength. What potential difference must be applied across alpha particle :-

(1) 800 V
(2) 400 V
(3) 100 V
(4) 50 V

26) A nucleus breaks into two nuclear parts which have their velocity ratio equal to 2 : 1. What will
be the ratio of their nuclear size (nuclear radius).

(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

27) A stationary thoron nucleus (A = 220, Z = 90) emits an alpha particle with kinetic energy Eα.
What is the kinetic energy of the recoiling nucleus ?

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) None of these

28) In a fission reaction

, the binding energy per nucleon of X and Y is 8.5 MeV whereas of
is 7.6 MeV. The total energy liberated will be about

(1) 200 KeV

(2) 2 MeV
(3) 200 MeV
(4) 2000 MeV

29) How much mass of U235 is required per hour to operate a nuclear reactor of 5MW capacity
approx:-

(1) 400 mg
(2) 300 mg
(3) 200 mg
(4) 100 mg

30) A radioactive element A converts into element C after emitting 3α and 1β–. Another element B
converts into C by emitting 2α and 5β–. If mass number and atomic number of A and B are A1, A2 and
Z1, Z2 respectively then which of the following is correct :-

(1) Z1 – Z2 = 5
(2) A1 – A2 = 4
(3) both option (1) & (2)
(4) None of these

31)
Total disintegrated energy in this reaction is denoted by Q. Percentage of Q carried away by α
particle is :-
(1) 9.8%
(2) 98.32%
(3) 1.8%
(4) 90.12%

32) On a photosensitive surface of threshold wavelength 5λ, two different monochromatic beams of
wavelengths 3λ and λ are incident, one after another, then match the ratio of physical quantities
specified in column-I to the ratio values given in column-II.

Column-I Column-II

Maximum KE of
(a) (i) 1:3
photo electrons

Speed of incident
(b) (ii) 1:6
photons

Momentum of
(c) incident (iii) 1 :
photons

Fastest speeds of
(d) (iv) 1 : 1
photo electrons
(1) (a)-(iii), (b)-(ii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
(2) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(iii), (d)-(i)
(3) (a)-(ii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(iii)
(4) (a)-(i), (b)-(ii), (c)-(iv), (d)-(iii)

33) Assertion :- If a stationary nucleus emits an α-particle, the de Broglie wavelengths of the
daughter nucleus and the α-particle are equal.
Reason :- The magnitude of the linear momenta of the daughter nucleus and the α-particle are the
same.

(1) Both Assertion & Reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(2) Both Assertion & Reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion.
(3) Assertion is true statement but Reason is false.
(4) Both Assertion and Reason are false statements.

34) If a LED is forward biased then

(1) electrons from the n-type side cross the p-n junction and recombine with holes in the p-type side
(2) electrons and holes neutralize each other in depletion region
(3) at junction electrons and holes remain at rest
(4) none of these

35) An electric field is applied to a semiconductor. Let the number of charge carriers density is 'n'
and the average drift speed be v. If the temperature is increased :–

(1) both n and v will increase

(2) n will increase but v will decrease
(3) v will increase but n will decrease
(4) both n and v will decrease

36) The resistivity of a pure semiconductor is 0.5 Ωm. If the electron and hole mobility be 0.39 m2/V-
s and 0.19 m2/V-s respectively then calculate the intrinsic carrier concentration :

(1) 2.16 × 1019/m3

(2) 4.32 × 1019/m3
(3) 1020/m3
(4) None of these

37) A potential difference of 2V is applied between the opposite faces of a Ge crystal plate of area 1
cm2 and thickness 0.5 mm. If the concentration of electrons in Ge is 2 × 1019/m3 and mobilities of

electrons and holes are 0.36 and 0.14 respectively, then the current flowing through
the plate will be :-

(1) 0.25 A
(2) 0.45 A
(3) 0.56 A
(4) 0.64 A

38) I-V characteristic of a diode is shown in figure.

If this diode is connected across a

battery of emf 10 V and a resistance of 12 kΩ in series, the current through diode in forward bias is
nearly :

(1) 0.4 mA
(2) 0.83 mA
(3) 0.8 mA
(4) 1.2 mA

39)
If Vz = 2V then find :-

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

40)

In circuit shown the barrier voltage of diode is 0.7 V. Match the physical quantities :-

Column-I Column-II

(A) Peak current in diode (in mA) (P) 37.8

(B) Peak voltage (in volt) at the end of load (Q) 40.0

(C) Peak current (in mA) if diode is ideal (R) 20.0

(D) Peak voltage (in volt) at the ends of loads if diode is ideal (S) 18.9
(1) A → Q ; B → R ; C → P ; D → S
(2) A → P ; B → S ; C → R ; D → Q
(3) A → P ; B → S ; C → Q ; D → R
(4) A → S ; B → P ; C → Q ; D → R

41) Input A and B are given to the shown combination of logic gates :

Then, output Y is :-
(1) 1
(2) 2
(3) 3
(4) 4

42) Statement - I :- Photodiode is used in reverse bias.

Statement - II :- In reverse bias change in current is due to minority charge carrier which is visible
as current change in photodiode.

(1) Statement - I and II both are correct.

(2) Statement - I and II both are incorrect.
(3) Statement - I is correct and statement - II is incorrect.
(4) Statement - I is incorrect and statement - II is correct.

43) Which statement is correct :-

(a) In a semiconductor, the concentration of electrons is 8 × 1014/cm3 and that of the holes is 5 ×
1012 /cm3. The semiconductor is N-type
(b) Silicon is a semiconductor. If a small amount of Arsenic is added to it, then its electrical
conductivity decreases
(c) To obtain a P-type germanium semiconductor, it must be doped with Arsenic
(d) Energy bands in solids are a consequence of Pauli's exclusion principle

(1) a, c
(2) c, d
(3) b, c
(4) a, d

44) A silicon PN junction is in forward biased condition with series resistance, it has knee voltage of
0.6 V. Current flow in it is 5 mA, when PN junction is connected with 2.6V battery, the value of
series resistance is :-

(1) 100 Ω
(2) 200 Ω
(3) 400 Ω
(4) 500 Ω

45) In the following combinations of logic gates, the outputs A, B and C are respectively :-

(1) 0, 1, 1
(2) 0, 1, 0
(3) 1, 1, 0
(4) 1, 0, 1
 ANSWER KEYS

PHYSICS

Q. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
A. 2 3 4 4 1 2 2 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 3 3 4 3
Q. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
A. 3 2 2 4 3 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 1 1 2 1 4 3 1 3
Q. 41 42 43 44 45
A. 4 1 4 3 3
 SOLUTIONS

PHYSICS

1)

Let, the maximum possible charge on the individual capacitor will be

For 3 µF capacitor
(Q1)max =

For 1 µF capacitor

Therefore, to sustain the series combination with out breakdown, the common charge will
be
5mC according to 1μF with 5kV
Therefore

In series for capacitor

2)

V1 + V2 = 30V and
Hence V1 = 20V and V2 = 10V Charge on 8μF capacitor = 8μ × 20 = 160μC

3) [Assume no energy lost]

because total energy is transferred (given).

∴ × 900 × 10–6 × 1002 = × 100 × 10–6 × V2 ∴ V2 = 90000 ⇒ V = 300 Volt

4) At t = 0

At t = ∞

5)

6)

⇒
⇒ q = 20 C

7)

⇒
CT = 4μF

8) At t = 0,

it=0 =

it=0 =

9)

Initially
After connecting with uncharged 6μF capacitor

common P.D.
VC = 4V on each capacitor
Hence charge on 3μF capacitor
Q = (3μF) (4V) = 12μC
charge on 6μF capacitor
Q = (6μF) (4V) = 24μC

10)
C1V1 = C2V2
C1120 = C2 200
3C1 = 5C2
11)
Before switching

After switching

Uinitial =

then for each capacitor

12)

let V in potential difference of battery

C123 = 1μF, q123 = [Link]
q2 = VμC, q4 = CV = 4VμC

13)

14) Power = = 5 watt

Power =

15)
16)

248 nm = 1240/248 eV = 5 eV
310 nm = 1240/310 eV = 4 eV

⇒ 16 – 4W = 5 – W ⇒ 11 = 3W

17)

Kmax = hν – ϕ
2eV = hν – ϕ .....(i)
4eV = h(1.5ν) – ϕ .....(ii)
Rearrange equations,
2 + ϕ = hν
4 + ϕ = 1.5 hν
On dividing

6 + 3ϕ = 8 + 2ϕ
(ϕ = 2eV)

18) Underlying Concept: The core concept is Einstein's photoelectric effect theory, which
states that electrons absorb energy in discrete packets called photons. Each photon has
energy proportional to its frequency and electrons absorb energy from one photon at a time,
not varying continuously or depending on light intensity.
Relevant Formulas: E = hν where - E is the energy of one photon, - h is Planck's constant,
and ν is the frequency of the incident light.

19) . From the graph V2>V1

⇒ λ1 >λ2

20)

Maximum K.E. = stopping potential

maximum velocity
21) KEmax = hf – hf0

Stopping potential
Where saturation current depends only on intensity of light.

22)

23) De Broglie wavelength of a particle,

Where p is the momentum of the particle and h is the planck's constant.

Kinetic energy of the particle,

Where m is the mass of the particle

∴
Since mass of the particle remains constant

Å = 2Å

24)

The energy should be added to decrease wavelength = E' – E = 3E

25) λp = λα

V' = 100 Volt

26) m1v1 = m2v2 [By COLM]

27) → +
28)

Total energy liberated

= 8.5 MeV (117 +117) – 7.6 MeV (236)
= 1989 MeV – 1793.6 MeV
= 195.4 MeV
200 MeV

29)

m=

=
= 20 × 10–5
= 2 × 10–4 kg
= 0.2 g = 200 mg

30) For A to C
AC = A1 – 3 × 4 = A1 – 12 …(1)
For B to C
and AC = A2 – 2 × 4 = A2 – 8 …(2)
by eq (1) & (2) A1 – 12 = A2 – 8
⇒ A1 – A2 = 4 …(3)
Again for A to C
ZC = Z1 – 3 × 2 + 1 = Z1 – 5 …(4)
For B to C, ZC = Z2 – 2 × 2 + 5 = Z2 + 1 …(5)
by (4) & (5)
Z1 – 5 = Z2 + 1
Z1 – Z2 = 6 …(6)

31)
Percentage KE of α particle

32) K1 =

K2 =
(a) Ratio of KE

=1:6
(b) Ratio of speeds of incident photons

=1:1
(c) Ratio of momentum of incident photons

=1:3
(d) Ratio of fastest speed of photo electrons

33) According to the law of conservation of momentum, the total momentum before and after
decay must be equal.
Since the initial nucleus is at rest, its initial momentum is zero.
After decay, the daughter nucleus and the α-particle move in opposite directions with equal
and opposite momenta.
Since the momentum magnitudes of the daughter nucleus and the α-particle are the same,
their de Broglie wavelengths will also be equal. Thus, the reason correctly explains the
assertion that the daughter nucleus and the α-particle have equal de Broglie wavelengths after
emission.

34) Forward bias causes a force on the electrons pushing them from the N side toward the P
side. With forward bias, the depletion region is narrow enough that electrons can cross
junction into p-type material.

35) As T , collision so relaxation time↓ so vd ↓

36)

37)

I = neAυd

So I = neAμE

I = neAμ

I = 0.64 A

38) Cut in voltage of diode VC = 0.4 V

 (Forward resistance is very small in comparison to R)

I = 0.8 mA

39)
VL = Vz = 2V

iL = = 1mA
Vs = 10V – 2V = 8V

i=
iz = i – iL = 8 mA – 1mA = 7 mA

40) (A) Peak current in diode

= = 37.8 mA
(B) Peak voltage across the load
= (37.8 mA) × 500 Ω = 18.9 V
(C) Peak current (if diode is ideal)

= = 40 mA
(D) Peak voltage across the load (diode ideal)
= 40 mA × 500 = 20 V

41)

A B A+B Y=

1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
0 0 0 1

X= =A+B
Y= NOR gate
So 0 to 4 A + B = 1, y = 0
between 4 to 5 A = 0, B = 0,
X = 0, Y = 1

42)

Statement I is correct because photodiodes are used in reverse bias to detect light.
Statement II is also correct because in reverse bias, light generates electron-hole pairs,
increasing current via minority carriers.
Final answer : 1

43)

(a) ne = 8 × 1014/cm3
nh = 5 × 1012/cm3
∵ ne >> nH ⇒ N type
(b) After doping with arsenic, S.C. conductivity increases.
(c) For P type S.C., It must be doped with trivalent impurity.
(d) Correct statement because when many atoms come close in a solid, their electron energy
levels overlap, Because of pauli's exclusion principle no two electrons can share the same
quantum state, so the levels split into many closely spaced levels. These closely spaced levels
form energy bonds.

44)

∴R=
R = 400 Ω

45)
A= if x = 1 & y =1 then A = 1

= x + y if x = 0 & y = 1 ⇒ B = 1

C=