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Understanding Volcanic Eruptions and Hazards

The document outlines the process of volcanic eruption, detailing the formation of gas bubbles in magma through vesiculation, which can occur via decompression or crystallization. It also lists various volcanic hazards, such as ash fall, mud flow, lava flow, and pyroclastic flow, and provides precautionary measures for individuals living near volcanoes before, during, and after an eruption. The importance of understanding local volcanic activity and adhering to safety protocols is emphasized.

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jakestone1829
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5 views22 pages

Understanding Volcanic Eruptions and Hazards

The document outlines the process of volcanic eruption, detailing the formation of gas bubbles in magma through vesiculation, which can occur via decompression or crystallization. It also lists various volcanic hazards, such as ash fall, mud flow, lava flow, and pyroclastic flow, and provides precautionary measures for individuals living near volcanoes before, during, and after an eruption. The importance of understanding local volcanic activity and adhering to safety protocols is emphasized.

Uploaded by

jakestone1829
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

PROCESS OF

PROCESS OF VOLCANIC
VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
ERUPTION
Magma contains dissolved gases mostly water
vapor, carbon dioxide, and sulfur dioxide.

As dissolved gases are released from the


magma, bubbles will begin to form through the
process called vesiculation.
Vesiculation
- the process where gas bubbles form in magma
or lava.
- can occur by decompression or crystallization.
Bubbles frozen in a porous or frothy volcanic
rock are called vesicles.
Decompression
- the confining pressure is lowered when
magma rises which promotes bubble formation.
similar to bubble formation in soda bottles
when opened.
Crystallization
- the vapor pressure of the residual liquid of
the cooling magma increases leading to
vesiculation.
similar to bubble formation in soda bottles
when opened.
VOLCANIC HAZARDS
VOLCANIC HAZARDS AND
AND
THEIR EFFECTS
THEIR EFFECTS
Volcanic hazards
- are phenomena arising from volcanic activity
that poses potential threat to people and
property.
List of volcanic hazards common in the
Philippine active volcanoes:
Ash fall – pulverized rocks, sand, gritty and
harsh glasses shoot out in the air by volcano.
Mud flow – mixture of water, molten rocks
and debris flowing down from the side of
volcano to the ground. It is also called as
Lahar.
Lava flow – streams of molten rocks and other
fragmented materials emitted by erupting
volcano.
Pyroclastic flow – fast moving hot mixtures of
gas, ash, and molten rocks moving away from
the volcano to the ground.
why do
why do people
people live
live
near volcanoes?
near volcanoes?
Precautionary
Precautionary
measures
measures
BEFORE

Know the facts about volcanoes in your area like danger


zones and history of eruptions.
Know the location of designated evacuation site.
Listen to the announcement of your authorities.
Stock clean and safe drinking water and other food
supplies.
DURING
Stay inside your homes and keep doors and windows
close. Secure you water and food supplies.
Wear mask, eye googles or face shield if you need to go
out.
Do not go near the danger zones.
Listen to the news via television or radio devices.
Obey the evacuation orders of the authorities.
AFTER
Assess the situation if it is safe to go out.
Check the perimeter of your house for any possible
damage. Clean and remove the volcanic ashes in the roof,
gutters, and windows.
Replace contaminated water and food supplies.
Stay updated in news and announcements from your
authorities.

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