Information Age 5.

Econommic upheaval- innflunce on number of

-individual that is technologically savvy, have interest in sectors
internet and communication
-the current era Nanoparticles
-have different types according to size
Claude E Shanon
-researcher and mathematician 1. Carbon based nanoparticles
-father of information theory -carbon nanotubes and fullerene two components
-carbon nanotubes have 2 kinds: single walled and multi
Premechanical Age walled cause of nonconductive
-uses petroglyphs carved in rocks Carbon allotrope- fullerene has hollow cage
-first numbering system developed Buckministerfulllerene- resemble hollow football
-uses abacus 2. Ceramic nanoparticles
-inorganic solid comprised of oxides
Mechanical -use inn medication administration
-invention of side rule -effective drug delivery agent
-Blaise pascal created PASCALINE a mechanical calculator 3. Metal nanoparticles
-Charles babbage created diffrence engine that calculated -metal precursors used to create
polynomials -use in bioanalytical and environmental testing
4. Semiconductor nanoparticles
Electromechanical -both metal and non metal
-beginning of telecommunication -In electronics
-telegraph invented in 1880 5. polymeric nanopartcles
-Morse code in 1835 -organic based have small size
-telephone in 1876 -polymer
-first radio in 1894 -diagnostic and drugg adminnistration
-creation of MARK 1 in 1940 programmed using punch cards 6. Liquid based particles
-spherical shape
Electronic -use soluble lipophilic molecles
-ENIAC (Electronic numerical interrogator and computer) that 7. Tools
can do wide range computational problem -exclusive to nanotechnologies
5 main generation 8. chemical sensors
1. The first generation -chemical vapors
-utilized vacuum tubes
-introducion of UNIVAC (Universal automatic computer) Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)
2. Second generation -characteristic change by DNA modification
-used transistors -Transgenic Organism
3. third generation
-used integrated circuits (ICs) Genome Editing
4. Fourth generation -specific changes in DNA
-invention of microprocessors
5. the fifth generation Genetic Editting/Genetic Engineering
-based on artificial intelligence -Process of making GMO

3 Genetic Modification
Nanotechnology Selective Breeding
-study and use of structures with size ranging from 1 to 100 -Putting Drug or Gamma Ray on seed and picking plant trait
nanometers Mutagenes
-8100 human hair -Creation of widely eaten fruits today
Genetic Engineering
3 aspect
-universal fabrication Technique in Genome Editing
-developing and modeling materials Agrobacterium mediated genetic modification
-creation of novelty -Exploits the natural ability to transfer DNA to plant cell.
-T DNA(Transfer DNA)
Nanomaterials Gene Trageting
-enhanced reactivity or high porosity -introduce new DNA to a genome by homologous
ADVANTAGES recombination
1. Manufaccturing advantages-uses robots -Allows pecise modification (gene knockout, knock-ins, point
2. Energy advantages- produce and use energy mutation)
3. Advantages in electronics and computing- Genome editing
revolutionize electronics -precise changes on living organism
4. Medical advantages-- medical research -inserting, deleting, modifying genes
 Somatic gene therapy
Benefits of GMO - Transfer DNA to non reproductive cell
Herbicide tolerance -uses somatic cell
-soybeans -not transmitable to next generation
Insect Resistance -use to replace mutated gen/ reduce harmful product
-BT Corn STEPS
Altered fatty acid composition 1. Identification of targeted gene
-ACP thioesterase (California bay tree) 2. Designing the therapeutic gene
Virus resistance 3. Delivery system developmet
-Honeysweet -VIral Vectors is safe and efficient (vectors are adenoviruses,
-Hepatitis B (trasgenic tobacco) lentiviruses, adeno-associated viruses AVV)
Fortification -Non viral method is direct delivery of DNA
-Beta carotene for golden rice 4. Preclinical testing
Flower Production 5. Trial regulatory approval for clinical
-Transgenic ornamentals 6. Clinical trial
Paper Production 7. Gene delivery to the patient
-digestible lignin -Ex vivo gene therapy is modified in lab first
Bioremedication -In vivo gene therapy is direct delivery of gene
-Biomolecular engineering
Aquaculture Germline gene therapy
-Transgenic Framing -DNA to cell for sperm and egg cell
-transmitable to next generation
Risk of GMO -potential to mutate
● Unintended impact on other species -can enhance traits
● Unintended economic consequences
● Ecological imbalance Crispr-Cas9
● Mutation in organism -gene editing technology
● Producce new pathogen
● Potential human risk Bio ethics of Gene therapy
● Bio-terrorism -Probably situational if kasali

Bio-safety in GMO
-reduce danger in biodiversity
Biodiversity
Cartagena Protocol - greek word bios means life
-September 11, 2003 -latin word diversitas means variety of difference.
-safety transboundary movement -to variety of life
-exchange info via Biosafety clearing House
Major threats to biodiversity
National Committee on Bio-safety of the Philippines Climate change
-Executive order no.430 (1990) -long term irreversible change
-overseeing bio-safety policies and guidelines -rise of atmospheric temperature
Habitat loss and degration
Department of Agriculture&BPI -alteration of environment
-responsible for commercialization -cause by human activities
Bureau of Plant Industry Pollution
-conduct risk assessment -harmful materials in environment called pollutants
-Acid rain pollution that cause death to living things
Regulatory Framework Invasive species
Executive order no.430(1990) -exotic or unnatural species
-oversee bio-safety regulation Over-exploitation
Department of agriculture Administrative order no.8 (DA AO -over harvesting or over fishing
8) series of 2002 Other potential hazard
-guidelinnes for importation -viruses or other human activities
-provision of monitoring GMO
Joint Department Circular no 1 series of 2016 Major threat to Philippines biodiversity
-update the regulatory system and gives feedback Indiscriminate logging
-change the forest landscape
Indiscriminate mining operation
Gene therapy -substantial production of minerals
-Modifying genes within a person cell Over harvesting of resources
-detoriotation of habitats and animals for commerce
2 types of gene therapy Infrastruction development
-threatened by expanding project

Protected area community-based resources management Global warming

agreements -rise of world temperature
-demonstrate long-term conservation action
Greenhouse effect
OTHER ITEM PROBABLY COMMON KNOWLEDGE -traps heat in earth atmosphere

Greenhouse gasses and sources

Energy Carbon dioxide (CO2)
-unseen force that powers things in our lives -Absorb and re-emit infrared
Energy resources Methane(CH4)
-substance as foundation of energy -Traps heat
Nitrous Oxide (N20)
Classification of energy resources -Impact stratospheric ozone level
Renewable non-conventional energy resources Fluorinated Gases
-used over and over -Synthetic compounds used in friedge
Solar energy Water Vapor
-emits zero harmful emissios -initiated by other greenhouse gases
-energy from sun
-cadiz solar power plant Climate change
Wind energy or wind power -alteration of global weather
-use wind turbines
Geothermal Energy Causes of Climate change
-geo (earth) therm(heat) 1. Green gas emission- via burning fuels
-production of heat within the earth 2. Deforestation and Land use changes- affect climate
-highest installed pattern
Hydropower energy 3. Industrial process- manufacturing activities
-convert kinetic energy of water via turbine 4. Agricultural practices- from livestock digestion
Biomass 5. Waste management- breakdown of organic waste
-uses organic materials (sugar mills, rice husks) 6. Urbanization and infrastructure- dense populated
Tidal energy area
-captures energy from moving waves 7. Natural factors- natural occurrence (volcanic
eruption)

Non-renewable sources or conventional energy Method for reducing emissions of geenhouse gas
-cannot be reused ● Use less energy
Oil ● Genetic electricity without emissions
-used in transportation, industry or power generation ● Shrink the footprint food
Coal ● Travel withouut greenhouse
-compress plants remains ● Reduce emission from industry
-release toxic ● Take carbon dioxide out of the air
Natural Gas Impacts of climate change
-mostly methane (CH4) 1. Hotter temperature- rise global surface
-Cleaner burning 2. More severe storms- escalated intensity/frequency
Nuclear energy 3. Increased drought- change water availability
-nuclear fusion, split atoms to produce heat 4. A warning rising ocean- soaks up most of the heat
-minimal gas emission 5. Loss of species- survival risk due to climate change
6. Not enough food- severe weather cause world
Cultivatinng eco warriors hunger
1. Unmasking the environment villains 7. More health risk- challenge to healthcare
2. From me to we; embracing sustainable habits
3. Beyond textbooks; hands on heroism Poverty and displacement
4. Sunshine and wind power; unveiling renewable -may be destroyed by floods even livestocks
champions
5. Equality for all; championing environmental justice Climate change and impact on the Philippines
6. Critical thinkers, eco doers Water resources/scarcity
7. Natures classroom; fostering a connection -insufficient availability of water irrigation
8. From student to sustainability heroes Forestry
9. United we stand; a global village, a sustainable -alters forest as a consequences of canopy gaps
future Agriculture
(SELF EXPLANATORY) -erode soil and deplete nutrients
Health
-spread by pests 3. Habitat destruction- human activities loss
Economy biodiversity
-long term hazard a global externality 4. Climate change- alteration of marine ecosystem
5. Overfishing- poor regulation cause fish population
Coral reef loss decline
-increase in sedimentation for reefs location 6. Introduction of invasive species- outcomplete of
native species
Major Action to mitigate climate change 7. Coastal development and urbanization- construction
1. reduce emissions- use sustainable transporation can lead to habitat loss
2. Save energy-never leave standby 8. Socio-economic challenges- threatened by
3. Apply the R’s of sustainability environmental degration
Reduce- consume less
Reuse-give new life to items Isla verde passage
Recycle- made something new -exceptional biodivversity and ecological importance
4. Eat low carbon
-less meat
-eat seasonal food
-minimize packaging
5. Act against forest loss
-refrain cause of fire
-purchase witth stamp
-plant tree
6. Make demand from government
-advocate sustainable practices

Natural habitat
Mangrove
-group of tree and shrubs
Coral reefs
-underwater ecosystems which is colonies of coral polyps
Seagrasses
-inhabit shallow aquatic environment both salt and brackish
water
Estuaries
-wetlands located in the meeting point of river and sea

Fisheries
Commercial fisheries
-large scale of harvesting fish
Recreational fisheries
-promotes sustainable and sustains local economies
Aquaculture
-reduce wild fish population

Recreational areas
Coral sand beaches
-created by coral reef development and erosion
Beaches
-depend on reef fro sand
-tourist post a threats
Marine park and reserves
-protected areas to conserve marine ecosystem

Coastal resource management (CRM)

-designing specific areas like water sport to balance
recreational activity

Threats to coastal areas

1. Coastal erosion- impact to loss of sand or
displacement of communities
2. Pollution- degradation of water quality