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Java Constructors and Access Specifiers

The document explains Java constructors, which are special methods called upon object creation to initialize instance variables, detailing their features and types (default and parameterized) with example programs. It also discusses Java access specifiers (public, private, protected, and default) that define the visibility of classes, variables, methods, and constructors, providing examples for each. The content is structured to cover essential points for a comprehensive understanding of both topics.

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sarankumarvelmurugann
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27 views5 pages

Java Constructors and Access Specifiers

The document explains Java constructors, which are special methods called upon object creation to initialize instance variables, detailing their features and types (default and parameterized) with example programs. It also discusses Java access specifiers (public, private, protected, and default) that define the visibility of classes, variables, methods, and constructors, providing examples for each. The content is structured to cover essential points for a comprehensive understanding of both topics.

Uploaded by

sarankumarvelmurugann
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Java Constructor explanation

Here you go Saran ✨—13-marks combined answer with clear explanation + simple
programs.

(i) What is Java Constructor?


(7 Marks)

Definition
A constructor in Java is a special method that is automatically called when an object
is created.
It is used to initialize objects, i.e., to assign initial values to instance variables.

Features of Constructor
1. Constructor name must be same as class name.
2. It has no return type, not even void.
3. It is executed automatically when new keyword is used.
4. There are two types:
Default Constructor
Parameterized Constructor

Example Program

1. Default Constructor

java

class Student {
int id;
String name;

// Default constructor
Student() {
id = 1;
name = "Saran";
}

1/5
void display() {
[Link](id + " " + name);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Student s = new Student(); // constructor called automatically
[Link]();
}
}

2. Parameterized Constructor

java

class Student {
int id;
String name;

// Parameterized constructor
Student(int i, String n) {
id = i;
name = n;
}

void display() {
[Link](id + " " + name);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {


Student s = new Student(101, "Arun");
[Link]();
}
}

Output

101 Arun

2/5
(ii) Discuss Java Access Specifiers with Example.
(6 Marks)

Access specifiers define visibility of classes, variables, methods, and constructors.

Java provides four access specifiers:

1. public
Accessible from anywhere in the program.

Example:

java

public class Demo {


public int a = 10;

public void display() {


[Link]("Public Method");
}
}

2. private
Accessible only within the same class.
Cannot be accessed outside the class.

Example:

java

class Demo {
private int data = 50;

private void show() {


[Link]("Private Method");
}
}

3/5
3. protected
Accessible:
inside the same class
within the same package
in subclasses (even in different packages)

Example:

java

class A {
protected int x = 30;
}

4. Default (no keyword)


Accessible only within the same package.

Example:

java

class Test {
int num = 20; // default access
}

Simple Program Showing All Access Specifiers


java

package pack1;

public class A {
public int a = 10;
private int b = 20;
protected int c = 30;
int d = 40; // default

public void display() {

4/5
[Link]("Public: " + a);
[Link]("Private: " + b);
[Link]("Protected: " + c);
[Link]("Default: " + d);
}
}

package pack2;
import pack1.A;

class B extends A {
public static void main(String[] args) {
B obj = new B();
[Link](obj.a); // public
[Link](obj.c); // protected
// obj.d -> ERROR (default)
// obj.b -> ERROR (private)
}
}

Perfect 13-Marks Points Coverage


✔ Definition
✔ Types of constructors
✔ Example programs
✔ Features of constructors
✔ All four access specifiers
✔ Simple, clean examples
✔ Inheritance coverage for protected

If you want, I can also prepare this as a PDF 📄.

5/5

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