Class 12 Vector Algebra Worksheet
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singhaikamdeepClass 12 Vector Algebra Worksheet
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Powered by AIThe area of triangle ABC can be found using the formula \( \text{Area} = \frac{1}{2} | \vec{AB} \times \vec{AC} | \). First, calculate \( \vec{AB} = \hat{i} - 3\hat{j} - 5\hat{k} - (2\hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k}) = -\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} - 6\hat{k} \) and \( \vec{AC} = 3\hat{i} - 4\hat{j} - 4\hat{k} - (2\hat{i} - \hat{j} + \hat{k}) = \hat{i} - 3\hat{j} - 5\hat{k} \). The cross product \( \vec{AB} \times \vec{AC} = \text{det}\begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ -1 & -2 & -6 \\ 1 & -3 & -5 \end{vmatrix} = 6\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} + 5\hat{k} \). The magnitude is \( \sqrt{6^2 + (-2)^2 + 5^2} = \sqrt{65} \). So, the area is \( \frac{1}{2} \sqrt{65} \).
Calculate each component of \( \vec{a} + 2\vec{b} \) and \( 2\vec{a} - \vec{b} \) separately. \( \vec{a} + 2\vec{b} = 3\hat{i} - \hat{j} - 2\hat{k} + 4\hat{i} + 6\hat{j} + 2\hat{k} = 7\hat{i} + 5\hat{j} \). \( 2\vec{a} - \vec{b} = 6\hat{i} - 2\hat{j} - 4\hat{k} - 2\hat{i} - 3\hat{j} - \hat{k} = 4\hat{i} - 5\hat{j} - 5\hat{k} \). The cross product \( (\vec{a} + 2\vec{b}) \times (2\vec{a} - \vec{b}) \) is found by using the determinant method for cross products. The result is \((-25\hat{i} + 35\hat{j} - 47\hat{k})\).
The cosine of the angle \( \theta \) can be found from the dot product formula \( \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = |\vec{a}||\vec{b}|\cos \theta \). Given \( \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = 2\sqrt{3} \), \( |\vec{a}| = \sqrt{3} \), \( |\vec{b}| = 4 \). Substitute into the formula: \( 2\sqrt{3} = \sqrt{3} \cdot 4 \cdot \cos \theta \). Solve for \( \cos \theta \): \( \cos \theta = \frac{2\sqrt{3}}{4\sqrt{3}} = \frac{1}{2} \).
A vector perpendicular to both \( \vec{a} \) and \( \vec{b} \) is given by \( \vec{a} \times \vec{b} \). Calculate \( \vec{a} \times \vec{b} = \text{det} \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 1 & 4 & 2 \\ 3 & -2 & 7 \end{vmatrix} = (28 + 4)\hat{i} - (7 - 6)\hat{j} + (-2 - 12)\hat{k} = 32\hat{i} - \hat{j} - 14\hat{k} \).
For each vector, verify it is a unit vector: Calculate magnitude \( \sqrt{(\frac{2}{\sqrt{7}})^2 + (\frac{3}{\sqrt{7}})^2 + (\frac{6}{\sqrt{7}})^2} = 1 \), similarly for the other vectors. Check mutual orthogonality: Dot products \( \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} = (\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}})(2\cdot6 + 3\cdot2 + 6\cdot-3) = 0 \), \( \vec{b} \cdot \vec{c} = (\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}})(6\cdot3 + 2\cdot-6 - 3\cdot2) = 0 \), and \( \vec{a} \cdot \vec{c} = (\frac{1}{\sqrt{7}})(2\cdot3 + 3\cdot-6 + 6\cdot2) = 0 \) confirm they are orthogonal .
Calculate \( \vec{a} \times \vec{b} = \text{det} \begin{vmatrix} \hat{i} & \hat{j} & \hat{k} \\ 3 & 1 & 2 \\ 2 & -2 & 4 \end{vmatrix} = (4 - (-4))\hat{i} - (12 - 4)\hat{j} + (-6 - 2)\hat{k} = 8\hat{i} - 8\hat{j} - 8\hat{k} \). The magnitude is \( \sqrt{8^2 + (-8)^2 + (-8)^2} = 8\sqrt{3} \).
Given the equations: \( \vec{a} \cdot \hat{i} = 1 \) implies \( a_1 = 1 \), \( \vec{a} \cdot (\hat{i} + \hat{j}) = a_1 + a_2 = 1 \) implies \( a_2 = 0 \), and \( \vec{a} \cdot (\hat{i} + \hat{j} + \hat{k}) = a_1 + a_2 + a_3 = 1 \) implies \( a_3 = 0 \). Thus, \( \vec{a} = \hat{i} \).
To express \( \vec{\beta} \) in the given form, first project \( \vec{\beta} \) onto \( \vec{\alpha} \). The projection is \( \vec{\beta_1} = \frac{\vec{\beta} \cdot \vec{\alpha}}{\vec{\alpha} \cdot \vec{\alpha}} \vec{\alpha} \). Calculate \( \vec{\beta} \cdot \vec{\alpha} = 2 \cdot 3 + 1 \cdot (-1) + (-3) \cdot 0 = 5 \) and \( \vec{\alpha} \cdot \vec{\alpha} = 3^2 + (-1)^2 = 10 \). Then \( \vec{\beta_1} = \frac{5}{10}(3\hat{i} - \hat{j}) = \frac{3}{2}\hat{i} - \frac{1}{2}\hat{j} \). The component \( \vec{\beta_2} = \vec{\beta} - \vec{\beta_1} = (2\hat{i} + \hat{j} - 3\hat{k}) - (\frac{3}{2}\hat{i} - \frac{1}{2}\hat{j}) = \frac{1}{2}\hat{i} + \frac{3}{2}\hat{j} - 3\hat{k} \).
Using the given \( \vec{a} + \vec{b} + \vec{c} = 0 \), we have \( \vec{b} + \vec{c} = -\vec{a} \), \( \vec{c} + \vec{a} = -\vec{b} \), \( \vec{a} + \vec{b} = -\vec{c} \). Taking dot products \( (\vec{a} + \vec{b} + \vec{c}) \cdot (\vec{a} + \vec{b} + \vec{c}) = 0 \), expand and using \( |\vec{a}|^2 = |\vec{b}|^2 = |\vec{c}|^2 = 1 \), conclude \( 3 + 2(\vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} + \vec{b} \cdot \vec{c} + \vec{c} \cdot \vec{a}) = 0 \). Therefore, \( \vec{a} \cdot \vec{b} + \vec{b} \cdot \vec{c} + \vec{c} \cdot \vec{a} = -\frac{3}{2} \).
If a vector is inclined at \( \frac{\pi}{4} \) to both the x-axis and y-axis, then the angle \( \theta_z \) with the z-axis can be found since the angles must satisfy \( \cos^2 \alpha + \cos^2 \beta + \cos^2 \gamma=1 \). Since \( \alpha = \beta = \frac{\pi}{4} \) gives \( \cos \alpha = \cos \beta = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} \), the equation becomes \( \frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{2} + \cos^2 \gamma = 1 \), thus \( \cos^2 \gamma = 0 \), so \( \gamma = \frac{\pi}{2} \).