SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 1/40

Section – A 2 Marks Questions

[QUESTIONS 1 TO 28] [PAGE 1 TO 3]

Q1. How a catch block is defined?

Ans. The following statement is used to define catch block in java.
catch(ExceptionClass object)
{
Body of catch block
}
Q2. What is a class?
Ans. Class is blue print or a template that can use to store properties of the object and
accessible with help of object methods store in the class.
Q3. What is a method?
Ans. Methods are used for message passing and provide functionality to handle class
objects. The properties of the object stored in the class can be modified with the help
of methods. These objects work on the specific contract and that contract tells the
purpose of that method.
Q4. Is it necessary to catch all type of exception?
Ans. Yes, it is necessary to catch all type of exception to get accurate result from the
program. Although there is an exception that we can’t handle is StackOverflow
exception in our program.
Q5. Identify correctly constructed package declarations, import statements, and
method declarations.
Ans. Package packagename; is correct package declaration
import packagename.*; or import [Link] ; is the correct import
statement.
public /private methodname([argumentlist]) is correct declaration for methods.
Q6. What is the relationship between the Canvas class and the Graphics class?
Ans. Graphics and Canvas class are defined under the same package called AWT.
Canvas class is extended to create layout where we can draw something and
Graphics class provides the method to draw something on the canvas.
Q7. Differentiate between Component and Container?
Ans. Component is an abstract class that encapsulates all of the attributes of a visual
component. All user interface elements that are displayed on the screen and that
interact with user.
Container classes provide container to the components where we can place different
Components. All the Containers like window, panel, Frame, all are the sub classes of
container class.
Q8. What are adapter classes?
Ans. Java provides a special feature called an adapter class that can simplify the creation
of event handlers. Adapter classes are useful when you want to receive only some of
the events that are handled by a particular event listener.
Q9. How can you display a message on the status bar of an applet window?
Ans. Using showStatus() method of applet class.
Q10. What is the use of getDocumentBase() and getCodeBase() methods?
Ans. Java provides the facility to applet to load data from the directory holding the HTML
file that started the applet and the directory from which the applet’s class file was
loaded. These directory are retruned as URL objects by getDocumentBase() and
getCodeBase() methods.
Q11. List all the event provided by awt. event package.
Ans. ActionEvent, ContainerEvent , FocusEvent , ComponentEvent
InputEvent, ItemEvent, KeyEvent, MouseEvent , TextEvent, WindowEvent.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 2/40

Q12. What is the difference between Choice and List?

Ans.
Choice List
Choice creates a popup List from which List create a list having scrollbars and u
You can select only single item at a time Can select multiple items at a time.

Only shows u the selected item U can view all the item whether it is
selected or deselected.

Q13. Can you overload a constructor? If yes, how?

Ans. Yes, we can overload the constructors. To overload the constructor, we must have
different list of parameters in every constructor definition.
Q14. Explain the five rules for using across attributes.
Ans.
1. Public data is defined by public keyword so that it can be used by any package.
2. To defined private data private keyword is used so that data can not be used
outside the class.
3. Default Access specification need not to be defined with any data type.
4. To define protected members so that these members of the class can be
extended by the subclasses of same and different packages.
Q15. How do you compile and run applet?
Ans. To compile an applet the javac appletname command is used.
To run the applet appletviewer command is used.
Q16. Give two examples of event.
Ans. ActionEvent
Item Event
Q17. What are exceptions in java?
Ans. Exceptions in java are used to handle errors. All the exceptions in java extends
Exception Class.
Q18. What is a HTML tag?
Ans. <HTML> tag is an element of html file that tells us the beginning of html code block
and ends with closing html tag </HTML>. It help us to put various components of the
web page and create a file known as HTML file.
Q19. Explain which components and containers are supported by the AWT.
Ans. Different types of containers and components are supported by AWT. Like Applet,
Frame and Panels comes under container category and Label, TextField, Buttons,
Menus and many more form designing components.
Q20. Illustrate how components and containers are assembled into applets and
applications.
Ans. Components are added to containers and then container can be added to the applet
or application.
E.g.
TextField t=new TextField();
Button b=new Button(“click me”);
Panel p=new Panel();
[Link](t);
[Link](b);
add(p)
Q21. Explain which classes and interfaces support layouts and event handling.
Ans. All LayoutManager classes provides the different layout to arrange component in the
container. These classes are FlowLayout, GridLayout, BorderLayout, CardLayout
Event handling is provided by different event classes to handle these events. Java
also provides interfaces and support event delegation model. These classes and
interfaces are
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 3/40

Classes
ActionEvent, MouseEvent, AdjustmentEvent, KeyEvent , FocusEvent, ItemEvent etc.
Interfaces
ActionListener, MouseMotionListener, MouseListener, AdjustmentListener,
KeyListener, FocusListener, ItemListener etc.
Q22. Describe how layout managers simplify the process of organizing GUI
components.
Ans. Layout managers provided by the java helps to organize the components on
container. Different types of Layout managers provide different types of layout to
place the components. User can choose according his requirement.
Q23. Why can’t my applet connect via sockets, or bind to a local port and what are
socket option, and why should I use them?
Ans. Applets are the small program executed on client machine by the server. But these
are not connected with the socket because applet is more secure program provided
by java. Once it launch from the server machine to client no transaction is possible
from server to client. No additional information we can send. So we cannot attach
Socket to the applet.
Applets are used for secure, small animation or dynamic messages on the web page.
Q24. Define Panel.
Ans. The Panel class is a concrete sub class of container. It doesn’t add any new
methods; It simply implements Container. A Panel may be thought of as a recursively
nestable, concrete screen component. It is super class of Applet. It is a window that
does not contain a title bar, menu bar , or border.
Q25. What is Frame ?
Ans. It is a sub class of Window and has a title bar, menu bar, border and resizing
corners. When we create a Frame object within an Applet a warning message appear
commonly Frames are used to implement Application programming using awt
controls.
Q26. What are Dialog Boxes?
Ans. A Dialog box is used to hold a set of related controls. Dialog boxes are primarily used
to obtain user input. They are similar to frame window, except that dialog boxes are
always child windows of a top-level window.
Q27. What is File Dialog?
Ans. Java provides a built in dialog box that lets the user specify a file this is called
FileDialog box.. To create Filedialog box, instantiate an object of type FileDialog. This
causes the File dialog to be displayed.
Q28. How an Image can be loaded on the Applet window?
Ans. To load the Image on the Applet window the getImage method is defined by the
applet class. It has the following forms.
Image getImage(URL url);
Image getImage(URL url, String imageName)
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 4/40

Section – A 5 Marks Questions

[QUESTIONS 1 TO 21] [PAGE 4 TO 14]

Q1. How does applets differ from application program? Why do applet class need
to be declared as public? Write the applet tag with arguments.
Ans.
Applet Application
1. Applet executes on web browser 1. Executes on Command prompt
2. No need of main function to 2. Every application program need to
execute. define main () function in the program
3. No command line argument is 3. We can pass command line
passed. arguments in an application
4. A fast and small program 4. Program those does not support
executed on the internet. web browsers

Applet class need to declare public because applets are launched by the applet tag
and that tag can be defined within the same program and in different .html files. It is
declared public because it can be called outside the package in which it is declared.
<applet code=[Link] height=200 width=200>
<param name=”name” value=”raj”>
<param name=”rollno” value=1>
<param name=”class” value=12>
</applet>
Q2. Write an applet that takes an integer and reverse that egg. 756 to 657.
Ans.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
public class app1 extends Applet implements ActionListener
{
/*<applet code=app1 height=200 width=200></applet> */
TextField t,t1;
Label l,r;
Button b;
public void init()
{
l=new Label("Enter no");
r=new Label("Result");
t=new TextField(10);
t1=new TextField(10);
b=new Button("click");
add(l);
add(t);
add(r);
add(t1);
add(b);
[Link](this);
}
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent g)
{
String s=[Link]();
int i=[Link](s);
int r1=0;
while(i>0)
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 5/40

{
r1=r1*10+i%10;
i/=10;
}
[Link](" "+r1);
}
}
Q3. Write a Java program to create a Fibonacci series.
Ans.
class feb
{
public static void main(String ap[])
{
int a=1,b=0,c=0;
while(c<=21)
{
[Link](c);
c=a+b;
a=b;
b=c;
}.
}
Q4. What do you mean by Layout Manager? What are the various types of Layout?
Ans. A layout refers to arranging and placing of the component in container. A Layout
manager will determines how components will be arranged when they are added to a
container.
Types of Layout
1. FlowLayout: - The default layout of the container. The FlowLayout class is the
simplest of layout manager. It layouts the components in similar way as Word place
data in there pages. It provides the following constructor
FlowLayout(), FlowLayout([Link]);
2. GridLayout: - The GridLayout manager arranges components into a grid of rows
and columns. Components are added first to the top row of the grid.
The following constructor are provided by GridLayout
GridLayout(),GridLayout(row,col), GridLayout(row,col,hrz,vert);
3. BorderLayout: - Divide the container into five different section these sections are .
SOUTH, EAST, WEST, NORTH, CENTER.
Provide two constructors
BorderLayout()
BorderLayout(int,int);
4. CardLayout: - In CardLayout the components are arranged in the card style and
some of the components can be hidden or viewed using this layout. In this layout
other layout can be mixed to manage different container components inside the main
container.
Q5. Write an application/applet to implement the binary search technique.
Ans. class xyz
{
public static void main(String ap[])
{
int t=0, beg=0,end=7,mid=0,i,f=0,j,a[]={5,2,3,4,5,7,9,23},item;
end=[Link]-1;
for(i=0;i<[Link];i++)
{
for(j=i+1;j<[Link];j++)
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{
if(a[i]>a[j])
{
t=a[i];
a[i]=a[j];
a[j]=t;
}
}
}
item=4;
mid=(beg+mid)/2;
while(beg<=end)
{
if(a[mid]==item)
{
f=1;
break;
}
else if(item>a[mid])
beg=mid+1;
else
end=mid-1;
}

if(f==1)
[Link](mid);
else
[Link]("no match found");
}
}
Q6. Write an applet, which takes the input, and compute the factorial.
Ans.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
public class fact1 extends Applet implements ActionListener
{
/*<applet code=fact1 height=200 width=300></applet> */
Label l,l1;
TextField t,t1;
Button b;
public void init()
{
l=new Label("enter number for factorial");
l1=new Label("result");
t=new TextField(10);
t1=new TextField(10);
b=new Button("factorial");
add(l);
add(t);
add(l1);
add(t1);
add(b);
[Link](this);
}
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public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)

{
String s=[Link]();
int n=[Link](s);
int f=1;
while(n>1)
{
f=f*n;
n--; }
[Link](""+f);
} }
Q7. What do you mean by AWT? What components and containers are used by
AWT?
Ans. AWT stands for abstract widows toolkit. It is one of the package defined in java which
provides the graphical user interface defining different types of containers and
components implementing different types of listeners for event handling. In the AWT
class hierarchy component class is at the top of all classes , container comes after
then window and panel classes.
AWT used different types of containers and components.
Containers:
[Link] [Link] [Link]
Components:
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
Q8. What do you mean by java’s event delegation model?
Ans. The [Link] package defines a rich hierarchy of event types. Through this
package, instances of various event classes are constructed when users use GUI
components. It is up to the programmer to decide how to handle the event that is
generated. When a user clicks on a button, the system constructs an instance of the
class ActionEvent, in which it stores detail about the event. At that point the
programmer has the three options:
1. Ignore the event
2. Have the event handle components
3. Delegate event handling to some other objects called listeners.
Java defines different types of Event classes in [Link] package to handle
different events. These events are as listed below
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link]. [Link] [Link]
To implement these events on the different controls java provides different types of
listener in the same package
1. ActionListener [Link] [Link] [Link]
[Link] [Link] [Link] [Link] etc.
Q9. Write an application program to print 1 to 100.
Ans. class my
{ public static void main(String ap[])
{
int n,i,f=0;
for(n=1;n<=100;n++)
{ f=0;
for(i=2;i<n&&f==0;i++)
{
if(n%i==0)
f=1; }
if(f==0)
[Link](“ “+n);
} } }
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 8/40

Q10. Write a program to display current system time on the Left hand corner of the
GUI application.
Ans. import [Link].*;
import [Link]. *;
class My frame extends Frame
{
Date d;
String s = “ ”;
public Myframe()
{
d= new Date ();
st = [Link]() + “:” + [Link]() + “:” + [Link]();
}
public void paint (Graphics g)
{
[Link] (“current time:” + s, 0,0);
}
}
class M
{
public state void main (String up [])
{
Myframe f = new Myframe ();
[Link] (100,200);
[Link] (true);
}
}
Q11. Write a program to draw parallogram.
Ans.
import [Link]. *;
import [Link]. *;
class pr extends Applet
{
public void init()
{
int x[] = {10,100,150,50};
int y[] = {10,10,100,100};
[Link] (x,y,z);
}
}
Q12. What is Event Handling?
Ans. Almost all programs must respond to commands from the user in order to be useful.
Java's AWT uses event driven programming to achieve processing of user actions:
one that underlies all modern window systems programming. Within the AWT, all
user actions belong to an abstract set of things called events. An event describes, in
sufficient detail, a particular user action. Rather than the program actively collecting
user-generated events, the Java run time notifies the program when an event occurs.
Programs that handles user interaction in this fashion are said to be event driven.
There are three parts to the event model in Java:
Event object - this is an instance of a Java class that contains the characteristics of
the event. For example, if the event is generated from clicking a mouse button, the
event object would contain information such as the coordinates of the mouse cursor,
which button was clicked, how many times it was clicked, etc.
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Dispatching class/method - this is an object, which detects that an event has

occurred and is then responsible for notifying other objects of the event, passing the
appropriate event object to those objects. These other objects are "listeners" for the
event. Most AWT components, such as Button, List, TextField, etc. are examples of
dispatching classes.
A Button, for instance, is capable of notifying other components when it is "pushed."
These classes will typically have a set of two methods that can be invoked by would-
be "listeners": one to tell the class that the object wants to listen and another to tell
the class that the object no longer wants to listen.
These methods are conventionally named i.e. addxxListener (to add an object as a
listener) or removexxListener (to remove the object as a listener). Here ‘xx’ is the
specific type of event to listen for. In the case of the Button, this would be "Action" to
indicate the action of pushing the button. (So the methods would be
addActionListener and removeActionListener).
Listener Interface - for the dispatching to work properly, the dispatching class must
be able to rely on each of its listeners to contain the method that it executes when the
event occurs. This is easily accomplished in Java through the use of an Interface
class. The important point is that a class, which is going to be a listener, must
implement that interface.
Q13. What advantages do java’s Layout Managers provides over traditional
windowing system?
Ans. Layout Mangers in java provides us the way to arrange components in windows
programming or applet programming. There are different types of layout Manager
provided by java using [Link] package.
1. Flow Layout
2. BorderLayout.
3. GridLayout.
4. Cardlayout.
Layout Manager helps us to place the components on the container, as we want to
place. Every layout provides different types of style, to place the components and
make easy to arrange component on traditional windowing system.
 Flow layout is the difficult layout Manager for java window application.
 Using layout managers we can align components to left and right.
 Using Layout Manager we can place different component in different position like
center, left, top, right and bottom. For this we can use, BorderLayout.
 Required components can be hidden using CardLayout.
 Components can be arranged in tabular form using GridLayout.
Q14. Describe how layout managers simplify the process of organizing GUI
components.
Ans. A layout refers to arranging and placing of the components in a container, much like
arranging the furniture in a house. To design a user interface, a programmer has to
specify row, column, position of all the objects used in the interface. Based on this
input the programming environment will create the user interface and display it on
screen.
A Layout Manager determines how components will be arranged when they are
added to a container. Different types of LayoutManager provide different type of
Layout setting. These are of followings.
1. FlowLayout: - FlowLayout Manager, which is the default Layout for applet
window, place the components on the window as they are added on the window. We
specify the alignment of these components as left, right or center.
2. GridLayout: - GridLayout Manager divide the whole area of the window into rows
and columns to display the components in matrix form with specified space distance
the components.
3. BorderLayout: - Divide the whole window into different border like North, East,
South , West and Center. The specified is displayed on the specified area.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 10/40

4. CardLayout: - To view the specified component on the top of the other

components.
Q15. Explain how listeners and adapters are used to implement the event-delegation
model.
Ans. Listener: -A Listener object can listen object and passing the event object to the
method as an argument. A Listener object can listen for events for a particular object.
Just a single button for instance, Or it can listen for several different objects. This
mechanism for handling events using listeners is very flexible, and very efficient,
particularly for GUI events. Any number of listeners can receive a particular event.
However, a particular event is only passed to the listener that have registered to
receive it, so interested parties are involved in responding to each event. This is the
way in which events are handled in java, using listener objects and it provides event
delegation model.
Adapter classes: - Java provides a special feature called an adapter class that can
simplify the creation of event handlers in certain situations. An adapter class provides
an empty implementation of all methods in an event listener interface. Adapter
classes are useful when you want to receive and process only some of the events
that are handled by a particular event listener interface. You can define a new class
to act as an event listener by extending one of the adapter classes and implementing
only those events in which you are interested. Which helps you implements partial
listener interface in this way adapter classes provides event delegation model to
delegate the listener object.
Q16. Illustrate how components and containers are assembled into applets and
applications.
Ans. Panel class, which is the sub class of container, a window that does not contain a
title bar, menu bar, or border. Can contain different components those are assembled
on applet window.
Following example will show you how component and container are assembled on
the applet window.
In this example there are two text fields and button placed on the panel and panel is
added on applet window.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
public class myapp extends Applet
{
TextField t,t1;
Button b;
public void init()
{
t=new TextField(10);
t1=new TextField(10);
b=new Button(“ok”);
Panel p=new Panel();
[Link](t);
[Link](t1);
[Link](b);
add(p);
}
}

Q17. Describe how a client applet or application read a file from a server through a
URL connection?
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 11/40

Ans. In java we can create application for web page and application for single Machine.
The application for Web page is created with the help of applet and application using
the [Link] Frame.
In java we can create two types of applets.
1. Local
2. Remote

Local applet means: - Clients and server program both are on the same machine.

Remote applet means: - Applet is available on the different machine (on the server)
and client requests for that applet from different machine. These diagrams show the
local and Remote applets.

Local Computer

Loading Remote Applet

Internet
Client

Client Remote applet Server

To access the remote applet we have to specify the URL address in CODEBASE
attribute of the applet tag on the client machine.
E.g.
<applet code = Applet class Codebase= [Link]
Q18. Define life cycle of an applet.
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Ans. The life cycle of an applet consists of initialization, starting, stopping, destroying,
painting etc.
1. Initialization: - initialization occurs when the applet is first loaded . The
initialization of an applet might include reading and parsing any parameters of the
applet, creating any helper objects it needs, setting up an initial state, or loading
images or fonts. To control the behavior of the applet, override the init() method in
the applet class.
public void init() { }
2. Starting
After an applet is initialized it starts. Starting is different from initialization because it
can happen many times during an applet’s lifetime, whereas initialization happens
only once. Starting an also occur if the applet was previously stopped.
Public void start(){}
3. Stopping
Stopping and starting go hand by hand, stopping occurs when the reader leaves the
page that contains a currently running objects, or by calling the stop() method. By
default when the reader leaves a page, any threads the applet had started will
continue running by overriding the stop(). One can suspend the execution of these
threads and then restart them if the applet is viewed again.
public void stop(){ }
4. Destroying
Destroying enables the applet perform a clean up job just before it is destroyed or the
browser exits. This object is to destroy an applet from the memory.
5. Painting
Painting is the way an applet actually draws something on the screen, any drawing
object or text can be placed on the screen using draw object painting may occur
number of times during an applets life cycle. It can be called again and again by
using repaint().
Q19. What is advantage of the event delegation model over the earlier event
inheritance model?
Ans. Event delegation is the process to delegate any event to the function means:- events
are handled using different function defined in a listener.
There are numbers of benefits of event delegations model.
1. Different events are categories in different listener Interfaces.
2. By delegating the events to the listener interfaces now we can use these
events to window programming classes. Without delegation it is very difficult
to extend multiple classes.
3. By delegating events any member of listener can receive that event.
4. But any event is only passed to the listener that has registered to receive it.
5. We can also restrict the programmers to use all type of methods in a listener.
Q20. Design a java applet that tries to delete a file on the local file system. This
program demonstrates that when the applet tries to delete a file on the local
system, it throws on security exception.
Ans. import java. Applet.*;
import [Link].*;
import java. [Link]. *;
public class Delfile extends Applet implements Action Listener
{
TextField t;
Button b;
File d; Label l;
public void init ()
{
l= new label (“file deleted”);
t = new TextField (ion);
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 13/40

b= new Button (“Delete”);

add (t);
add (b);
add(i);
[Link] (this);
}

public void action performed (Action Event e)

{
f = new File ([Link]());
try
{
Boolean bi;
B1 = fidelity ();
[Link] ([Link]() + b1);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
[Link] (“unable to delete”);
}
}
Q21. How an applet is developed with threads? Explain with example.
Ans. Threads are used with applets to develop any animated applet. The following applet
will display the scrolling banner this applet scrolls a message from right to left.
import [Link].*;
import [Link].*;
/*<applet code=”SimpleBanner” width=300 height=50>
</applet>*/

public class SimpleBanner extends Applets implements Runnable

{
String msg=” A Simple Moving Banner”;
Thread t=null;
int state;
boolean stopflag;
public void init()
{
setBackground([Link]);
setForeground([Link]);
}
public void start()
{
t=new Thread(this);
stopflag=false;
[Link]();
}

public void run()

{
char ch;
for( ; ; )
{
try
{
repaint();
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[Link](250);
ch=[Link](0);
msg=[Link](1,[Link]());
msg+=ch;
if(stopflag)
break;
}
catch(InterruptedException e){}
}
}
public void stop()
{
Stopflag=true;
t=null;
}
public void paint(Graphics g)
{
[Link](msg,50,50);
}
}
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 15/40

Section – B 2 Marks Questions

[QUESTIONS 1 TO 35] [PAGE 15 TO 18]

(Java I/O Handling, MultiThreading, Socket Programming)

Q1. Define socket?
Ans. Sockets are used to connect the system in the network. These sockets are not
similar to the network sockets. Various plugs around the network have a standard
way of delivering their payload. Anything that understands the standard protocol can
‘plug in’ to the socket and communicate.
Q2. Define client/server architecture?
Ans. The term client/server mentioned in the context of networking. A server is anything
that has some resource that can be shared by client.
A client is simply any other entity that wants to gain access a particular server.
Q3. What are reserve Sockets?
Ans. Reserve sockets are the sockets those are reserved for specific type of transaction
for example port number 21 is for FTP, 23 is for Telnet, 25 for email, 79 is for finger,
80 is for HTTP, 119 is for Netnews etc.
Q4. What do mean by proxy server?
Ans. A proxy server act as the client side of a protocol to another server. This is often
required when clients have certain restrictions on which servers they can connect
to .A proxy server has the additional ability to filter certain request or cache the
results of those request.
Q5. What is the cause of a NoRouteToHost exception?
Ans. NoRouteToHost exception appear when client socket is unable to create link with the
server socket. There is another exception raised known as, UnKnownHostException.
Q6. Define PrintWriter class.
Ans. PrintWriter class provided by [Link] package which is the sub class of Writer class
use to handle character stream can also used with servlet to create response for
clients. The object of the PrinterWriter class is initialized with the constructor of
PrintWriter or getWriter() method of request object.
Q7. Define TCP/IP socket.
Ans. TCP/IP socket are used to implements reliable, bi-directional, persistent, point to
point, stream-based connection between host on the internet. It can be used to
connect Java’s I/O system to other programs that may reside either on the local
machine or any other machine on the Internet.
Q8. Why an UnknownHostException is generated?
Ans. An UnknowHostException is generated when two client machines are connected with
server using socket and the socket does not locate server machine address or wrong
server address is described in the client program.
Q9. Name the package provides all the classes and interface to interact with
sockets.
Ans. [Link]
Q10. Why the ServerSocket is defined? How it is differ from normal socket?
Ans. ServerSocket is created using ServerSocket class to describe a server that can listen
either local or remote client program to connect to them on published ports. It is quite
different from the normal socket because it registers itself with the system as having
an interest in the client connection.
Q11. What is difference between TCP/IP and UDP protocol?
Ans. TCP/IP is higher-level protocol that manages to robustly string together then sorting
and retransmitting them as necessary to reliably transmit your data. But User
Datagram Protocol is connectionless fast, unreliable transport of packets.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 16/40

Q12. What is Secure Socket Layer(SSL)?

Ans. Secure Socket Layer is the layer which implements reliable, bi-directional, persistent,
point to point, stream based connections between hosts. TCP/IP protocol is one of
the protocol that use secure socket layer.
Q13. What is Datagram in Socket programming?
Ans. Datagrams are the packet of information send by the server to the client using UDP
(Unreliable datagram protocol). UDP protocol is not responsible for information send
by the server to client , whether is received by client on not.
Q14. Define URLConnection class.
Ans. URLConnection is a general- purpose class for accessing the attributes of a remote
resource. Once you make a connection to a remote server , you can use
URLConnection to inspect the properties of the remote object before actually
transporting it locally. These attributes are exposed by the HTTP protocol
specification.
Q15. How proxy server is helpful to speed up process from client side?
Ans. A proxy server speaks the client side of a protocol to another server. This is often
required when clients have certain restrictions on which servers they can connect to
a proxy server has the additional ability to filter certain request or cache the results of
those request.
Q16. Define DNS.
Ans. DNS stands for Domain Naming Service . in network four number in IP address
describe a network hierarchy from left to right , the name provided to that IP address
is called Domain Name. The process to the Domain Name to the IP address is called
Domain Naming Services.
Q17. Name the package used to transact data using sockets.
Ans. [Link]
Q18. Why the ServerSocket is define and how it is differ from normal socket?
Ans. ServerSocket is created using ServerSocket class to describe a server that can listen
either local or remote client programs to connect to them on published ports. It is
quite different from the normal socket because it registers itself with the system as
having an interest in the client connection.
Q19. When will you use buffered I/O streams?
Ans. Java programs perform I/O through streams. A stream is an abstraction that either
produces or consumes information. A stream is linked to a physical device by the
java I/O system. All streams behave in the same manner, even if the actual physical
devices to which they are linked differ. The same I/O classes and methods can be
applied to any type of device. An input stream can abstract many different kinds of
input: from a disk file, a keyboard, or a network socket. An output stream may refer to
the console, a disk file or a network connection.
Q20. What is the purpose of HTTP tunneling?
Ans. Purpose of HTTP tunneling is to expose the attributes defined under the URL so that
the remote objects are recognized on the remote machines.
Q21. How do we start a thread?
Ans. To start a thread in java there is method start() provided by the java Thread class is
used. If thread is temporarily stop using suspend() can resume again using resume()
method or notify() method.
Q22. What is the use of sleep() in thread programming?
Ans. sleep() is the static method provided by java Thread class. Used to temporarily
suspend a thread for specified period of time after that the thread will resume again.
Q23. Define Serialization.
Ans. Serialization is the process of writing the state of object to a byte stream. This is
useful when you want to save the state of your program to a persistent storage area,
such as file. At a later time, you may restore these objects by using the process of
deserialization.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 17/40

Q24. Define BufferedWriter class.

Ans. A BufferedWriter is a Writer that adds a flush() method that can be used to ensure
that data buffers are physically written to the actual output stream. Using a
BufferedWriter can increase performance by reducing the number of times data is
actually physically written to the output stream.
Q25. What is FileWriter?
Ans. FileWriter creates a Writer that you can use to write a file. Its most commonly used
constructors
FileWriter(String filepath)
FileWriter(String filepath, Boolean append)
FileWriter(File obj)
Q26. Define FileReader.
Ans. The FileReader class creates a Reader that you can use to read the contents of a
file. Its two most commonly used constructors are
FileReader(String filepath)
FileReader(File fobj)
Q27. How data can read or write randomly in the file?
Ans. RandomAccessFile object is used to read or write data randomly in the file. It
implements the interface DataInput and DataOutput , which define the basic I/O
methods. It also supports positioning requests.
RandomAccessFile has the following constructors
RandomAccessFile(File fileobj, String access) throw IOException
RandomAccessFile(File filename, String access) throw IOException
Q28. Define PrintStream class?
Ans. PrintStream class provides all of the formatting capabilities we have been using from
the System file handle, PrintStream class has two constructors
PrintStream(OutputStream outputstream)
PrintStream(OutputStream outputstream, boolean flushonnewline)
Q29. Why the SequenceInputStream is useful?
Ans. The SequenceInputStream class allows you to concatenate multiple InputStreams.
The construction of SequenceInputStream is different from any other InputStream. A
SequenceInputStream constructor uses either a pair of InputStreams or an
Enumeration of InputStream as it arguments.
Q30. What is BufferedInputStream?
Ans. Buffereing I/O is a very common performance optimization . Java ‘s
BufferedInputStream class allows you to “wrap” any InputStream into a buffered
stream and achieve this performance improvement.
BufferedInputStream has two constructors
BufferedInputStream(InputStream inputstream)
BufferedInputStream(InputStream inputstream, int bufsize)
Q31. What do you mean by Thread Priority?
Ans. Thread Priorities are used by the thread scheduler to decide when each thread
should be allowed to run. The higher priority that get more CPU time than lower-
priority threads. The amount of CPU time that a thread gets often depends on several
factors. To set the thread priority the setPriority() method is used. Three types of
levels we can specify as a parameter in this methods. These levels are 1
MIN_PRIORITY 2. MAX_PRIORITY 3. NORM_PRIORITY.
Q32. What is use of IsAlive() and join() methods in thread?
Ans. The isAlive() method returns true if the thread upon which it is called is still running
otherwise it return false.
Join() method waits until the thread on which it is called terminates. Its name comes
from the concept of the calling thread waiting until the specified thread joins it.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 18/40

Q33. What is main thread?

Ans. When a java program starts up ,one thread begins running immediately . this is
usually called the main thread of your program , because it is the one that is
executed when your program begins. It is important for two reasons.
1. It is the thread from which other child threads will spawned
2. It must be the last thread to finish execution. When the main thread stops, your
program terminates.
Q34. What is thread based multi tasking?
Ans. A Thread based multitasking is the process in which the thread is smallest unit of
dispatch able code. This means that a single program can perform two or more tasks
simultaneously. Using the single process space.
Q35. What is an Exception?
Ans. An exception is an abnormal condition that arises in a code sequence at run time. An
exception is a run-time error. To execute the program successfully in computer
languages these exception must be handled.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 19/40

Section – B 5 Marks Questions

[QUESTIONS 1 TO 24] [PAGE 19 TO 29]

(Java I/O Handling, MultiThreading, Socket Programming)

Q1. What are the differences between Thread class and Runnable interface ? Give
example also.
Ans. Thread: - In java multithreading programming can be created by extending the
Thread class and creating the object of that class. The extending class must override
the run() method which is the entry point for the new thread. It must also call start() to
begin execution of the new thread.
Runnable: - implementing Runnable interface is the another method to create a
multithreaded program .Runnable abstracts a unit of executable code. To implement
Runnable, a class need only implement a single method called run().
The Thread class defines several methods that can be overridden by a derived class.
Of these methods, the only one that must be overridden is run(). The same method
required when Runnable interface has to be implemented.
Thread class should be extended only when they are being enhanced or modified in
some way. If any of the Threads and other methods are not overridden then
Runnable interface is best.
Example of interface
class mythread implements Runnable
{
Thread t;
mythread()
{
t=new Thread(this, ”Demo thread”);
[Link](“child thread”+t);
[Link]();
}
public void run()
{
try{
for(int I=5;I>0;I--)
{
[Link](“chaild thread :”+I);
[Link](500);
}
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
[Link](“child interrupted.”);
}
[Link](“exiting child thread”);
}
}
class yourthread
{
public static void main(String ap[])
{
new mythread();
try
{
for(int I=5;I>0;I--)
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 20/40

{
[Link](“main tthread “+I);
[Link](1000);
}
}catch(Exception e){}
}
}
Thread class
class mythread extends Thread
{
mythread()
{
super(“demo thread”);
[Link](“child thread”+this);
start();
}
public void run()
{
try{for(int I>5;I>0;I--)
{
[Link](“child thread”+I);
[Link](1000);
}
catch(Exception e){}
}
}}
class you
{
public static void main(String ap[])
{new mythread();
try{
for(int I=5;I>0;I--)
{
[Link](“main Thread”+I);
[Link](1000);
}
}
catch(Exception e){}
}}
Q2. Distinguish between preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling. Which does
Java use?
Ans. Preemptive Scheduling: - In preemptive scheduling of threads a higher priority
thread will run when it wants to be run by suspending the running thread. This feature
is also called preemptive multitasking.
Non-preemptive Scheduling: - In non-preemptive scheduling of threads, a running
thread will finish their job and then after a next thread can start running.
Java support preemptive Scheduling. A higher priority thread gets more CPU timing
so that it can interrupt the running thread. But java also provides Synchronization to
reduce the asynchronous behavior of the program by implementing the monitor. This
is the process in which when a thread enters to the monitor all other threads must
wait until that thread exits the monitor.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 21/40

Q3. What do you mean by scheduling? How thread scheduling takes place?
Ans. Scheduling is the process to specify which thread will work at what time and how
much CPU timing is given to each thread. In operating system there are two types of
multitasking:
Pre-emptive
non-preemptive.
In preemptive multi-tasking a thread can be suspended by the higher priority thread.
And can be resumed again after the thread’s job completion.
Non-preemptive multitasking a thread have to wait until the first thread complete its
job.
Thread scheduling take place with the help of method define under the thread class
name sleep() that will suspend the current thread and schedule the higher priority
thread.
Q4. What is a stream class? How are the stream classes classified?
Ans. A stream in Java is a path along which data flows. It has a source and destination.
Both the source and the destination may be physical devices or programs or other
steams in the same program.
In java stream classes are categorized into two groups based on the data type on
which they operate.
1 ByteStream classes
2. Character Stream classes
Byte Stream classes have been designed to provide functional feature for creating
and manipulating streams and files for reading writing bytes. These streams are uni-
directional; they can transmit bytes in only one direction. There are two kinds of byte
stream classes: Input stream classes an Output stream classes.
Character Stream classes were not a part of the language when it was released.
They were added later when the version 1.1 was announced. Character streams can
be used to read and write 16 bit Unicode characters. There are two kinds of
character stream classes, namely, Reader stream classes and Writer stream
classes.
Q5. Write statements to create data streams for writing primitive data to a file.
Ans. import [Link].*;
class my
{
public static void main(String ap[]) throws IOException
{
File prim=new File(“[Link]”);
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(prim);
DataOutputStream d=new DataOutputStream(fos);
[Link](120);
d.,writeDouble(34.56);
[Link](false);
[Link](‘x’);
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
Q6. How I/O is accomplished using input stream OutputStream, Reader and Writer
classes?
Ans. InputStream is an abstract class that defines java’s model of steaming byte input. all
of methods in this class will throw an IOException or error conditions. It provides
different methods to handle input
Int available(), void close(), void mark(int numBytes), Boolean markSupported(), int
read(), void reset()
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 22/40

OutputStream: - OutputStream is an abstract class that defines streaming byte

output. All of the methods in the class return void value and throw IOException in the
case of error. Methods of OutputStream.
void close(),void flush(),void write(int b).
Reader: - Reader is an abstract class that defines java ‘s model of streaming
character input. All of the methods in this class will throw an IOException on error
condition.
abstract void close(),void mark(int numchars), boolean markSupported()
int read(),void reset()
Writer: - Writer is an abstract class that defines streaming character output. All of the
methods in the class return a void value and throw an IOException in the case of
errors.
Q7. Define Thread Priority and Synchronization in java.
Ans. ThreadPriority: -Java assigns to each thread a priority that determines how that
thread should be treated with respect to the others. Thread priorities are integers that
specify the relative priority of one thread to another. A higher priority thread doesn’t
run any faster than a lower –priority thread .it is used to decide when to switch from
one thread to the next. This process is called context switching.
Synchronization: - Multithreading programming introduces asynchronous behavior
means a thread can be interrupted by the another thread at any time, but some time
It will create some problems e.g. you must prevent one thread from writing data while
another thread is in the middle of reading it. In this situation there is a need of
synchronization, which provided by monitor. The monitor is the small box can store
single thread at a time when a thread enters in the monitor no other thread can
interrupt it until it exits from the monitor. But java has no monitor class instead each
object has its own implicit monitor that is automatically entered when one of the
object’s synchronized methods called once thread is inside a synchronized method
no other thread can call any other synchronized method code.
Q8. Explain DeadLock in java.
Ans. A special type of error that you need to avoid that relates specifically to multitasking
is deadlock it occurs when two thread have a circular dependency on a pair of
synchronized objects. E.g suppose one thread enter the monitor on object x and
another thread enter the monitor on object y. if x tries to call any other synchronized
method on y, it will block as expected ,the thread wait for ever, because to access X,
it would have to release its own lock on Y so that the first thread could [Link] is
a difficult to debug for two reasons.
1. It occurs only rarely, when two threads time-slice in just the right way.
2. It may involve more than two threads and two synchronized objects.
Q9. How can you to write data in text files in java?
Ans. To read /write data into the files java provides two classes FileInputStream and
FileOutputStream. In java files are byte oriented and java provides methods to read
and write bytes from and to a file. Java allows you to wrap a byte-oriented file stream
within a character-based object.
FileOutputStream :- which create byte streams linked to files. To open a file you
simply create an object of one of these classes, specifying the name of the file as an
agrument to the [Link] classes support additonal ,overriden constructors
and throws FileNotFoundException when an output file is opened any pre existing
file by the same name is destroyed. To close the a file call close() method.
FileInputSteam: - to read data from the file you can use read() method which
defined under a version of read() that is defined within FileInputStream
These methods also generate FileNotFoundException.
To read and write data of specific type in the file there is a need of two more classes
DataOutputStream and DataInputStream ,they create Stream objects to write and
read data in specific type . DataOutputStream provides method for writing like
writeInt(),
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 23/40

WriteFloat(),writeDouble etc.
DataInputStream class provides method to read data from the file like
readInt(),readFloat(),readDouble() etc.
Q10. Describe the major features of Java exception handling. How is exception
handling carried out in java? What are the major statements that are employed
in java exeception handling and what do they do?
Ans. An exception is a condition that is caused by a run-time error in the program. When
the Java interpreter encounters an error such as dividing an integer by zero, it
creates an exception object and throws it. The purpose of exception handling
mechanism is to provide a means:- to detect and report an “exceptional
circumstance” so that appropriate action can be taken.
Features
1. Structured exception handling
2. Provide security from executing illegal instruction those prone to termination of
the program.
3. Use the concept of object oriented approach to handle exceptions
4. User defined exception can also be handled.
Following are the major statements to handle exceptions
1. Try: - Program statements that you want to monitor for exceptions are contained
within a try block.
2. Catch: - If can exception occurs within the try block, it is thrown . these exception
are caught in catch block.
3. Finally: - Finally is the last block that will always execute although exception is
raised on not.
4. Throw: - Use to throw exception manually.
5. Throws: - To explicitly throws the exception.
Q11. What is use of Buffered Reader class? Explain with Example.
Ans. BufferedReader class is one of the class define under the [Link] package.
Because System not define any method to take input from the keyboard. Buffered
Reader class provide to read and readLine method read data from the keyword also
generate exception called IOException. read() is used to read a character from
keyboard and readLine() method is used to read a line of character from the
keyboard. It can be explain by the following example.
class my
{
public static void main(Strring ap[]) thrws IOException
{
BufferedReader br=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader([Link]));
int a,b,c;
[Link](“Enter 1st no”);
a=[Link]([Link]());
[Link](“enter 2nd no”);
b=[Link]([Link]());
c=a+b;
[Link](“sum is “+c);
}
}
in this class file br is BufferedReader object which access the readLine() method to
get the value from keyboard.
Q12. Write a short note of Collection Framework.
Ans. The Java collection framework standardizes the way in which groups of objects are
handled by your programs. Java provides ad hoc classes like Dictionary ,Vector,
Stack and Properties to store and manipulate groups of objects.. It was designed to
meet several gaols. First, the framework had to be [Link] item
created by the collections framework is the Iterator interface inteface. An iterator
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 24/40

gives you a general-purpose ,standardized way of accessing the elements within a

collection one at a time. An iterator provides a means:- of enumerating the contents
of a collection .Because each collection implements Iterator, the elements of any
collection class can be accessed through the methods defined by Iterator.
The framework defines several map interfaces and classes. Maps store key/value
pairs although maps are not “collection” they are fully integrated with the collection
view of map.
Q13. In the Java I/O libraries, what is the role of the Reader and Writer classes?
What is the difference between the Reader and Writer classes and the Stream
classes?
Ans. In java I/O libraries, the Reader and Writer classes are used to handle character
stream. Character stream are not the part of the java when it was released in 1995.
they were added later when the version1.1 was announced. These classes defined
separately as
1. Reader Stream Classes: - Reader stream classes are designed to read
character from the files. Reader class is the base class for all other classes .
these classes are functionally very similar to the input stream classes, except
input streams use bytes as their fundamental unit of information, while reader
streams use characters.
2. Writer Stream classes: - The writer stream classes are designed to perform all
output operations on files. Only difference is that while output stream classes are
designed to write bytes, the writer stream classes are designed to write
characters.
Q14. What are the basic steps that are required to write data out to the stream?
What are the basic steps that are required to read data from a stream? In your
answer, provide pseudo code or java code.
Ans. The following the java code is used to write data into the file.
1. Create the object of FileOutputStream class e.g.
FileOutputStream f=new FileOutputStream(“c:\[Link]”);
2. Create the object of DataOutputStream class to store primitive data and link it with
file using following code.
DataOutputStream d=new DataOutpustream(f);
3. Write different type of data using DataoutputStream object.
[Link](10)’;
[Link](“Aman”);
[Link](23.45);
4. Close the DataOutputstream object and file object
[Link]();
[Link]();
The following steps are used to read data from file.
Create object of FileInputStream to read data from file e.g
FileInputStream f=new FileInputStream(“c:\[Link]”);
Create object of DataInputStream to read data of different types e.g.
DataInputStream d=new DataInputStream(f);
Read data and store these into the different variables. e.g.
String n; int c; Double s;
while([Link]()>0)
{ n=[Link]();
c=[Link]();
s=[Link]();
[Link](“Name “+n);
[Link](“code “+c);
[Link](“salary “+s); }
Close the DatInputStream object and file object e.g
[Link](); [Link]();
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Q15. Write statement to create a file stream that concatenates two existing files.
Ans. import [Link].*;
class my
{
public static void main(String ap[]) throws IOException
{
FileInputStream file1=null;
FileInputStream fiel2=null;
SequenceInputStream file3=null;
File1=new FileInputStream(“[Link]”);
File2=new FileInputStream(“[Link]’);
File3=new SequenceInputStream(file1,file2);
BufferedInputStream inBuffer=new BufferedInputStream(file3);
BufferedOutputStream outBuffer=new BufferedOutputStream([Link]);
int ch;
while((ch=[Link]())!=-1)
{
[Link]((char)ch);
}
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
[Link]();
}
}
Q16. Write a program to count the number of characters in a file.
Ans.
import [Link].*;
class my
{
public static void main(String ap[]) throws IOException
{
int c=0,i;
FileInputStream f=new FileInputStream("[Link]");
do
{
i=[Link]();
c++;
}while(i!=-1);
[Link]("No of character in the file is " + c);
}
}
Q17. What are the basic user interface components? Explain with example.
Ans. User Interface components help the user to interact with application. Java provides
different types of user interfaces. Some of the basic user interface components in the
AWT are followings.
Label: - A Label can be defined as static text string that act as a description for other
AWT components.
e.g
Label l=new Label(“welcome”,[Link]);
add(l);
The specified creates a Label l displaying static text welcome and place it on the
container
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2. Buttons: - the component most commonly used in windows that trigger some
action in the interface when they are pressed. Button can be created using the
following code in java.
Button b=new Button(“click me”);
add(b);
3. CheckBoxes: - These components have two states : on and off (selected and
unselected). They don’t trigger direct actions in the UI , but are used to indicate
optional feature of some other actions. They can be used in two ways.
Non exclusive :- Given the series of checkboxes , any of them can be selected.
Exclusive :- Given a series of check boxes, only one check box from the series can
selected at a time.
4. Radio Buttons: - A Radio button is hollow round. These are also created from the
checkbox class . In the case of Radio Button only one in a series can be selected at
a time.
5. TextField: - provide an area where one can enter the text of single at runtime.
Generally used to get text from the user.
6. Choice menu or Choice list: - the popup list of items from which one can select
an item. Can be created using following code.
Choice ch=new Choice();
[Link](“apples”);
[Link](“mangos”);
add(ch);
7. TextArea: - TextArea are editable text fields that can handle more than one line of
text input. TextAreas are created from the TextArea class.
8. Scrolling List: - similar to the Choice List with two significant differences.
More than one item can be selected
Multiple items are displayed.
Created using the following codes.
List l=new List(3);
[Link](“ornage”);
[Link](“Mango”);
[Link](“Vanila”);
add(l);
Q18. Describe the class and interface hierarchy supported by the Collections API.
Ans. There are different types of classes and interfaces provides by java for Collection
framework. Collection Framework was designed to meets several goals . Like to
achieve high performance, high degree of interoperability.
The collection framework defines several interfaces these are of followings.
1. Collection :- Enables you to work with groups of objects; It is at the top of the
collections hierarchy.
2. List :- Extends Collection to handle sequences of List of objects
3. Set :- Extends Collection to handle sets, which must contain unique elements
4. SortedSet :- Extends Set to handle sorted sets.
The collection framework defines the following classes.
1. AbstractCollection :_ Implements most of the Collection interface.
2. AbstractLIst :- Extends AbstractCollection and implements most of the List
interface.
3. AbstractSequentialList :- Extends AbstractList for use by a collection that uses
sequential rather than random access of its elements.
4. LinkedList :- Implements a linked list by extending AbstractSequentialList.
Q19. How UDP socket is used ? Discuss with an example.
Ans. public class clientTestUDP
{
Datagramsocket datasocket;
DatagramPacket dataPacket;
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 27/40

public static void main (String args [])

ClientTestUDP UDPClient = new ClientTestUDP ();
[Link] ();
}
public void go ()
{
byte B[] = new. Byte [64];
String str;
try
{
datasocket = new Datagram Socket(1313);
dataPacket = new DatagramPacket(B, [Link]);
While (true)
{
[Link] (dataPacket);
str= new String ([Link] ());
[Link] (“Td signals received
From” + [Link] ()+
“In Time is: “+Str);
}
}
catch (Exception raised”);
}
}
}
Q20. What is Multithreading?
Ans. A thread executes a series of instructions. Every line of code that is executed is done
so by a thread. Some threads can run for the entire life of the applet, while others are
alive for only a few milliseconds.
Multithreading is the ability to have various parts of program perform program steps
seemingly at the same time. Java let programs interleave multiple program steps
through the use of threads. For example,one thread controls an animation, while
another does a computation. In Java, multithreading is not only powerful, it is also
easy to implement.
You can implement threads within a java program in two ways – Creating an object
that extends Class Thread or implementing the interface Runnable.
The key difference between the two is that Thread class has a strart() method which
your program simple calls whereas the Runnable class does not have a start method
and you must create a Thread object and pass your thread to its constructor method.
You never call run() method directly; the start method calls it for you.
Example: Extending thread class
class MyProcess extends Thread{
public void run(){
}
public static void main(String args[]){
MyProcess mp = new MyProcess();
[Link]();
} }
Example: using Runnable interface
class MyProcess implements Runnable {
public void run(){ }
public static void main(String args[]){
Thread mp = new Thread(new MyProcess());
[Link]();
} }
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Q21. What are DatagramPacket and why it is used in Socket Programming?

Ans. DatagramPackets can be created with one of four constructors. The first constructor
specifies a buffer that will receive data, and the size of a packet. It is used for
receiving data over a DatagramSocket. The second form allows you to specify an
offset into the buffer at which data will be stored. The third form specifies a target
address and port, which are used by a DatagramSocket to determine where the data
in the packet will be sent. The fourth form transmits packets beginning at the
specified offset into the data. Think of the first two forms as building and the second
two forms as stuffing and addressing . the constructor used by DatagramSocket has
four constructor.
DatagramPacket(byte data[], int size)
DatagramPacket(byte data[], int offset,int size)
DatagramPacket(byte data[], int size,InetAddres ipAddress, int port)
DatagramPacket(byte data[], int size, int offset , int size, InetAddress ipAddress, int
port)

There are several methods for accessing the internal state of a DatagramPackat.
They give complete access to the destination address and port number of a packet
as well as the raw data and its length.
Q22. Define PushbackReader?
Ans. The PushbackReader class allows one or more characters to be returned to the input
stream. This allows you to look ahead in the input stream. The two constructors of
this class is
PushbackReader(Reader inputStream)
PushbackReader(Reader inputstream, int bufsize);
The first form creates a buffered stream that allows one character to be pushed back.
In the second , the size of the Pushback buffer is passed in bufSize.
PushbackReader provides unread() method which returns one or more characters to
the invoking inputstream. It has the three forms
Void unread(int ch);
Void unread(char buffer[])
Void unread(char buffer[], int offset, int numchars)
The first form pushes back the character passed in ch. This will be the next character
returned by the a subsequent call to read(). The second form returns the characters
in buffer. The third form pushes back numChars characters beginning at offset from
buffer. An IOException will thrown if there is an attempt to return a character when
the pushback buffer is full.
Q23. Define Interthread Communication.
Ans. Interthread communication process is to access more than one thread in the
multithread environment. With the help of synchronization or by sending the thread
into monitor we can get control on the thread process but to achieve a more subtle
level of control through interprocess communication. In the polling system the
consumer would waste many CPU cycles while it waited for the producer to
produce. Once the cycles waiting for the consumer to finish, and so on, this situation
is undesirable . to avoid the polling , Java includes an elegant interprocess
communication mechanism via wait(), notify() and notifyAll() methods. These
methods are implemented as final methods in Object, so all classes have them . All
three methods can be called only from within synchronized method. The rules of
using these methods are actually quite simple.
Wait() tells the calling thread to give up the monitor and go to sleep until some other
thread enters the same monitor and calls notify().
Notify() wakes up the first tread that called wait() on the same object.
notifyAll() wakes up all the threads that called wait() on the same object. The highest
priority thread will run first.
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Q24. What are synchronized methods and synchronized statements?

Ans. Synchrorinezed is the way to avoid data corruption caused by simultaneous access
to the same data by multiple threads. Because all the thread in a program share the
same memory space . It is possible to access the same variable or run the same
method of the same object at the same time.
To make the process syrichronized in java there are two ways.
1. Synchronized methods
2. Synchronized statements.
Using the synchronized method we can make any under the synchronized method,
all other threads that try to all it on the same instance have to wait, but synchronized
method will not work in all cases for that purpose use synchronized statement.
Synchronized statement: - This is the another way to imagine that you want to
synchronized access to the objects of a class that was not designed for
multithreaded access. The class doesn’t use synchronized method. Also that class
was not created by you.
So you can add synchronized statement to the program to solve this problem. We
use a synchronized block called synchronized statement.

Syntax
Synchronized (object)
{
statement to be synchronized.
}
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 30/40

Section – C 2 Marks Questions

[QUESTIONS 1 TO 30] [PAGE 30 TO 32]

(JDBC, RMI, JAVA SERVELTS)

Q1. Define RMI
Ans. Remote Method Invocation allows a java object that executes on the machine to
invoke a method of a java object that executes on another machine. This is an
important feature because it allows you to build distributed applications.
Q2. What is UniCastRemoteObject?
Ans. UnicastRemoteObject is extends by all the remote objects in RMI which provides
functionality that is needed to make objects available from remote machines. This
class is belongs to [Link] package.
Q3. How many Layer are provided by the RMI architecture
Ans. There are four different Layer in RMI architecture
1. Application Layer
2. Proxy Layer
3. RemoteReference Layer
4. Transport Layer
Q4. What are the different ways to use Registry services in RMI.
Ans. There are two ways to use registry services
1. To maintain a registry server that is running on a well-known predefined port
number. Any application that is exporting objects can register with this registry.
2. second method involves an application running its own registry services. This
allows the application to have total control over the registry but at the same time
makes it more difficult to define a well known port number that client application
can use to access remote objects.
Q5. Define PreparedStatement Interface.
Ans. The interface PreparedStatement extends the Statement Interface. If the application
requires multiple execution of a particular sql statement, it is predefined and stored in
a PreparedStatement object .
Q6. Benefits of servlet over cgi.
Ans. Servlet offer several advantages over CGI.
Performance
Platform independent
Secure
Use java class libraries
Q7. List the packages used to design servlet.
Ans. [Link] , [Link]
Q8. List the methods used to handle HTTP request on servlet.
Ans. doDelete(),doGet(),doOptions(),doPost(),doTrace()
Q9. Explain Cookies?
Ans. A cookie is stored on a client and contains state information. Cookies are valuable for
tracking user activities. It can save the information like username,address etc.
Q10. Define Driver Manager in JDBC.
Ans. Java’s Driver Manager controls interaction between the UI and the database driver
being used. It can support multiple drivers connecting to different DBMSSystems.
The driver manger loads the requested driver and provides support for managing
database connections.
Q11. What we need to execute Servlet.
Ans. To Execute Servlet there is a package needed known JSDK(JAVA SERVLET
DEVELOPMENT KIT) . It provides all the class libraries packages and interface to
create small servlet. The package used by all the servlet source code [Link] is
also defined their.
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Q12. Define servlet interface.

Ans. All servlet must implements the Servlet Interface. It declares the init(), service() and
destroy() method that are called by the Server during the life cycle of a servlet. A
method is also provided that allows a servlet to obtain any initialization parameters.
Q13. Define [Link] package.
Ans. The [Link] package contains a number of interfaces and classes that establish
the framework in which servlets operate. The most significant of these is [Link]
servlets must implement this interface or extend a class that implements the
interface. The ServletRequest and ServletResponse interface are also very
important.
Q14. Define Connection Interface.
Ans. A Connection object represents a connection with a database. Within this session
SQL statements can be executed, returning resultsets. Some of the widely used
methods of the connections objects are
Close(), CreatreStatement().
Q15. What is ResultSet ?
Ans. The data that is generated by the execution of a SQL statement is stored in, and can
be accessed, from a ResultSet object. The ResultSet object ‘watches’ a single row of
data at a time. This row of data is called its current row.
Q16. What is ResultSetMetaData Interface?
Ans. The ResultSetMetaData object returned by the getMetaData() constructor provides
access to information which indicates the number, type and properties of ResultSet
columns. Some of its important methods are
getColumnCount(), getColumnName(int), getTableName()
Q17. What are JDBC-EXCEPTION classes?
Ans. There are three types of JDBC EXCEPTION clesses.
1. SQLWarning class
2. DataTrancation class
3. SQLException class
Q18. What is stub class?
Ans. The stub is a client-side proxy. Stub defines all of the interfaces that the remote
object implementation supports. The stub is responsible for making a callo to a
remote object as well as for marshalling imformation to and from a reference layer.
Q19. What is skeleton class?
Ans. The skeleton is a server side proxy that interfaces with the server side RRL(Remote
Reference Layer) n. The skeleton receives method invocation request from the client-
side RRL. The side RRL unmarshals any arguments that are sent to a remote
method and makes a call to the actual object implementation on the server side.
Q20. What is Introspection ?
Ans. This is the feature that allows visual programming tools to drag and drop the
componentn onto an application and allows components to publish the operations
and properties they support.
Q21. What is Persistence?
Ans. Visual design tools provide transparent and simple access to the property sheet of a
component to allow the component to be tailored for a specific application , Modified
properties are stored in such manner that they remain with the component from
design to execution. The capability to store changes to a component’s properties is
known as persistence. It allows components to be customized for latter use.
Q22. What is the ServletConfig interface?
Ans. The ServletConfig Interface is implemented by the server. It allows a servlet to obtain
configuration data when it is loaded. The Method declared by the interface are 1.
getServletContext()
getInitParameter(String param), getInitParameterNames().
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Q23. Define ServletException class.

Ans. The ServletException class indicates that a servlet problem has occurred. To create
any servlet we must handle that exception. The ServletException class has the
following constructors.
ServletException()
ServletException(String s)
Q24. Define HttpSession Interface.
Ans. The HttpSession interface is implemented by the server. It enables a servlet to read
and write the state information that is associated with HTTP session. It provides
numbers of methods to handles session of different users.
Q25. Define and get and post method.
Ans. Get and post keyword are specified as the value of method attribute of a form to send
request by the client if client send request using get method then information transfer
is limited to the 225 characters.
Q26. What is Web Server?
Ans. Web Server is the server that handle request send by the web clients. All web client
send there request using one of the software known as web browser. Web server
these request and send the response or provide services to the client.
Q27. What is Session Tracking?
Ans. Http is stateless protocol, which means that each request is independent of the
previous one. In some application it is necessary to save the state information so that
information can be collected from several interactions between a browser and server.
Mechanism to collect information about the particular session is called session
tracking.
Q28. What do mean by MIME?
Ans. The HTTP header are additional information send by the client software to server.
These headers indicates the request method, communication path, server software
or client software etc. the types of content is specified with MIME stands for
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension. That specifies ordinary ASCII text has a MIME
type of text/plain.
Q29. What is SingleThreadModel Interface?
Ans. The Single Thread Model interface is used to indicate that only a single thread should
execute the service() method of a servlet. It defines no constants and declares no
methods. If a servlet implements this interface, the server creates several instances
of it. When a client request arrives, it is sent to an available instance of the servlet.
Q30. Define HttpSession Interface.
Ans. The HttpSession interface is implemented by the server. It enables a servlet to read
and write the state information that is associated with an HTTP session. And provide
different types of methods to handle session.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 33/40

Section – C 5 Marks Questions

[QUESTIONS 1 TO 20] [PAGE 32 TO 40]

(JDBC, RMI, JAVA SERVELTS)

Q1. Define the life cycle of java servlet.
Ans. A java servlet has a life cycle that defines how the servlet is loaded and initialized ,
how it receives an respoonds to requests, and how it is taken out of service. The
servlet lifecycle is defined by the [Link] interface.
All java servlets must, either directly or indirectly, implements the
[Link] interface so that they can run in the servlet engine. The servlet
engine is a customized extension to a web server for processing servlets.
The [Link] interface defines methods that are called at specific times
and in a specific order during the servlet lifecycle.
1 Servlet loaded :- The servlet engine instantiate and loads a servlet. The
instantiation and loading can occur when the engine starts,when it needs the servlet
in order to respond to a request , or any time in between.
2. Initialization :- after loading the servlet engine must initalize the servlet.
Initialization is a good time for a servlet to read any persistent data it may have
stored, and initalize. The init() method is used the servlet configuration object. The
servlet configuration object also gives the servlet access to a servlet context object
of type ServletContext.
3. Servlet Handles Request : After the servlet is initalized it is ready to handle
requyests from a client . Each client request that is made to a servlet is done via a
servlet object. The object are passed as parameters to the service() method defined
in the Service interface which the servlet [Link] ServletRequest or
ServletResponse interface, or both . The ServletRequest interface gives the servlet
access to the request to the request Parameter the client send. ServletResponse
interface allows the servlet to set response headers and status codes .
4. Servlet Destroyed
After taking all request and response when servlet engine determine the servlet
should destroy it will automatically destroy the servlet using the gargbage collection
Q2. How can HttpServletRequest /response are handled by the servlet?
Ans. The HttpServlet Class is used to handle the HttpServlet request. It is an abstract
class so its extends the GenericServlet base class and provide the frame work to
Http protocol. Servlet writers must subclass it and override at least one method.
The method normally overridden are
doGet()
doPost()
doGet() and doPost() methods are similar methods and receive the request from the
client machine . but there is a difference is that doGet() method accept a small
request upto 255 character and doPost() can accept request of unlimited string and
hidden information is provided.
Both method have tha following syntax
DoGet(HttpServletRequest rq,HttpServletResponse rs)
DoPost(HttpServletRequest rq,HttpServletResponse rs)
Q3. Write down the step to connect java program to database?
Ans. Java program can be connected to the database using java database connectivity.
The following steps involves to create a connection with database.
1. Create a data source name using open database connectivity specifying the
database to connect.
2. Specify [Link] in the program using Class class’s forName
method.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 34/40

3. Initialize the Connection with the help of Driver Manger ‘s getConnection

[Link] which u have to specify the jdbc:odbc bridge with dsn reference.
4. Perform all the code in try/catch blocks ,because connection statements generate
two type of exception SQLException,ClassNotFound Exception.
5. After all that compile the program. With javac
Q4. What are the method provides by ResultSetInterface to Handle primitive data.
Ans. ResultSetInterface :- Resultset Interface will the result of the select SQL query .
it provide different types of methods like
[Link]() :- it will return true if any next record is available in the ResultSet.
[Link]() :- It is used to close the ResultSet object.
Methods to handle primitive data
1. getInt() :- use to get integer value from the database.
2. getString():- use to get string value from the database.
3. getFloat():- use to get float value form the the database
4. getDouble():- to get Double value from the database.
5. getShort():- to get small int value from the database.
Q5. Define the connectivity model used by the java to connect database.
Ans. The java application is the UI . this in turn communicates with a driver manager using
underlying java code. The Driver Manager is a class that belongs to the [Link]
package. The driver manager communicates with 32bit ODBC [Link] odbc
communicates with access database.
Functionality of java connectivity model

The Java The ODBC The access

DriverManager System DSN Database Table

Create a Connection Object which

Communicates with ODBC driver and in turn spawns a Result Set object
to Database table.

The Result Set Object

This holds the records retrieved from the Access Database, table.
Date from this result set object can be bound to controls on a java Form.

Q6. Advantages of servlets over competing technologies.

Ans. Advantages
1. Servlets are capable of running in the same process space as the web server
2. java servlets are compiled into java byte-code. So java servlets can execute
much more quickly then common scripting languages.
3. Servlets are written in java and executed by a java virtual machine(JVM). The
JVM does not allow Servlet to direct access to memory location, thereby
elimination crashes that result from invalid memory accesses.
4. Because servlets are written completely in java ,the enjoy the same cross-
platform support as any java program.
5. Servlets can run or virtually every popular web server in use today.
6. Servlets are durable objects. because they remain in main memory until
specifically instructed to be destroyed.
7. Servlets can dynamically loaded either locally or across the network.
8. Servlets also support the multithreaded feature of java.
9. Servlets are protocol independent .
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Q7. What is a distributed object System ? How RMI provides distributed object
mechanism.
Ans. The Distributed object system is a technology that combines networking and object-
oriented programming.
A distributed system includes nodes that perform compilations . A node may be a
pc,a mainframe computer. The nodes of a distributed system are scattered. The
node in use is the local node any other node is the remote node. A distributed system
can not be established without a network that connects nodes and allow the
exchange of data.
RMI FOR DISTRIBUTED COMPUTING.
RMI is a simple method used for developing and deploying distributed object
application in java environment. In RMI an object oriented application creation is as
simple as writing a stand alone java application. It enables a programmer to create
distributed java application, in which the methods of the remote java object can be
called from other java virtual machines running either on the same host or on the
different host scattered across a network..
Remote object call is identical from the local objects with the following exceptions
1. An object passed as a parameter to a remote method or returned from the
method must be serialzable or be another Remote object.
2. method passed by the remote objects are called by value and not by reference
3. a client always refers tp remote object through one of the Remote interface must
be implements.
The [Link] and [Link] package contain the interfaces and classes that
defines the functionality of java RMI system..
Q8. How does JSP differ from Servlets?
Ans. Java Server Pages (JSP) is a technology that lets you mix regular, static HTML with
dynamically-generated HTML. Servlets, make you generate the entire page via your
program, even though most of it is always the same. JSP lets you create the two
parts separately. Java Server Pages (JSP) is a Sun Microsystems specification for
combining Java with HTML to provide dynamic content for Web pages. When you
create dynamic content, JSPs are more convenient to write than HTTP servlets
because they allow you to embed Java code directly into your HTML pages, in
contrast with HTTP servlets, in which you embed HTML inside Java code. JSP is part
of the Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE).
JSP enables you to separate the dynamic content of a Web page from its
presentation. It caters to two different types of developers: HTML developers, who
are responsible for the graphical design of the page, and Java developers, who
handle the development of software to create the dynamic content. Example of JSP

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">

<HTML>
<HEAD><TITLE>Welcome to Our Store</TITLE></HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>Welcome to Our Store</H1>
<SMALL>Welcome,
<!-- User name is "New User" for first-time visitors -->
<% [Link]([Link](request)); %>
To access your account settings, click
<A HREF="[Link]">here.</A></SMALL>
<P>
Regular HTML for all the rest of the on-line store's Web page.
</BODY>
</HTML>
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Q9. What do you mean by Prepared Statement interface?

Ans. The interface Prepared Statement extends the Statement interface. If the application
requires execution of a particular sql statement, it is pre-compiled and stored in a
Prepared Statement object. This object then can used many times to execute the
statement efficiently. Commonly useable method by this interface.
[Link]() :- This method is used to execute SQL statements. SQLException
exception is thrown in case of errors.
2. executeUpdate() :- This method executes SQL UPDATE,DELETE, or INSERT
statements. SQL statements that do not return anything such as SQL DDL statement
can also be executed.
The error occur when these methods are called SQLException
Q10. Define the life cycle of an Entity Bean.
Ans. After the EJB container creates the instance, it calls the setEntityContext method of
the entity bean class, The setEntityContext method passes the entity context to the
bean.
After instantiation, the entity bean moves to a pool of available instances. While in
the pooled stage, the instance is not associated with any particular EJB object
identity. All instances in the pool are identical. The EJB container assigns an identity
to an instance when moving it to the ready stage.
There are two paths from the pooled stage to the ready stage. On the first path, the
client invokes the create method , causing the EJB container to call the ejbCreate
and ejbPostCreate methods. On the second path, the EJB container invokes the
ejbActivate method. While in the ready stage, an entity bean’s business methods
may be invoked.
Q11. Define ServletResponse Interface and the methods provided by the interface.
Ans. The ServletResponse interface is implemented by the server. It enables a servlet to
formulate a response for a client. And provide the following methods to solve the
whole process.
getCharacterEncoding() :- Resturn the character encoding for the response in String
type
getOutputStream() :- Returns a ServerOutputStream that can be used to write binary
data to the response. An IlegalStateException is thrown if getWriter() has already
been invoked for this request.
getWriter() :- Returns a PrintWriter that can be used to write character data to the
response. An IllegaStateException is thrown if getOutputStream() has already been
invoked for this request.
setContentLength(int size) :- Sets the contentLength for the response to size.
setContentType(String Type) :- Set the contentType for the response to type.
Q12. Differentiate between 2 tier and B-tier applications architectures.
Ans. Node & dumb terminate are connected to the server machine using different way.
1. 2 -tier architecture
2. 3-tier architecture.
3.
1. 2-tier Architecture: - Client is directly connected to the main server. Every thing is
handle by main server.

Client 1

Data base
Server
Client 2

Client 3
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 37/40

2. 3-tier Architecture: - In three tier architecture contains three section.

1. Database Sever. 2. Application Server 3. Clients

Database server maintains database after all condition checks or business logics
handled by Application server. And client send request to application server then
after all checks it transfer to the database server.

Application Clients

Application Client

Application

Differences

2-tier 3-tier

1. Database |Business logic handle 1. Database and Business Logic

by the same server. Handled by different servers.
2. Only having data server. 2. That is a database server and
3. Easy Architecture to understand application server.
4. Less fault tolerance 3. Difficult or complex architecture
5. Client can directly connected to 4. Provide more fault tolerance.
the server which create more traffic 5. Database server connected to on
the network different application server,
so different client can connect to the
database server using different
application server

Q13. What do you mean by servlet? What are advantages of servlet?

Ans. Servlet are the small platform independent java program that can be used to extend
the functionality of a web server in a array for ways. It is a server side software
component written in java that dynamically extends the functionality of a server. It is a
framework for creating applications that implements the request response paradigm.

Advantages of servlet
1. Capable of running in the same process space as the Web server.
2. Compiled. Program
3. Cross platform –program created on one platform can used to any platform
because java provide platform independently.
4. Durable
5. Dynamically loadable accurse the network
6. Extensible
7. Multi threaded
8. Protocol independent
9. Written java
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 38/40

Q14. Explain with suitable example request and response object.

Ans. Request object is used to handle the request send from the direct machine.
Response object used to transfer response to the client machine from server. The
following example will show you how request are handle and response is transfer to
the client.

[Link]
<HTML>
<BODY>
<Form name + f1 method = Post .8080
action= “http:// Localhost/servelet/[Link]”>
<center>
<username <Input type = text name = “Un”>
<BR>
Password <input type = Password
Node = “PW”>
<BR>
<Input type = submit value = send >
<BR>
</center>
</BODY>
</HTML>
</FORM>
user. Java
import [Link]. *;
import [Link]. *;
public class user extends servelet {
public void service (Servelet Request rq. ServletResponse throws servelet
&Exception, IOException.
{
[Link] (“Ext / HTML”);
PrintWriter PW = [Link] ();
[Link] “HTML> <BODY> “);
[Link] (“<H2> your email ID is: <I> “)
[Link] (“<B>” + [Link] (“un”) + “< IA>”);
[Link] (“[Link]”);
[Link] ();
}
}
Q15. What are the various server side technologies? Explain.
Ans. There numbers of server side technology that helps to create response for the client
from the server. Like Common Gateway Interface(CGI), Active Server Pages(ASP),
Servlet, Java Server Pages(JSP) etc. These technologies are used to create
dynamic web pages.
COMMON GATEWAY INTERFACE :- an interface used to create communication
with web server in early days. In this technology a server could dynamically construct
a page by creating a separate process to handle each client request allow the
separate process to read data from HTTP request and write data to the HTTP
response. A variety of languages were used to build CGI programs, including C, C++
and Perl.
ACTIVE SERVER PAGES :- another server side technology introduced by Microsoft
to create server side response for clients. Having very high performance with a draw
back i.e., can only accessible on Microsoft based platform.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 39/40

SERVLET :- the server side technology introduced by java to create server side
response with Java security manager provide platform independence by reducing
traffic to network because of handling all the client request on single address space.
JAVA SERVER PAGES :- technology allows web developers and designers to
rapidly develop and easily maintain, information-rich , dynamic web pages that
leverage existing business system. JSP enables rapid development of web based
application that platform independent. Create response for client with servlet.
Q16. Explain RMI Architecture with layer reference.
Ans. RMI architecture consist of four layers
1 Application 2. Stub/skeleton , Remote Reference and Transport Layer
1. Application Layer : - This layer contains the actual implementation of the client
and sever application. It is in this layers that high – level calls are made to access
and export remote objects.
2. The Proxy Layer : - This layer contains the client stub and server skeleton
objects. The application layer communicates with this proxy layer directly. All
calls to remote objects and marshaling of parameters and return objects are done
through these proxies.
3. The Remote Reference Layer – The RRL(Remote Reference Layer ) handles
packaging of a method call and its parameters and its return values for transport
over the network.
The RRL uses a server side and the client-side component to communicate via the
network layer.
4. Transport Layer :- The transport layer sets up connections, manages existing
connections and handles remote objects residing in its address space.
Q17. How a servlet is Destroyed Explain?
Ans. The servlet engine is not required to keep a servlet loaded for nay period of time or
for the life of the server. Servlet engines are free to use servlets or retire them at any
time. Threrefor, class or instance variables should not be used to store state
information.
When the servlet engine determines that a servlet should be destroyed , the engine
must allow the servlet to release any resource it is using. To do this, the engine calls
the servlet’s destroy method.
The servlet engine must allow any calls to the service method either to complete or to
end with a time out before the engine can destroy the servlet. Once the engine
destroys a servlet, the engine coannot route any more requests to the servlet. The
engine must release the servlet and make it eligible for garbase collection.
Q18. Define HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponseInterface?
Ans. The HttpServletRequest Interface encapsulates information of the request made to a
servlet. This interface gets information form the client to the servlet for use in the
service() method . It allows HTTP protocol specified header information to be
accessed form the service() method.
Following methods are provided by HttpServletRequest
1. getMethod() :- Returns the HTTP method (GET, POST) with which the request
was made.
2. getQueryString() :- Returns anyQuery String that is part of the HTTP REQUEST.
3. getRemoteUser() :- Returns the name of the ser making the HTTP request.
4. getRequested SessionId() :- To returns the Session Id specified with the HTTP
request.
5. getSession(Boolean) :- If Boolean is FALSE, It return s the current valid session
associated with the HTTP request. If Boolean is TRUE, it creates a new session.
[Link]() :- Checks whether the HTTP request is associated
with a sessionthat is valid in the current session context
7. getCookies() : :- Returns the array of cookies found in the HTTP request.
SUBJECT: ADVANCE JAVA (MCA – 5) 40/40

The HttpServletResponse :- encapsulates information of the response sent by a

servlet to a client. This interface allows a servlet’s service() method to maniputlate
HTTP protocol specified header information and return data to its clients.
Methods of HttpServletResponse
addCookie(Cookies): Adds the specified cookie to the response.
encodeUrl(String) :- Encodes the specified URL by adding the sessionId to it. If
encoding is not required , it returnsthe URL unchanged.
sendRedirect(String) :- Sends a temporary redirect response to a client using the
specified redirect location URL.
Q19. What is Object Serialization also explain its criteria?
Ans. Object Serialization is the capability to write a Java object to a stream in such a way
that the definition and current state of object are preserved. When a serialized object
is read from a stream, the object initialized and in exactly the same state it was
written to the stream.
Any Java class and its objects can be serialized as long as that class meets the
following criteria.
The class, or one of its superclasses, must implement the [Link]
interface.
The class must participate with the writeObject() method to control data that is being
saved or append new data to existing saved data.
The class must participate with the readObject() method to read the data that has
been written by the corresponding writeObject() method.
If a serializable class has variables that should not be serialized, those variables
Fmust be marked with transient keyword. The serialization process then ignores
them.
Q20. Explain all the methods provided by the Cookie class.
Ans. The Cookie class is used for session management with HTTP and HTTPS protocol .
Cookies are used to get Web Browsers to hold small amounts of state data
associated with a a user’s web browsing. Common applications for cookies include
storing user preferences, automating low security user sign on facilities.
Cookie class provide the following methods
1. Cookie(String,String) :- This the constructor of the class. It defines a cookie with
an initial name/ value pair.
2. setDomain(String) :- Specifies the domain, which this cookie belongs to . This
cookie will be visinble only to the specified domain.
3. setMaxAge(int) >- Sets the maximum age of the cookie. The unit of measurement
is seconds. A value of zero will cause the cookie to be deleted.
4. getValue() :- Returns the value of the cookie.
5. getName() :- returns the name of the cookie. The name of the cookie cannot be
changed after it is created.
6. getMaxAge() :- returns the maximum specified age of the cookie.
7. setValue():- sets the value of the cookie.