Define the following:
Language Processor:Language processors translate the program written in High Level Language used by
the programmers to binar code i.e., O’s and 1’s which a computer understands.
Device Driver:Device drivers are special programs which control the execution of a particular hardware
device.
Assembly Language:The programs written in Assembly Language are converted to Machine language
using the assembler.
a. Dumpster Diving:It is a technique used to retrieve personal information of a user from his
discarded documents.
b. Spidering:Spidering uses programs, which can scan the pages of a website one by one, and in
this process, it scans and extracts the useful information and stores it in search engine’s
database. The
Information in the database can then be used to extract useful information related to a company or
institution, etc.
c. Phishing:It is the act of illegally acquiring personal and sensitive information such as, online
banking details, credit card details, and other login details, of an individual by sending malicious
e-mails or by creating web pages that can collect this information as they appear to come from
very famous organizations.
d. Shoulder Surfing: It is obtaining personal information, such as a PIN at an ATM machine, personal
details while filling up a form, or the lock code of a smartphone through direct observation by
looking over a person’s shoulder. This happens in crowded places such as banks, ATMs, and while
travelling by metro and bus.
e. Keyloggers:These are software
Designed to capture keystrokes without being identified by the user or security
Program
f. NIC:A NIC (Network Interface Card) is a computer hardware component that allows a computer
to connect to a network and send and receive data.
g. Word Processing:A Word processor is an Application software capable of creating, editing,
saving, and printing documents.
h. Presentation:The Presentation software an applicationsoftware which wond to create
multimedia presentations in the furm of slide shows.
i. Animation:The ability to move objects like text, graphics, charts, logos etc. In all directions of the
slide is called Animation.
j. Slide Layout:Slide Layout defines the basic structure of a slide. It provides you different ways to
position your text, images, and other graphic options
k. Spreadsheet:The term “spreadsheet” is used widely in accounting and business today.
l. Chart:A chart is a graphical representation of data in a worksheet
2. Write a short note on the following:
a. Cyber Law:Cyber law or Internet law is a term that encapsulates the legal issues related to the
use of the Internet. With the increase in number of crimes related to the Internet (frauds, tax
evasion, and phishing etc.) urgent need was felt to introduce an act of law against such crimes.
With this view in mind, the Indian Government Introduced Information Technology Act 2000 also
known as ITA-2000 or IT Act on October 17, 2000.
b. Cyber Terrorism:Cyberterrorism is the act of conducting terrorism through the use of computers
and the internet in
Order to cause fear and panic. Cyberterrorism involves large scale disruption of computers,
telecommunication networks, or information system so as to compel the government or its people to
fulfill some social, religious, or political objectives.
c. User Agent:User agent refers to the software program such as your browser or a session
initiating application (E.g.. Skype or any other web-calling application). When you initiate a web
session, these applications pass your information such as application type, operating system
used, software source, version, etc. This information can be tracked and stored by web servers to
determine the user’s web activities and [Link] can find out the details that are sent by
your browser to a website by typing “my user agent” in your browser. After ou press the Enter
key, the
Details similar to the screenshot given below are displayed. The details include the browser name, its
version data, etc.
d. Wi-Max:WiMax stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access. It is a
telecommunication protocol that provides fixed and mobile internet services. WiMax requires a
tower called WiMax Base Station, that is connected to the Internet using a standard wired high-
speed connection. The connectivity between the tower and the end user is provided through
microwave link. WiMax technology provides high speed connection upto 75 Mbps over an area
of 30 miles for fixed stations and 3-10 miles for mobile stations.
e. Mobile OS:Mobile Operating System is also known as Mobile OS. It is particularly designed to
operate smartphones, PDAs, tablets and other mobile devices. Mobile
Operating System is a software, which provides platform on which other programs or applications can
run on mobile devices. With the advent of Mobile OS, the technology savvy people are no more confined
to a particular geographical [Link] has empowered the users to check their mails, files, and to work
on the data from anywhere and anytime.
There are various kind of Mobile Operating System used in smartphones such as, BlackBerry (RIM),
Android (Google), IOS (Apple), Symbian (Nokia), and Windows Mobile (Microsoft).
f. Modem: A modem enables you to connect your computer to the available Internet connection
over the existing telephone lines. It converts the digital signals of a computer into analog signals
to enable their transmission via phone lines. At the destination, the receiving
Modem further converts the analog signal into digital signals so that the data can be understood at the
receiving end.
g. Online identity:We first have to create a log in, which requires to key-in a lot of personal
information such as, your name, date of birth, address, etc.
This information creates your online identity or social identity on the Internet. People actually look at
your online identity when they see your profile on the social networking sites.
h. BIOS :BIOS, or Basic Input/Output System, is a firmware that runs on a computer’s motherboard
and controls basic hardware func
i. OCR:It is used to read characters from a printed paper into the computer. The shape of the
character is recognized by OCR through a light source in conjunction with photoelectric cells.
When a text page
Is scanned, it is converted into a computer readable form and reproduced in a form that looks similar to
a page that has been typed. The software then places the text into a document that can be edited using
any wont processor or text editor
j. OMR: OMR is a device for capturing data formed by dark and light marks on specific positions of
the paper It is a special device that can detect marks made with ink or pencil. OMR requires a
special printed paper that contains boxes or circles for shading. The shaded marks are translated
into electrical signals based on the presence or absence of shaded marks. This format is used by
various entrance examinations for marking objective type questions. The answer sheets are
inserted into OMR for calculating the scores. It has a great speed and the marking is error free.
k. MICR:MICR is primarily used by the
Banking industry to facilitate the processing of cheques. This technology allows computers to read
information (such as account numbers) from the printed documents. MICR characters are printed in
special typefaces with a magnetic ink or toner, usually containing iron oxide. As a machine decodes the
MICR text, it first magnetizes the characters in the plane surface of the paper. Then, the characters are
passed over an MICR read head, a device similar to the playback head of a tape recorder As each
character passes over the head, it produces a unique wave form that can easily be identified by the
system. Unlike barcodes or similar technologies, MICR endes can easily be read by humans
l. Identity Theft:when we access the Internet, you key-in a lot of personal information on the
websites we visit and
The social networking websites that we are a part of. Though this information and details are password
protected, yet a lot of them can be accessed by other people. This unsecured information and details can
be stolen and misused by thieves on the internet. This is called cyber theft.
2)Explain any two limitations and characteristics of a computer
Ans)Characteristics:
1. Speed: A computer works at an amazing speed. The work which is done by a normal
person in 2-3 hours can be done by a computer in a fraction of seconds.
2. Accuracy: A computer performs its task with great accuracy. It does not commit any
mistakes. Errors occur only when the input is incorrect.
Limitations:
1. Limited Intelligence: As compared to
Human beings computers have limited IQ.
2. Dependence on Power: A Computer is an electronic machine and thus its dependence on power
makes it costly.
3)Explain the most powerful category of computers.
Ans)the most powered category of computers is scorper Crespeler These wore the most powerful, the
most expensive and the listest computers in the world and core copalle of poxressing Exellions of
instructions per [Link] computer are used by the government agenies such as IRS..etc. these are
also used in space exploration, large Organization, reseatich laboratories, aerospace Cente and loong er
industrial units. The examples of super computer core CRAY- CRAY 2, Contrd Data CYBer 205 IBM Road
Runner ETA A-10, etc.
5)Describe the different types of printers, monitors and scanners.
Ans)It is an input device that scans text, images, and objects optically. The scanned data is then
converted into a digital image and displayed on the computer screen,
Types of Scanner
1. Drum Scanner: This is the most efficient and expensivescanner. It uses a rotating glass drum to
scan.
[Link] Scanner: This is a popular desktop scanner. It looks like a miniature printer with a flip-up cover
protecting the glass window
[Link] Scanner: This is a small manual device which is dragged over the surface of the image to be
scanned.
Monitor is the most common output devices . It is also are called Visual Display Unit (VDU), electronic
visual display computers
Cathode Ray Tube (ERT) Monitors
CRT monitors were the most common monitors until lat panel screens became affordable. They consist
of an electron gun.
Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) Monitors
LCD monitors are relatively thinner and lighter than CRT monitors. They are the light modulating
properties of Liquid Crystals (LCs).
LIGHT-EMITTING DIODE (LED) MONITOR
LED display is the latest development in this field. These monitors are light emitting diodes that act as
performance boosters in them.
TOUCH SCREEN MONITOR
A touch screen is a special monitor that allows the user to input information by touching the icons or
graphical buttons present on the screen.
Printers textbook page no 42,43.
6)Define Operating System and explain
About different types of OS
GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE (GUI)
This operating system a graphic based and interactive in nature, The commands were replaced by
graphic symbo deplayed on the computer screen. The user can do all operations by clicking at these
graphical symbols
MULTITASKING OPERATING SYSTEM
The ability to perfurm more than one task at a single instant of time is called [Link]-USER
OPERATING SYSTEM
Multi-user Operating Systems allow more than one user to use the same computer at the same time or
different times.
MULTITHREADING OPERATING SYSTEM
These are the operating systems, which allow different parts of an application or program to run
simultaneously
RTOS (REAL TIME OPERATING SYSTEM) RTOS is designed to handle real life scenarios and
problemsDISTRIBUTED OS
Distributed Operating System runs on computers, which are located in different geographical areas,
interconnected through a network. It controls these interconnected systems and makes them appear to
be a single computer.
()Write in detail about Utility Software.
Utilities are the programs that support the smooth functioning of a computer. Software utilities are
specially designed to help the end user, manage, and tune the computer hardware/software and
perform single task at a time. The utilities that you use, depend on the operating system running on your
computer. Some utilities help you to avoid virus attacks or clean virus, some help to backup data, some
Help to recover data that has been accidentally erased and so on. The list is endless.
Write ways to protect your online identity.
Textbook
What are the important features of electronic spreadsheet?
Commonly used spreadsheet features
The following are a few of the features available in most spreadsheet programs:
Cell formatting. Within a spreadsheet, selected cells can be formatted to represent various
numeric values. For example, financial data can be given accounting formatting, which will apply decimal
places and commas to represent dollars and cents.
Formulas. Under the formula bar, users can perform calculations on the contents of a cell against
the contents of another cell. For example, if a person uses a spreadsheet to reconcile transactions, they
could highlight all the cells that need to be added up and insert a sum function.
Pivot tables. Using a pivot table, users can organize, group, total, average or sort data via the
toolbar. The exact tools and functions vary depending on the application the user chooses.
What is the relevance of private browsing? Explain with an example.
Private browsing, also known as Incognito mode, is a browser feature that helps keep your online activity
private:
Prevents information from being saved: Private browsing doesn’t store your browsing history,
cookies, passwords, cached data, or form details on your device.
Limits internet tracking: Private browsing limits internet tracking by not storing cookies on your
browser.
Disables extensions: Private browsing disables extensions.
Erases your browsing history: Private browsing erases your browsing history at the end of your
search.