CBC-ICT Notes Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ

Established By : Dr. Md. Jahed Khan,Approved By: Government & Ctg. Education Board
College Code-3639 EIIN-135345 College Code-3613 EIIN-134628

City Biggan College Ctg Biggan College

cov‡jLv I djvd‡ji gvb wePv‡i PÆMÖvg wk¶v‡ev‡W©i †miv K‡jR|
wmwU weÁvb K‡jR : †ivW-25,AvMÖvev` wmwWG, PÆMÖvg | 01817-291888,01819-382477
PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR : 254, †`e cvnvo, K‡jR †ivW, PKevRvi, PÆMÖvg | 01817-291888, 01819-382477
S ylla bu s : Name :
Campus :
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : 1g Aa¨vq
Section :
Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ CBC Gi m¤§vwbZ wk¶K-wkw¶Kve„Ü K¬v‡m Aek¨B D³ ‡bv‡U
Reference Books: we`¨gvb cÖkœ¸‡jv fvjfv‡e eywS‡q w`‡eb | AwZwi³ Creative
Question cÖ‡qvRb n‡j Zv K‡j‡Ri gva¨‡g mieivn Ki‡eb|

‡gavex wk¶v_©xiv †h Kvi‡Y CBC †Z fwZ© nq :

 miKvwi K‡jRmgy‡ ni g‡Zv CBC Gi wk¶v_©xiv I gva¨wgK I D”P gva¨wgK wk¶v‡evW©, PÆMÖvg Gi Aax‡b †evW© cix¶v †`q Ges wbR
K‡j‡Ri bv‡gB mvwU©wd‡KU cvq | CBC = City Biggan College = Chattagram Biggan College
 miKvwi K‡jRmgy‡ n HSC †Z Golden A+/A+ wb‡q fwZ© n‡qI A‡bK wk¶v_©x HSC †Z Kvw•LZ djvdj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, A_P
CBC †Z †h †Kvb GPA wb‡q fwZ© n‡q kZ kZ wk¶v_©x Golden A+/A+ cvq |
 †Kvb K‡jR, †KvwPs ev cÖvB‡fU wUDUi †bvU w`‡q covq bv| wKš‘ cÖK„Zc‡¶ †`Lv hvq, mg¯Í welq Ges me¸‡jv welq GKmv‡_ †bvU Kiv
bv _vK‡j cov Ges g‡b ivLv AZ¨šÍ KwVb n‡q c‡o (KviY, HSC Gi wm‡jevm A‡bK eo )| Avgv‡`i cÖwZwU †bvU Avgv‡`i AK¬všÍ
cwikª‡gi dmj | GKRb QvÎ /wk¶K Lye Kg mg‡q GKwU Chapter covi Rb¨ Avgv‡`i †bv‡Ui †Kvb weKí †bB |
 cov‡bvi mgq cÖwZwU wel‡qi Basic conception Gi Dci ¸iæZ¡ †`qv nq| d‡j HSC †Z A+ cvevi ci QvÎQvÎxiv †gwW‡Kj,
ey‡qU cÖf„wZ fwZ© cix¶vq PvÝ cvq| hvi kZ kZ cÖgvY Avgv‡`i Kv‡Q Av‡Q|

CBC-1:wmwU weÁvb K‡jR CBC-2:PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR 1

CBC-ICT Notes Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
-: Aa¨vq 5:-
‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv
m„Rbkxj cÖkœ ÔKÕ bs (Ávbg~jK) cÖ‡kœi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖ‡kœvËimg~n
1| evi †KvW Kx? DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡g hyw³i fzjmg~n-B n‡jv hyw³MZ fzj e‡j|
DËi: evi †KvW n‡”Q c‡Y¨i c¨v‡K‡Ui Ic‡ii `vMvw¼Z 19| cÖvenwPÎ Kx?
KwZcq †iLv Ask †hLv‡b c‡Y¨i bvg cÖ¯‘ZKvixi bvg I DËi: ‡h wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv wm‡÷g ev †cÖvMÖvg Kxfv‡e KvR
g~j¨ †jLv _v‡K| Ki‡e Zvi MwZaviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq, Zv-B cÖevnwPÎ|
2| hvwš¿K fvlv Kx? 20| wm‡÷g †d¬vPvU© Kx?
DËi: h‡š¿i wbR¯^ fvlvB n‡jv hvwš¿K fvlv| DËi: ‡Kv‡bv ms¯’v ev msMV‡bi mKj Kv‡Ri avivevwnKZv †h
3| A¨v‡m¤^jvi Kx? wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Kiv nq, Zv-B wm‡÷g †d¬vPvU©|
DËi: ‡h †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi †cÖvMÖvg‡K hvwš¿K 21| ‡d¬vPv‡U©i †gŠwjK Qu¨vP Kx?
fvlvq iƒcvšÍi Kiv nq, Zv-B A¨v‡m¤^jvi| DËi: ‡d¬vPv‡U©i e¨eüZ †g․wjK cÖZxK wP‡ýi mvnvh¨ †h
4| Kw¤úDUv‡ii ga¨g ¯Í‡ii fvlv Kx? ‡d¬vPv‡U© AsKb Kiv hv, Zv-B †d¬vPv‡U©i †g․wjK QuvP|
DËi: Kw¤úDUv‡ii nvW©Iq¨vi wbqš¿Y I wm‡÷g †cÖvMÖvg iPbvi 22| ‡d¬vPv‡U©i †gŠwjK QuvP KqwU?
Rb¨ weU ch©v‡qi †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvB Kw¤úDUv‡ii ga¨g DËi: ‡d¬vPv‡U©i †g․wjK QuvP 4wU|
¯Í‡ii fvlv| 23| ‡cÖvMÖvg wWRvBb g‡Wj Kx?
5| ‘FORTRAN’ k‡ãi A_© Kx? DËi: ‡Kvb †cÖvMÖv‡gi MVb‣kjx-B n‡jv H †cÖvMÖv‡gi †cÖvMÖvg
DËi: „FORTRAN‟ k‡ãi A_© n‡”Q FORMULA wWRvBb g‡Wj|
TRANSLATOR. 24| ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi MVb Kq ai‡bi?
6| cvB_b Kx? DËi: ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi MVb 4 ai‡bi|
DËi: cvB_b n‡”Q GKwU Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW D”P-¯Í‡ii 25| wfRyq¨vj †cÖvMÖvwgs Kx?
†cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv| DËi: DB‡ÛvRwfwËK †cÖvMÖvg-B n‡jv wfRyq¨vj †cÖvMÖvg|
7| 4GL Kx? 26| Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs Kx?
DËi: 4GL n‡”Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii Fourth Generation DËi: Ae‡R± ev wPÎwfwËK Kgv‡Ûi mvnv‡h¨ PvwjZ †cÖvMÖvg-B
Language A_©vr PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv| Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs|
8| Drm †cÖvMÖvg Kx? 27| cwjgiwdRg Kx?
DËi: D”P¯Í‡ii Ges A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq iwPZ †cÖvMÖvgB Drm DËi: cwjgiwdRg n‡jv wfbœ wfbœ Ae‡R± hv †Kv‡bv GKwU
†cÖvMÖvg? cÖ‡kœi Dˇi Zv‡`i wb‡R‡`i g‡Zv K‡i mvov †`q|
9| Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg? 28| B‡f›U WªvB‡fb †cÖvMÖvwgs Kx?
DËi: ‡h †cÖvMÖvg Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K hvwš¿K fvlvq Abyev` K‡i e¯‘ DËi: ‡h †cÖvMÖvwgs Gi wewfbœ wb‡`©k ev Bb÷ªvKkb wP‡Îi
†cÖvMÖv‡g iƒcvšÍi K‡i Zv-B Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg| gva¨‡g †`Iqv nq, Zv-B B‡f›U WªvB‡fb †cÖvMÖvwgs|
10| K¤úvBjvi Kx? 29| wfRyq¨vj †cÖvMÖvg †Kvb ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvwgs?
DËi: K¤úBjvi n‡”Q GKwU Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg, hv D”P¯Í‡ii DËi: wfRyq¨vj †cÖvMÖvg n‡”Q B‡f›U WªvB‡fb †cÖvMÖvwgs|
fvlvi Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g Abyev` K‡i| 30| Av`k© †cÖvMÖvg Kx?
11| CWI ‡_‡K cÖKvwkZ cvB_b-Gi me©‡kl ms¯‹iY Kx? DËi: ‡h †cÖvMÖv‡g Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖv‡gi hveZxq •ewkó¨ ev
DËi: CWI ‡_‡K cÖKvwkZ cvB_b-Gi me©‡kl ms¯‥iY n‡”Q ¸Yvewj eZ©gvb _v‡K, Zv-B Av`k© †cÖvMÖvg|
cvB_b 1.2. 31| Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs-G C Kx?
12| cvB_b †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`q wK‡mi Ici? DËi: Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs-G C n‡”Q GKwU D”P¯Í‡ii †cÖvMÖvwgs
DËi: cvB_b †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`q eY©wfwËK Kx-Iqv‡W©i Ici| fvlv|
13| ‡cÖvMÖvg msMV‡bi Ask KqwU? 32| General Purpose ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv ejv nq
DËi: ‡cÖvMÖvg msMV‡bi Ask 3wU| †KvbwU‡K?
14| ‡KvwWs Kx? DËi: General Purpose ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv ej nq C ‡K|
DËi: ‡KvwWs-B n‡jv †h †Kv‡bv D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg iPbv| 33| Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwg-G C++ Kx?
15| ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi fzj‡K Kx e‡j? DËi: Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvwgs-G C++ n‡”Q †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv C-Gi
DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi fzj‡K evM e‡j| Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW fvm©b|
16| wWevwMs Kx? 34| C ‡cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi Kgb dvskb Kx?
DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi fzj-ÎæwU †ei K‡i Zv `~i KivB wWevwMs| DËi: C ‡cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi Kgb dvsk n‡”Q Main () dvskb|
35| ‡d¬vwUs aªæeK Kx?
17| ÔwWevwMsÕ-Gi AvÿwiK A_© Kx? DËi: fMœvsk b¤^‡ii mgš^‡q MwVZ aªæeK-B n‡jv †d¬vwUs aªæeK|
DËi: ÔwWevwMsÕ-Gi AvÿwiK A_© n‡jv †cvKv evQv| 36| w÷ªs aªæeK Kx?
18| hyw³MZ fzj Kx? DËi: ‡Kv‡bv †U·‡Ui mgš^‡q MwVZ aªæeK-B n‡jv w÷ªs aªæeK|
CBC-1:wmwU weÁvb K‡jR CBC-2:PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR 2
CBC-ICT Notes Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
37| me©Rbxb PjK Kx? DËi: „Bug‟ A_© †cvKv|
DËi: mKj dvsk‡bi evB‡i †NvlYvK…Z PjKB me©Rbxb PjK| 57| Uv‡e©v wm AvBwWB Kx?
38| BDbvwi Acv‡iUi Kx? DËi: Uv‡e©v wm Gi msewjZ cwi‡ekB n‡jv Uv‡e©v wm AvBwWB|
DËi: ‡h Acv‡iUi GKwUgvÎ Acv‡iÛ wb‡q KvR K‡i, Zv-B 58| ‡gbyevi Kx?
BDbvwi Acv‡iUi| DËi: Uv‡e©v wm GwWU‡ii me‡P‡q Ic‡i eviwU n‡jv †gbyevi|
39| evBbvwi Acv‡iUi Kx? 59| ALt + H key GK‡Î Pvc‡j †Kvb †gby cÖ`wk©Z nq?
DËi: ‡h Acv‡iUi `ywU Acv‡iÛ wb‡q KvR K‡i Zv-B evBbvwi DËi: ALT + H key GK‡Î Pvc‡j fW`o †gby cÖ`wk©Z nq|
Acv‡iUi| 60| K¨v‡i±vi ‡WUv UvB‡ci Rb¨ 8 weU RvqMv cÖ‡qvRb|
40| MvwYwZK Acv‡iUi Kx? 61| Kw¤úDUv‡i eûj e¨eüZ †Kv‡Wi bvg Kx?
DËi: C ‡cÖvMÖv‡g wewfbœ iKg MvwYwZK KvR Kivi Rb¨ †hme DËi: Kw¤úDUv‡i eûj e¨eüZ †Kv‡Wi bvg n‡jv ASCII
Acv‡iUi e¨eüZ nq, †mme Acv‡iUiB MvwYwZK Cod.
Acv‡iUi| 62| Bw›URvi UvBc Kx?
41| C ‡cÖvMÖv‡g MvwYwZK Acv‡iUi KqwU? DËi: wm‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq c~Y©msL¨v wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ
DËi: C ‡cÖvMÖv‡g MvwYwZK Acv‡iUi 5wU| †WUv UvBcwU n‡jv Bw›URvi UvBc|
42| hyw³g~jK Acv‡iUi Kx? 63| Escape Sequence Kx?
DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡g hyw³g~jK G·‡cÖkb wb‡q KvR Kivi Rb¨ †h DËi: wm †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq e¨vK¯ø¨vk (Õ/ Õ) K¨v‡i±viwUB
Acv‡iUi e¨envi Kiv nq, Zv-B hyw³g~jK Acv‡iUi| Escape Sequence.
43| Programming Language? 64| Kx-IqvW© (Key-word) Kx?
DËi: Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvg †jLvi Rb¨ †h we‡kl ai‡bi fvlv DËi: wm †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq †h kãgvjv‡K we‡kl KvR I A_©
e¨envi Kiv nq, Zv-B Programming Language. †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ e¨envi Kiv nq †m¸‡jv‡K Kx-IqvW©
44| A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi mvs‡KwZK †KvW‡K Kx ejv nq? (Key-word) e‡j|
DËi: A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi mvs‡KwZK †KvW‡K Mnemorric ejv 65| GmvBb‡g›U †÷U‡g›U Kx?
nq| DËi: GmvBb‡g›U ‡÷U‡g›U n‡jv †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq eûj e¨eüZ
45| IivKj Kx? GKwU †÷U‡g›U|
DËi: IivKj GKwU †WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi| 66| wm †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq KqwU KwÛkbvj K‡›Uªvj †÷U‡g›U
46| General purpose ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv cÖeZ©b K‡ib †K? i‡q‡Q?
DËi: General purpose ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv cÖeZ©b K‡ib weqvb© DËi: wm †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq g~jZ `ywU KwÛkbvj K‡›Uªvj †÷U‡g›U
÷ªI÷ªyc (Beiarne Stroustrup) | i‡q‡Q|
47| KZ mv‡j C++ Gi bvgKiY Kiv nq? 67| Ac‡Kv‡Wi c~Y©iƒc †KvbwU?
DËi: 1983 mv‡j C++ Gi bvgKiY Kiv nq| DËi: Ac‡Kv‡Wi c~Y©iƒc n‡jv Operation Code.
48| Rvfvi g~jgš¿ †KvbwU? 68| B›Uvi‡cÖUv‡ii KvR Kx?
DËi: Rvfvi g~jgš¿ n‡jv “Write once, run anywhere DËi: B›Uvi‡cÖUv‡ii KvR n‡jv nvB †j‡fj fvlv‡K †gwkb
(WORA).” fvlvq cwiYZ Kiv|
49| ‡WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷‡gi mswÿß iæc Kx? 69| A¨v‡m¤^jvi-Gi KvR Kx?
DËi: ‡WUv‡eR g¨v‡bR‡g›U wm‡÷‡gi mswÿß iƒc n‡jv DËi: A¨v‡m¤^jv‡ii KvR n‡jv A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq wjwLZ
DBMS| †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb fvlvi e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g Abyev` Kiv|
50| Rvfvi RbK †K? 70| wmbUªv· fzj Kx?
DËi: Rvfvi RbK †Rgm Mmwjs| DËi: wmbU¨v· fzj n‡jv †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi e¨vKiYMZ fzj|
51| A¨vjMwi`g Kx? 71| A¨v‡i (Array) Kx?
DËi: ‡Kv‡bv mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ ch©vqµwgK avcmg~nmn DËi: GKwU mvaviY †fwi‡qe‡ji bv‡gi AvIZvq †g‡gvwi‡Z
h_vh_ cÖwµqv ev Kvh©cÖYvwjB n‡jv A¨vjMwi`g| cici msiwÿZ GKB UvB‡ci KZK¸‡jv †WUvi mgwó-B
52| Kw¤úDUv‡i MÖnY/wbM©gb cÖZxK Kx ai‡bi? n‡jv A¨v‡i (Array)|
DËi: Kw¤úDUv‡i MÖnY/wbM©gb cÖZxK mvgšÍwiK AvK…wZi|
72| bZzb dvBj †Lvjvi Rb¨ Kx Ackb e¨envi Kiv nq?
53| Fortran fvlvi cÖeZ©b K‡i †Kvb †Kv¤úvwb? DËi: bZzb dvBj †Lvjvi Rb¨ File ‡gbyi New Ackb
DËi: Fortran fvlvi cÖeZ©b K‡i AvBeGg (IBM) e¨envi Kiv nq|
‡Kv¤úvwb| 73| Approximation c×wZ Kx?
54| PASCAL fvlvq †Kvb wPý e¨eüZ nq? DËi: Kw¤úDUv‡i fMœvskmn ev¯Íe msL¨v aviY I msiÿY
DËi: PASCAL fvlvq t= wPý e¨eüZ nq| c×wZB n‡jv Approximation c×wZ|
55| JAVA Kx? 74| aªæeK Kx?
DËi: JAVA n‡jv D”P¯Í‡ii GK ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv| DËi: ‡Kv‡bv AcwieZ©bxq gvbB n‡jv aªæeK|
56| ‘Bug’ A_© Kx? 75| (RAM) i¨vg Kx?

CBC-1:wmwU weÁvb K‡jR CBC-2:PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR 3

CBC-ICT Notes Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
DËi: ‡WUv msiÿY Kivi Rb¨ Kw¤úDUv‡ii cÖv_wgK †g‡gvwiB DËi: A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb fvlv ev hvwš¿K
n‡jv (RAM) i¨vg| fvlvq iƒcvšÍ‡ii cÖwµqvwUB n‡jv Abyev` †cÖvMÖvwgs|
76| wm †cÖvMÖv‡g Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq dvskb Kx? 84| BbcyU †÷U‡g›U Kx?
DËi: wm †cÖvMÖv‡gi Rb¨ AZ¨vek¨Kxq dvskb n‡jv main () DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡g Pj‡Ki gvb MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ †÷U‡g›UB
dvskb| n‡jv BbcyU †÷U‡g›U|
77| AbjvBb evwYR¨ Kx? 85| AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U Kx?
DËi: B‡jKUªwbK cÖwµqvq cY¨ †Kbv‡ePv I Avw_©K †jb‡`b DËi: ‡h †÷U‡g‡›Ui mvnv‡h¨ †cÖvMÖv‡gi djvdj gwbU‡i cÖ`k©b
Kvh©µgB AbjvBb evwYR¨| Kiv nq, Zv-B AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U|
78| ‡fwi‡qej Kx? 86| Scanf () Kx?
DËi: mgq wKsev Ae¯’v‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ hvi gvb cwiewZ©Z nq, DËi: Scanf () n‡jv GKwU di‡g‡UW BbcyU dvskb|
Zv-B †fwi‡qej| 87| wØgvwÎK A¨v‡i Kx?
79| ‡cÖvMÖvg K¤úBwjs Kx? DËi: ‡h A¨v‡i‡Z GKvwaK mvwi I GKvwaK Kjv‡g †WUv
DËi: ‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvq wjwLZ †mvm© †cÖvMÖvg‡K †gwkb Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq, Zv-B wØgwÎK A¨v‡i|
fvlvq cwieZ©b Kivi cÖwµqvB n‡jv K¤úvBwjs| 88| wÎgvwÎK A¨v‡i Kx?
80| ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi BbcyU Kx? DËi: wÎgvwÎK A¨v‡i n‡jv A¨v‡ii A¨v‡i|
DËi: ‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖv‡g mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ †h †WUv †`Iqv nq, 89| dvskb Kx?
Zv-B †cÖvMÖv‡gi BbcyU| DËi: eo †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg‡K †QvU †QvU As‡k fvM Kivi c×wZB
81| jyc Kx? n‡jv dvskb|
DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi †Kv‡bv Ask wbe©v‡ni mgq kZ©mv‡c‡ÿ evi evi 90| Printf ( ) dvskb Kx?
m¤úvw`Z Kivi cÖwµqvB jyc| DËi: Printf ( ) dvskb n‡jv AvDUcyU g¨vb AvDUcyU gva¨‡g
82| scanf ( ) dvsk‡bi Øviv Kx KvR nq? cvVv‡bvi ms‡KZ|
DËi: wm †cÖvMÖv‡g Kx-‡ev‡W©i †fwi‡qe‡ji gvb MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ 91| ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi AvDcyU Kx?
scanf ( ) dvskb e¨eüZ nq| DËi: ‡Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖv‡g mgvavb wn‡m‡e hv hvIqv hvq, Zv-B
83| Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvwgs Kx? AvDUcyU|

m„Rbkxj cÖkœ ÔLÕ bs (Abyavebg~jK) cÖ‡kœi Rb¨ ¸iæZ¡c~Y© cÖ‡kœvËimg~n

1| evi †KvW ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? DËi: C++ GKwU ga¨g ¯Í‡ii †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv ZvB G‡Z D”P¯Íi
DËi: evi †KvW ej‡Z c‡Y¨i c¨v‡K‡Ui Ic‡ii KwZcq Ges wb¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv¸‡jvi myweav mshy³ Av‡Q|
`vMvw¼Z †iLv Ask‡K †evSvq †hLv‡b c‡Y¨i bvg, C++ GK ai‡bi Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv|
cÖ¯‘ZKvixi bvg Ges c‡Y¨i g~j¨ †jLv _v‡K| g~jZ wmg~jv 67 Ges C †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi myweavRbK
gvby‡li myweavi Rb¨ evi †Kv‡Wi g‡a¨ cY¨mswkøó bvbv •ewk󨸇jvi mgš^q mvab K‡i C++ ‣Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Z_¨ evi AvKv‡i _v‡K| †mjmg¨vb we‡kl ai‡bi GwU RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv Ges mdUIq¨vi wk‡í eûj
¯‥¨vbv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ evi †KvW ¯‥¨vb K‡i †WUv Gw›Uª K‡ib| e¨eüZ nq| †hgb wm‡÷g mdUIq¨vi, we‡bv`b
d‡j c‡Y¨i g~j¨ ¯^qswµqfv‡e wba©viY n‡q hvq Ges KZ mdUIq¨vi BZ¨vw` †ÿ‡Î C++ e¨eüZ nq|
Kwgkb ev wWmKvD›U Zv gyn~‡Z©i g‡a¨ wcÖ›U AvKv‡i †ei 4| cvB_b ej‡Z Kx †evS? e¨vL¨v Ki|
n‡q Av‡m| DËi: cvB_b n‡jv GKwU Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv|
2| C- ‡K General Purpose ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv ejv nq ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv C ‡_‡K cvB_b •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| cvB_b
†Kb? wbg©vb Kivi mgq †cÖvMÖv‡gi cVb‡hvM¨Zvi Ici †ewk
DËi: C ‡cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvwU mvaviYZ meai‡bi Kv‡Ri Rb¨ †Rvi †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| GLv‡b †cÖvMÖv‡gi cwikÖg‡K
e¨eüZ nq e‡j G‡K General Purpose Kw¤úDUv‡ii †P‡q †ewk ¸iæZ¡ †`Iqv n‡q‡Q| cvB_b Gi
Programming Language ejv nq| †Kvi wmbU¨v· LyeB mswÿß, Z‡e fvlvwUi ÷¨vÛvW©
GKRb †cÖvMÖv‡gi †hme myweav `iKvi, †hgb-wewfbœ †WUv jvB‡eªwi A‡bK mg„×|
e¨env‡ii e¨vcK ¯^vaxbZv, ¯^í msL¨K Kx-IqvW©, `ªæZ I 5| 4GL ej‡Z Kx †evS?
`ÿZvi mv‡_ †cÖvMÖvg Pvjv‡bv Ges GKB mv‡_ D”P I DËi: 4GL n‡jv Kw¤úDUv‡ii Fourth Generation
wb¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv mgš^q Kiv BZ¨vw` me myweavB C- ‡Z Language A_©vr PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv|
Av‡Q| ZvB †h †Kv‡bv ai‡bi †cÖvMÖvg wjL‡Z C- fvlv PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv‡K ms‡ÿ‡c 4GL e‡j| mvaviYZ
e¨envi Kiv nq| cÖwZwU C ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi ïiæ‡Z main ( ) e¨enviKvixi Kv‡Q Kw¤úDUv‡ii e¨envi m‡e©v”P ch©v‡q
dvskbwU e¨envi Kiv nq| mnR Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ G ai‡bi fvlv •Zwi Kiv n‡q‡Q| G
3| C++ G D”P¯Íi Ges wb¤œ¯Í‡ii fvlv¸‡jvi myweav mshy³ fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg †jLvi ci cy‡ivUv K¤úvBj Kivi cÖ‡qvRb
Av‡Q †Kb? nq bv| GKwU KgvÛ †jLvi mv‡_ mv‡_B K¤úvBj n‡q
hvq| K‡qKwU PZz_© cÖR‡b¥i fvlv n‡jv- SQL,
NOMAD, FOCUS, Intelect BZ¨vw`|
CBC-1:wmwU weÁvb K‡jR CBC-2:PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR 4
CBC-ICT Notes Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
6| Abyev`K †cÖvMÖvg ej‡Z Kx †evS? DËi: ‡Kv‡bv wbw`©ó K¤úvBjvi GKwU gvÎ nvB †j‡fj fvlv‡K
DËi: ‡h †cÖvMÖvg Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K hvwš¿K fvlvq Abyev` K‡i e¯‘ †gwkb fvlvq cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i e‡j, wfbœ wfbœ nvB
†cÖvMÖv‡g iƒcvšÍiK‡i, †m †cÖvMÖvg‡K Drm †cÖvMÖvg e‡j| †j‡fj fvlvi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ K¤úvBjvi cÖ‡qvRb|
hw` wm j¨vs¸‡q‡R GKwU †cÖvMÖvg †jLv Z‡e Kw¤úDUvi G K¤úvBjvi D”P¯Í‡ii fvlvi Drm †cÖvMÖvg‡K e¯‘ †cÖvMÖv‡g
†cÖvMÖvgwU eyS‡e bv, G †cÖvMÖvgwU‡K Abyev` K‡i h‡š¿i Abyev` K‡i| m¤ú~Y© †cÖvMÖvgwU‡K GKmv‡_ c‡o Ges
fvlvq (evBbvwi‡Z) eywS‡q w`‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ cÖ‡qvRb GKmv‡_ Abyev`K‡i| GwU GKwU gvÎ nvB †j‡fj
nq GKwU Abyev`K †cÖvMÖv‡gi| †hgb- fvlv‡K †gwkb fvlvq cwiYZ Ki‡Z cv‡i, GRb¨ wfbœ
READGO Abyev`K 10010100101 nvB †j‡fj fvlvi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ K¤úvBjvi jv‡M|
12| A¨vjMwi`g j¨v¸‡qR‡K mve©Rbxb fvlv ejv nq †Kb?
Drm †cÖvMÖvg Abyev`K hvwš¿K fvlv DËi: me Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envi‡hvM¨Zvi Rb¨ A¨vjMwi`g
7| ‡cÖvMÖvg †Uw÷s Kiv nq †Kb? j¨vs¸‡qR‡K mve©Rbxb fvlv ejv nq|
DËi: ‡cÖvMÖvg iPbvi ci Zv mwVKfv‡e n‡q‡Q wKbv Zv Rvbvi Aviexq MwYZwe` Avj LvwiRwg Zuvi MwYZ eB‡Z me©cÖ_g
Rb¨ †cÖvMÖvg †Uw÷s Kiv nq| ÔA¨vjMwi`gÕ kãwU e¨envi K‡ib| GwU wbw`©ó †Kv‡bv
‡cÖvMÖvg †Uw÷s-Gi Rb¨ †cÖvMÖv‡g †WUvi wKQz gvb ewm‡q mgm¨v mgvav‡bi Rb¨ GKUv we‡kl cš’v| me Kw¤úDUv‡i
Kw¤úDUv‡ii mvnv‡h¨ Qvov wb‡Riv MYbv K‡i djvdj e¨envi‡hvM¨ •eÁvwbK I cÖ‡K․kjMZ mgm¨v mgvav‡bi
†ei Ki‡Z nq| Zvici †mB GKB †WUv Kw¤úDUv‡i j‡ÿ¨ mve©Rbxb fvlv wn‡m‡e 1958 mv‡j Gi D™¢e N‡U|
BbcyU w`‡q †h djvdj cvIqv hvq Zv wb‡R‡`i ZvB A¨vjMwi`g j¨vs¸‡qR‡K mve©Rbxb fvlv ejv nq|
djvd‡ji mv‡_ Zzjbvq hw` wg‡j hvq Z‡e wVK Av‡Q| 13| ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi msMVb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
Avi hw` djvdj bv wg‡j Z‡e eyS‡Z n‡e †cÖvMÖvg fzj DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi msMVb ej‡Z †Kvb †cÖvMÖv‡gi MVb‣kjx‡K
Av‡Q| fzj ms‡kva‡bi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbwq c`‡ÿc wb‡Z †evSvq|
n‡e| cÖ‡Z¨K †cÖvMÖv‡gi wZbwU Ask h_v- BbcyU, AvDUcyU Ges
8| Printf-Gi ¯’‡j print f wjL‡j GUv Kx ai‡bi f~j cÖ‡mwms _vKv Acwinvh©| BbcyU n‡jv djvdj jv‡fi Rb¨
Ges †Kb? †cÖvMÖv‡g †h WvUv I BÝUªvKkb †`Iqv nq ZvB AvDUcyU
DËi: Printf-Gi ¯’‡j print f wjL‡j wmbU¨v· fzj nq| n‡jv cÖwµqvKi‡Yi d‡j cÖvß djvdj| Avi cÖ‡mwms
wmbU¨v· fzj n‡jv †h fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg †jLv nq †mB fvlvi n‡jv †cÖvMÖv‡g †`qv wb‡`©k Abymv‡i cÖ‡`q †WUv‡K
e¨vKiYMZ fzj| †`Lv hvq, Printf kãwU GKmv‡_ A_©vr cÖwµqvKiY K‡i Z‡_¨ cwiYZ Kiv| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ w`‡q
Print I f Gi g‡a¨ †Kv‡bv Space ‡bB; wKš‘ Print f GKwU †cÖvMÖvg MwVZ n‡Z cv‡i| Avi GwU‡KB †cÖvMÖv‡gi
kãwUi g‡a¨ Space we`¨gvb| ZvB GwU GKwU msMVb ejv nq|
14| ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi g‡Wj ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
e¨vKiYMZ fzj| K¤úvBjvi w`‡q Abyev‡`i mgq GB fzj
mn‡RB aiv c‡o Ges Kw¤úDUvi‡K evZ©v w`‡q fzj DËi: my›`ifv‡e †cÖvMÖvg †jLv I mn‡R †evSvi Rb¨ †cÖvMÖvg
Rvwb‡q †`q| iPbvi †ÿ‡Î †hme g‡Wj e¨envi Kiv nq, Zv‡`i‡K
9| Ò Ó GUv †Kvb †d¬vPv‡U©i cÖZxK Ges †Kb? †cÖvMÖv‡gi g‡Wj e‡j|
‡cÖvMÖvg MVb Ki‡Z K‡qKwU †ÿ‡Î my›`i I mnRfv‡e
DËi: Ò Ó GB cÖZxKwU n‡jv GKwU wm‡÷g †d¬vPv‡U©i g‡Wj e¨envi Kiv nq| wbw`©ó GKwU we‡kl g‡Wj
cÖZxK|| e¨envi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Ki‡j Zv mn‡R Abyaveb Kiv
‡Kv‡bv ms¯’v ev msMV‡bi mKj Kv‡Ri avivevwnKZv hvq| eZ©gv‡b RbwcÖq †ek K‡qKwU †cÖvMÖvwgs g‡Wj n‡”Q
GKwU wP‡Îi gva¨‡g cÖKvk Ki‡j Zv‡K wm‡÷g †d¬vPvU© ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs, wfRy¨qvj †cÖvMÖvwgs, B‡f›U wWª‡fb
ejv nq| wm‡÷g †d¬vPv‡U©i mg¯Í KvR Kw¤úDUvi wbqwš¿Z †cÖvMÖvwgs BZ¨vw`|
15| eZ©gvb we‡k¦ Rvfv me‡P‡q RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvwgs¸‡jvi g‡a¨
bvI n‡Z cv‡i| wm‡÷g †d¬vPv‡U© wewfbœ ai‡bi cÖZ xK
wPý e¨envi Kiv nq| Ab¨Zg †Kb?
10| A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv‡K ga¨¯Í‡ii fvlv ejv hvq †Kb? DËi: eZ©gvb we‡k¦ Rvfv me‡P‡q RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv¸‡jvi
DËi: A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv †gwkb fvlv †_‡K DbœZ Avevi D”PZi Ab¨Zg nIqvi KviY n‡jv Gi enb‡hvM¨Zv, wbivcËv,
fvlvi mgKÿ bq e‡j GB fvlv‡K ga¨¯Í‡ii fvlv ejv Ae‡R± Iwi‡q‡›UW †cÖvMÖvwgs I I‡qe †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi
hvq| myweav|
1950 mvj †_‡K wØZxq cÖR‡b¥i ci Kw¤úDUv‡i 1991 mv‡j mvb gvB‡µvwm‡÷g Rvfv wWRvBb Kivi c‡i
A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi e¨vcK cÖPjb ïiæ nq| GB fvlv cÖ_g GwU AwZ `ªæZ we‡k¦i me‡P‡q RbwcÖq †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi
cÖR‡b¥i †gwkb fvlv †_‡K DbœZ wKš‘ D”PZi fvlvi GKwU‡Z cwiYZ nq| GwU I‡qe Gwcø‡Kkb, mvaviY
mgKÿ bq, G Rb¨ G fvlv‡K ga¨¯Í‡i fvlvI ejv n‡q †cÖvMÖvg BZ¨vw` wewfbœ ai‡bi Gwcø‡Kkb •Zwi‡Z e¨eüZ
_v‡K| G fvlvq wb‡`©k¸‡jv KZK¸‡jv ms‡KZ ev nq| Rvfvi †jLv †cÖvMÖvg †h‡Kv‡bv Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡g
†bgwbK †Kv‡W©i gva¨‡g †`Iqv nq| †hgb- CLR w`‡q Pvjv‡bv hvq hw` †mB Acv‡iwUs wm‡÷‡gi Rb¨ GKwU
Clear Accumulator, INP w`‡q Input BZ¨vw` Rvfv ivbUvBg Gbfvqib‡g›U _v‡K| Avi GB myweavB
†evSv‡bv nq| Rvfv‡K RbwcÖq K‡i‡Q|
11| wfbœ wfbœ nvB †j‡fj fvlvi Rb¨ wfbœ wfbœ K¤úvBjvi 16| Rv¤ú ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
cÖ‡qvRb †Kb?
CBC-1:wmwU weÁvb K‡jR CBC-2:PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR 5
CBC-ICT Notes Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡gi mij Abyµg‡K f½ K‡i †cÖvMÖv‡gi g‡a¨ GK w`‡q GKwU †cÖvMÖvg‡K Ggbfv‡e Dc¯’vcb Kiv nq hv
jvBb †_‡K cieZx© jvB‡b bv wM‡q Ic‡i ev wb‡P Ab¨ †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó Kw¤úDUvi ev †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlvi Ici
†Kv‡bv jvBb †_‡K KvR ïiæ Ki‡j, Zv‡K Rv¤ú ejv wbf©ikxj bq| GUv my›`i I mnR Bs‡iwR fvlvi mgm¨v
nq| mgvav‡bi cÖwZwU avc eY©Yv K‡i|
mij Abyµ‡gi cwieZ©‡bi Rb¨ kvLv ev Rv¤ú QuvP 22| A¨vjMwi`g I †d¬vPvU©-Gi g‡a¨ m¤úK© e¨vL¨v Ki|
e¨envi Kiv hvq| AMÖ I cðv‡Z Dfq cÖKvi Rv¤ú n‡Z DËi: GKwU †cÖvMÖvg iPbv I Kvh©Ki Ki‡Z cÖ‡qvRbxq
cv‡i| Zvi Pµ AveZ©‡bi Rb¨ cðvr Rv¤ú `iKvi nq| ch©vqµwgK Kvh©weeiYx‡K A¨vjMwi`g e‡j|
Avi wKQz wb‡`©k ev` w`‡q mij Abyµ‡g cwieZ©b K‡i A¨vjMwi`‡gi mvnv‡h¨ GKwU mgm¨v‡K K‡qKwU av‡c
†cÖvMÖvg wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ AMÖ Rv¤ú cÖ‡qvRb nq| †f‡O cÖ‡Z¨KwU avc cici mgvavb K‡i mgMÖ mgm¨v‡K
17| hvwš¿K fvlvq †jLv †cÖvMÖvg `ªæZ wbe©vwnZ nq †Kb? mgvavb Kiv hvq| Avi A¨vjMwi`‡gi avcmg~‡ni
DËi: Kw¤úDUvi GKgvÎ hvwš¿K ev †gwkb fvlvB mivmwi eyS‡Z wPÎiƒc‡K †d¬vPvU© ejv nq| †d¬vPvU© n‡jv Ggb KZK¸‡jv
cv‡i e‡j G fvlvq †jLv †cÖvMÖvg `ªæZ wbe©vwnZ nq| Qwe hv †_‡K †evSv hvq mgm¨v mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡j cici
fvlvi me©wb¤œ ¯Íi n‡jv †gwkb fvlv Z_v hvwš¿K fvlv| Kxfv‡e AMÖmi n‡Z n‡e| †d¬vPv‡U© KZK¸‡jv R¨vwgwZK
1945 mvj †_‡K †gwkb fvlv Kw¤úDUv‡i cÖPjb nq| Qwe ev A¨v‡m¤^wj wPý e¨envi Kiv nq|
†gwkb fvlvq 0 I 1 e¨envi K‡i wb‡`©k I †cÖvMÖvg †jLv 23| Printf () I Getch () dvsk‡bi KvR e¨vL¨v Ki|
nq| †gwkb fvlv g~jZ hš¿wbf©i, G‡Z †h Kw¤úDUv‡ii DËi: C fvlvq AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U wn‡m‡e eûj e¨eüZ dvskb
Rb¨ †cÖvMÖvg •Zwi Kiv nq Zv Ab¨ Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envi n‡jv printf (), hvi mvnv‡h¨ w÷ªs ev w÷ªsmn wewfbœ
Kiv hvq bv| Kw¤úDUvi mivmwi GB fvlv eyS‡Z cv‡i, UvB‡ci (‡hgb-int, Char, float BZ¨vw`) †WUvi gvb
ZvB GB fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg `ªæZ wbe©vwnZ nq| gwbU‡i w¯…‡b cÖ`k©b Kiv hvq|
18| Rvfv‡K Interpreted language ejv nq †Kb? ‡cÖvMÖvwgs‡qi †ÿ‡Î GKwU K‡i BbcyU w`‡Z getch ()
DËi: fvPz©qvj †gwk‡bi gva¨‡g evBU †KvW c‡o †cÖvMÖvg Pvjv‡bv dvskb e¨envi Kiv nq| A_©vr C ‡cÖvMÖvwgs‡qi Rb¨
nq e‡j Rvfv‡K Interpreted language ejv nq| print () I getch () DfqB Acwinvh© dvskb wn‡m‡e
Rvfv‡Z GKwU †cÖvMÖvg †jLvi ci †cÖvMÖvgvi hKb KvR K‡i|
compile K‡i ZLb GKwU byte code ‣Zwi nq| Avi
GwU †h dvB‡j ivLv nq Zv‡K class file e‡j| GB 24| wm‡÷g we‡kølY ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
class file Pvjv‡bvi Rb¨ Rvfv cÖ‡YZviv •Zwi K‡ib DËi: wm‡÷g we‡kølY ej‡Z GKwU wm‡÷g m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ
Rvfv fvPz©qvj †gwkb (java Virtual Machine) ev ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv‡K †evSvq|
JVM| GB fvPz©qvj †gwk‡bi gva¨‡g evBU †KvW c‡o wm‡÷g we‡kølY Ki‡Z n‡j cÖ_‡g wm‡÷g m¤ú‡K©
†cÖvMÖvg Pvjv‡bv nq e‡j Rvfv‡K Interpreted we¯ÍvwiZ Rvb‡Z n‡e| wm‡÷‡gi Kv‡R †Kvb ai‡bi
language ejv nq| myweav Ges †Kvb ai‡bi Amyweav i‡q‡Q Zv Lyu‡R †ei
19| hš¿wbf©i fvlv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? Ki‡Z n‡e| wm‡÷‡gi myweav I Amyweav Z`viwK Kivi
DËi: hš¿wbf©i fvlv ej‡Z wfbœ wfbœ Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨eüZ wfbœ ci mgm¨v _vK‡j mgvavb Ki‡Z n‡e| me©‡kl wm‡÷g‡K
wfbœ fvlv‡K †evSvq| AviI AvaywbKvqb K‡i Zzj‡Z n‡e| Gfv‡e †h‡Kv‡bv
hš¿wbf©i fvlvq wjwLZ †cÖvMÖvg †h Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ †jLv wm‡÷g we‡kølY Kiv m¤¢e nq|
nq Zv ïay G Kw¤úDUv‡iB KvR Ki‡e, Zv Ab¨ 25| ‡cÖvMÖv‡g BDRvi wWdvBÛ dvskb e¨env‡ii myweav¸‡jv
Kw¤úDUv‡i e¨envi Kiv hvq bv| A¨v‡m¤^wj †m iKg e¨vL¨v Ki|
GKwU hš¿wbf©i fvlv| wfbœ wfbœ Kw¤úDUv‡ii Rb¨ DËi: wm-‡cÖvMÖv‡g †cÖvMÖv‡gi Zvi wbR¯^ cÖ‡qvRb Abyhvqx †h
Av¨v‡m¤^wj fvlv wfbœ wfbœ n‡q _v‡K| hš¿wbf©ikxjZv mKj dvskb eY©bv K‡i Main () dvsk‡b e¨envi
A¨v‡m¤^wj fvlvi GKwU eo AšÍivq| K‡ib, Zv‡K BDRvi wWdvBÛ dvskb ev e¨enviKvix
20| WKz‡g‡›Ukb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? ewY©Z dvskb ejv nq|
DËi: WKz‡g‡›Ukb ej‡Z A¨vjMwi`g, †d¬vPvU©, MÖvd, †KvwWs, wWdvBÛ dvsk‡bi cÖavb myweav n‡jv Kv‡Ri cÖ‡qvR‡b
cixÿvi djvdj, e¨enviKvixi Rb¨ cÖ‡qvRbxq wb‡`©k †cÖvMÖvgvi †h‡Kv‡bv ¯^xK…Z †cÖvMÖv‡g cwieZ©b Avb‡Z
BZ¨vw` wel‡q mgm¨v m¤úwK©Z wjwLZ weeiY‡K †evSvq| cv‡ib| A_©vr m¤úv`bv K‡i bZzb wKQz DcvË cÖ‡ek
WKz‡g‡›Ukb †cÖvMÖvgvi‡K †cÖvMÖvg •Zwii cÖ‡Z¨K av‡c Kiv‡Z cv‡ib| Gi d‡j e¨enviKvix Kv‡R myweav cvq|
mvnvh¨ K‡i _v‡K, hvi d‡j †cÖvMÖvgwU ¯’vqxfv‡e iwÿZ 26| ‡cÖvMÖvwgs Gbfvqib‡g‡›Ui cÖ‡qvRbxqZv e¨vL¨v Ki|
nq| WKz‡g‡›Ukb Qvov †cÖvMÖvg wieZ©b Kiv hvq bv| DËi: ‡cÖvMÖvg •Zwii Rb¨ †h avcmg~n i‡q‡Q Zv-B †cÖvMÖvwgs
wVKfv‡e WKz‡g‡›Ukb Kiv bv _vK‡j c‡i †cÖvMÖvg Gbfvqib‡g›U|
†Kv‡bvfv‡e cwieZ©b Kiv Am¤¢e n‡q c‡o| GRb¨ ‡cÖvMÖvwgs Gbfvqib‡g›U m¤ú‡K© my¯úó aviYv bv _vK‡j
WKz‡g‡›Ukb AZ¨šÍ ¸iæZ¡c~Y©| †cÖvMÖvg •Zwi Kiv m¤¢e bq| †cÖvMÖvg •Zwii Rb¨ cÖ_‡gB
21| my‡Wv‡KvW ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? mgm¨v wPwýZ K‡i Zv we‡kølY Ki‡Z nq| Gici †cÖvMÖvg
DËi: my‡Wv‡KvW ej‡Z †cÖvMÖv‡gi aib Ges Kvh©cÖYvwj msewjZ wWRvBb K‡i †cÖvMÖv‡gi Rb¨ †KvwWs wjL‡Z nq| †KvwWs
wKQz msL¨K wb‡`©k ev †÷U‡g‡›Ui mgwó‡K †evSvq| †jLv n‡j †cÖvMÖvgwU †U÷ Ki‡Z nq| G‡ÿ‡Î fzj _vK‡j
Ômy‡Wv‡KvW A¨vjMwi`‡gi c~e© cÖ¯‘wZ ev A‡bK †ÿ‡Î wWevwMs-Gi cÖ‡qvRb nq| me‡k‡l †cÖvMÖvgwU msiÿY
A¨vjMwi`‡gi weKí wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i _v‡K| my‡Wv‡KvW Ki‡Z nq| Gfv‡e meKwU avc wg‡jB A_©vr †cÖvMÖvwgs
CBC-1:wmwU weÁvb K‡jR CBC-2:PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR 6
CBC-ICT Notes Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
Gbfvqib‡g›U-Gi m¤ú~Y©Zvi gva¨‡g GKwU †cÖvMÖvg •Zwi 32| C ‡cÖvMÖvg ej‡Z Kx †evS?
nq| DËi: „C‟ n‡”Q GKU nvB †j‡fj †cÖvMÖvwgs fvlv|
27| A¨v‡i Pj‡Ki myweav e¨vL¨v Ki| Kw¤úDUvi Zvi wb‡Ri ‡evaMg¨ fvlvq wb‡`©kbv `v‡bi
DËi: A¨v‡i n‡jv Ggb GK ai‡bi †WUv ÷ªvKPvi hv‡Z GKB Rb¨ mywbw`©ó wbqg Abyhvqx e¨eüZ eY©, kã ms‡KZ
ai‡bi †WUv msiwÿZ nq| Gi e¨envi †ek myweavRbK| BZ¨vw` web¨vmB n‡”Q †cÖvMÖvg| Kw¤úDUvi‡K wb‡`©k
GKwU A¨v‡ii g‡a¨ A‡bK¸‡jv Pj‡Ki gvb ivLv hvq| cÖ`v‡bi Rb¨ Avgiv †h fvlv e¨envi K‡i _vwK Zv‡K
A¨v‡ii element ¸‡jv †g‡gvwi‡Z cvkvcvwk _v‡K e‡j †cÖvMÖv‡gi fvlv e‡j| ÔwmÕ †cÖvMÖvwgs n‡jv General
Lye `ªæZ Zv‡`i Access Kiv hvq| Avevi A¨v‡i purpose structured programming language,
Declare Ki‡j †cÖvMÖvg Lye `ªæZ wbe©vn Kiv hvq| A‡bK hvi d‡j MwVZ nq dvskb, G·‡cÖkb Ges wKQz msL¨K
RwUj †cÖvMÖvg A¨v‡i e¨envi K‡i mgvavb Kiv hvq| Zv key, word (if,do,while etc) Gi mgš^‡q|
Qvov A¨v‡i e¨envi Ki‡j †cÖvMÖv‡gi AvKvi †QvU nq| 33| dvskb ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
28| Two dimensional array PjK ej‡Z Kx †evS? DËi: eo †Kv‡bv †cÖvMÖvg‡K †QvU †QvU As‡k fvM Kivi
DËi: A¨v‡i‡Z GKwU subscript _vK‡j Zv‡K one c×wZ‡K dvskb e‡j|
dimensional array e‡j| dvskb GKwU wbw`©ó bv‡g jvB‡eªwi‡Z Rgv _v‡K Ges
`ywU subscript _vK‡j Zv‡K two dimensional cÖ‡qvR‡b †mB dvsk‡bi Rb¨ wba©vwiZ KvR¸‡jv Kiv
array e‡j| †hgb- int a [3] [4] GKwU two hvq| C fvlvq jvB‡eªwi dvsk‡bi e¨envi Av‡Q Ges G
dimensional array. Two dimensional array- fvlvq A‡bK dvskb msiwÿZ _v‡K| †cÖvMÖv‡g
Gi †ÿ‡Î cÖ_g subscripts Øviv mvwi I wØZxq dvskb¸‡jv D‡jøL K‡i w`‡Z nq| C fvlvq me‡P‡q
subscripts Øviv Kjvg †evSvq| †hgb- Kgb GKwU dvskb Main () e¨envi Kiv nq|
a[3] [4] = a [0] [0] a[0][1]a[0][2]a[0][3] 34| B‡f›U WªvB‡fb †cÖvMÖvwgs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
= a[1][0]a[1][1]a[1][2] a[1] [3] DËi: ‡h †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi wewfbœ wb‡`©k ev Bb÷ªvKkb wP‡Îi
= a[2][0] a[2][1] a[2][2] a[2][3] gva¨‡g †`Iqv nq Zv‡K B‡f›U WªvB‡fb †cÖvMÖvwgs e‡j|
29| ‡Kvb RvZxq †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUvi evsjv-Bs‡iwR Kx-‡ev‡W©i †Kv‡bv Kx †Z Pvc †`Iqv, †Kv‡bv we‡kl
†jLv eyS‡Z cv‡i? K‡›Uªv‡ji Ici gvD‡mi c‡q›U w`‡q wK¬K Kiv
DËi: Abyev`K †cÖvMÖv‡gi mvnv‡h¨ Kw¤úDUvi evsjv-Bs‡iwR BZ¨vw`n‡jv B‡f›U| e¨enviKvix hLb †Kv‡bv KgvÛ
†jLv eyS‡Z cv‡i| evU‡bi Ici wK¬K K‡ib ZLb †mB wb‡`©kwU Kvh©Ki|
Kw¤úDUv‡ii fvlvi me©wb¤œ ¯Íi n‡jv †gwkb fvlv| †gwkb nq| G‡ÿ‡Î Command n‡”Q Ôwbqš¿YÕ ev ÔK‡›UªvjÕ
fvlvq 0 I 1 GB `yB evBbvwi AsK ev †n· c×wZ Ges wK¬K Kiv n‡”Q ÔB‡f›UÕ|
e¨envi K‡i me wKQz †jLv nq| Kw¤úDUvi GKgvÎ GB 35| wfRy¨qvj †cÖvMÖvwgs ej‡Z Kx †evSvq?
†gwkb fvlvB eyS‡Z cv‡i| Ab¨ fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg Ki‡j DËi: ÷ªvKPvW© †cÖvMÖvwgs-Gi KvVv‡gv I fvlv‡K cwi‡e‡k
Kw¤úDUvi Av‡M Dchy³ Abyev`‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ Zv †gwkb iæcvšÍwiZ K‡i •Zwi Kiv †cÖvMÖvwgs‡K wfRyq¨vj †cÖvMÖvwgs
fvlvq cwiYZ K‡i| ejv nq|
30| ‡gwkb fvlv ej‡Z Kx †evSvq? wfRyq¨vj †cÖvMÖvwgs n‡jv GUI (Graphical User
DËi: ‡gwkb fvlv ej‡Z Kw¤úDUv‡i mivmwi †evaMg¨ fvlv‡K Interface) cwi‡e‡k •Zwi Kivi †cÖvMÖvg| G cwi‡e‡k
‡evSvq| Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek `„k¨gvb| d‡j e¨enviKvix †ewk myweav
Kw¤úDUvi †cÖvMÖvg Kivi g~j fvlv n‡jv †gwkb fvlv| †h †fvM Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zzjbvg~jKfv‡e Kg wb‡`©k I
fvlv‡ZB †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Kiv †nvK bv †Kb †kl ch©šÍ Zv †÷U‡g›U e¨envi K‡i †cÖvMÖvg iPbv Kiv hvq|
†gwkb fvlv‡ZB iƒcvšÍwiZ nq| †gwkb fvlv Kw¤úDUv‡ii 36| C- ‡K Mid Level-Language ejv nq †Kb?
wbR¯^ fvlv, hv †Kv‡bviƒc iƒcvšÍi Qvov wbe©vn Kiv hvq DËi: C-‡K Mid Level-Language ejv nq| KviY-G‡Z
bv| †gwkb fvlvq cÖwZwU wb‡`©k, ¯§„wZi Ae¯’vb, †WUv D”P ¯Í‡ii fvlvi myweavi mv‡_ mv‡_ Assemble fvlvi
wjwLZ nq evBbvwi‡Z| GRb¨ †gwkb fvlvq †cÖvMÖvg ms‡hvM NUv‡bv hvq|
iPbvi Rb¨ †gwk‡bi Af¨šÍixY MVb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z nq| ga¨ ch©v‡qi fvlv wn‡m‡e C-‡Z Assemble fvlvi
31| ‡cÖvMÖvg we‡kølY †Kb Kiv nq? g‡Zv Bit, Byte, Memory I Address wb‡q
DËi: mgm¨v wPwýZ Kivi ci Zv mgvavb Kivi Dcvq †ei B”Qvg‡Zv KvR Kiv hvq| Avevi D”P¯Í ‡ii fvlvi g‡Zv
Ki‡Z †cÖvMÖvg we‡kølY Kiv nq| G‡Z wewfbœ †WUv UvBc wb‡q KvR Kiv hvq| ZvQvov †WUv
‡cÖvMÖvg iPbvi me‡P‡q ¸iæZ¡c~Y© avc n‡”Q †cÖvMÖvg UvBc wewfbœ ai‡bi n‡jI C- ‡Z G¸‡jv‡K mn‡R
we‡kølY| mgm¨v wPwýZ Kivi ci Zv we‡kølY K‡i iƒcvšÍi I wgkÖY Kiv hvq|
mgvavb Kivi Dcvq †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| GRb¨ mgm¨vi 37| BbcyU-AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U ej‡Z Kx †evS?
KvVv‡gvMZ eY©bv cÖ¯‘Z Ges cÖ‡qvR‡b mgm¨vi MvwYwZK DËi: ‡cÖvMÖv‡g Pj‡Ki gvb MÖnY Kivi Rb¨ e¨eüZ †÷U‡g›U‡K
g‡Wj cÖ¯‘Z Kivmn BbcyU/AvDUcyU Dcv‡Ëi •ewkó¨ BbcyU †÷U‡g›U e‡j| Aciw`‡K †hmKj †÷U‡g‡›Ui
eY©bv Kiv, BbcyU/AvDUcyU miÄvg wbe©vPb Ges mvnv‡h¨ †cÖvMÖv‡gi djvdj gwbU‡i cÖ`k©b Kiv nq,
cÖ‡qvRbgZ Kw¤úDUvi ¯§„wZ wba©viY K‡i| G QvovI G Zv‡`i‡K AvDUcyU †÷U‡g›U e‡j| Kx-‡evW© †_‡K Aÿi
av‡c mgm¨vwU mgvav‡b KZ mgq jvM‡e Ges KZ Rbej
`iKvi, KZ e¨q n‡e Zv wba©viY Kiv nq|
CBC-1:wmwU weÁvb K‡jR CBC-2:PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR 7
CBC-ICT Notes Z_¨ I †hvMv‡hvM cÖhyw³ : wek¦ I evsjv‡`k †cÖwÿZ
RvZxq †WUv Bbcy‡Ui Rb¨ Ges gwbU‡ii c`©vq cÖ`k©‡bi DËi: ‡h wP‡Îi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv wm‡÷g ev †cÖvMÖvg Kxfv‡e KvR
Rb¨ C-‡Z K‡qK ai‡bi †÷U‡g›U e¨envi Kiv nq| Ki‡e Zvi MwZaviv wb‡`©k Kiv nq Zv‡K †d¬vPvU© ev
38| A¨vjMwi`g †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg iPbv mnR nq †Kb? cÖevnwPÎ e‡j|
DËi: A¨vjMwi`‡gi gva¨‡g †Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri cwiKíbv wjwLZ cÖevnwPÎ n‡”Q A¨vjMwi`‡gi wPÎiƒc| eo †cÖvMÖv‡gi
AvKv‡i †`Iqv _v‡K| Avi cwiKíbvgvwdK Kv‡R AMÖmi †ÿ‡Î Aek¨B cÖevnwPÎ AsKb Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY
n‡j KvRwU myôzfv‡e m¤úbœ nq| cÖevnwPÎ †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg iPbv mnR nq| Zv Qvov cÖevnwPÎ
‡Kv‡bv Kv‡Ri Dcvq‡K †QvU †QvU As‡k wef³ K‡i †mB †_‡K GKwU †cÖvMÖvg m¤ú‡K© mn‡RB mvgwMÖK aviYv cvIqv
Ask¸‡jv‡K hyw³m½Zfv‡e ch©vqµ‡g Kw¤úDUvi w`‡q hvq|
m¤úbœ Kiv nq| Kw¤úDUv‡i mgm¨v mgvav‡bi G †h․w³K
µgvbymvix c×wZ‡K ejv nq A¨vjMwi`g| ZvB
A¨vjMwi`g †_‡K †cÖvMÖvg iPbv mnR nq|
39| cÖevnwPÎ ej‡Z Kx †evS?

= = = = = mgvß = = = = = =

CBC-1:wmwU weÁvb K‡jR CBC-2:PÆMÖvg weÁvb K‡jR 8