Task 1.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct
word that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Climate change, a (1) ______ of global warming, has been largely attributed (2) ______
human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas.
These actions release carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, (3) ______ traps heat in the Earth’s
atmosphere and leads to an increase in global temperatures. The rise in temperature disrupts
the delicate balance of ecosystems and has a range of significant consequences on the
planet. One of the most obvious consequences of climate change is the rising sea level. This
phenomenon is linked to the melting of polar ice caps and the expansion of seawater (4)
______ it warms. As a result, coastal regions are increasingly (5) ______ risk of flooding,
erosion, and the loss of natural habitats. Another impact of climate change is the increasing
frequency and intensity of (6) ______ weather events, such as hurricanes, heatwaves, and
droughts. These events can lead to (7) ______ agricultural productivity, food and water
shortages, and the displacement of people and wildlife. In response to the growing concern
surrounding climate change, there has been a shift towards the use of renewable energy
sources, which produce (8) ______ greenhouse gas emissions (9) ______ to traditional
fossil fuels. By using renewable energy, we can help reduce the impacts of climate change
and work towards (10) ______ the Earth’s natural balance.
1. A. cause B. consequence C. contributor D. measure
2. A. to B. for C. with D. of
3. A. that B. then C. which D. where
4. A. therefore B. as C. but D. and
5. A. under B. for C. at D. in
6. A. favourable B. pleasant C. decent D. extreme
7. A. reduced B. reduction C. reducing D. reduce
8. A. less B. more C. much D. fewer
9. A. related B. compared C. connected D. regarded
10. A. restored B. restore C. restoration D. restoring
Task 2. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the following
questions.
Global warming is the long- term warming of the planet’s overall temperature. Though this
warming trend has been going on for a long time, its pace has significantly increased in the
last hundred years due to the burning of fossil fuels. As the human population has increased,
so has the volume of fossil fuels burned. Fossil fuels include coal, oil, and natural gas, and
burning them causes what is known as the “greenhouse effect” in Earth’s atmosphere. The
greenhouse effect is when the sun’s rays penetrate the atmosphere, but when that heat is
reflected off the surface cannot escape back into space. Gases produced by the burning of
fossil fuels prevent the heat from leaving the atmosphere. These greenhouse gases are
carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, water vapour, methane, and nitrous oxide. The excess
heat in the atmosphere has caused the average global temperature to rise overtime,
otherwise known as global warming. Global warming has presented another issue called
climate change. Sometimes these phrases are used interchangeably, however, they are
different. Climate change refers to changes in weather patterns and growing seasons around
the world. It also refers to sea level rise caused by the expansion of warmer seas and melting
ice sheets and glaciers. Global warming causes climate change, which poses a serious threat
to life on Earth in the forms of widespread flooding and extreme weather. Scientists
continue to study global warming and its impact on Earth.
Source: [Link]
1. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. A Brief Introduction to Global Warming
B. The Effects of Global Warming on Earth’s Climate
C. The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
D. The Link between Fossil Fuels and Global Warming
2. According to paragraph 1, what has significantly led to the rising pace of global warming
in the last hundred years?
A. Increased population C. Natural disasters
B. Burning of fossil fuels D. Solar activity
3. The word “ penetrate ” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. break in B. move through C. come across D. go into
4. According to paragraph 2, how does the greenhouse effect work?
A. It reflects the sun’s rays off the Earth’s surface.
B. It causes the burning of fossil fuels.
C. It prevents the heat from escaping the atmosphere.
D. It increases the average global temperature.
5. According to paragraph 2, which gases are contributors to the greenhouse effect?
A. oxygen and nitrous oxide C. hydrogen and water vapour
B. carbon dioxide and methane D. nitrogen and chlorofluorocarbons
6. The word “ interchangeably ” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. exclusively B. collectively C. replaceably D. irreplaceably
7. The word “ It ” in paragraph 3 refers to _______.
A. global warming B. greenhouse effect C. weather pattern D. climate change
8. What is the main difference between global warming and climate change?
A. Global warming refers to changes in weather patterns, while climate change refers to the
rise in global temperature.
B. Global warming and climate change are two different terms used to describe the same
phenomenon.
C. Global warming is a natural process, while climate change is human-induced.
D. Global warming refers to the greenhouse effect, while climate change refers to sea level
rise and extreme weather
9. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?
A. Global warming and climate change are two interchangeable terms with different
meanings.
B. Carbon dioxide is one of the greenhouse gases that are responsible for trapping heat in
the atmosphere.
C. Flooding and extreme weather are potential consequences of climate change.
D. Global warming is the reflection of heat off the Earth’s surface.
10. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
A. The greenhouse effect is a natural process that has been amplified by human activities.
B. Absorption of the sun’s rays by the Earth’s surface l eads to the greenhouse effect.
C. Global warming is a recent phenomenon that has only been happening for the last
hundred years.
D. The impact of global warming on Earth is not yet fully understood
Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct word or
phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Practitioners of sustainable agriculture seek to integrate three main objectives into their
work: a healthy environment, economic profitability, and social and economic equity. Every
person involved in the food system - growers, food processors, distributors, retailers,
consumers, and waste managers - can (29) ______ a role in ensuring a sustainable
agricultural system. There are many practices commonly used by people working in
sustainable agriculture and sustainable food systems. Growers may use methods to promote
soil health, minimise water use, and lower (30) ______ levels on the farm. Consumers and
retailers concerned with sustainability can look for “values - based” fo ods (31) ______ are
grown using methods promoting farm worker wellbeing, are environmentally friendly, or
strengthen the local economy. And researchers in sustainable agriculture often cross
disciplinary lines with their work: combining biology, economics, engineering, chemistry,
community development, and (32) ______ others. (33) ______, sustainable agriculture is
more than a collection of practices. It is also a process of negotiation: a push and pull
between the sometimes competing interests of an individual farmer or of people in a
community as they work to solve complex problems about how we grow our food and fibre.
Source: [Link]
Question 29: A. have B. take C. play D. make
Question 30: A. pollution B. polluted C. polluting D. pollute
Question 31: A. when B. that C. whose D. where
Question 32: A. lot of B. much C. many D. number
Question 33: A. Therefore B. Moreover C. Furthermore D. However
Solar power is energy from the sun that is converted into thermal or electrical energy. Solar
energy is the cleanest and most abundant renewable energy source available, and the U.S.
has some of the richest solar resources in the world. Solar technologies can capture this
energy for a variety of uses, including generating electricity, providing light or a
comfortable interior environment, and heating water for domestic, commercial, or industrial
use. There are three main ways to capture solar energy: photovoltaics, solar heating &
cooling, and concentrating solar power. Photovoltaics generate electricity directly from
sunlight via an electronic process and can be used to power anything from small electronics
such as calculators and road signs up to homes and large commercial businesses. Solar
heating & cooling (SHC) and concentrating solar power (CSP) applications both use the
heat generated by the sun to provide space or water heating in the case of SHC systems, or
to run traditional electricity-generating turbines in the case of CSP power plants. Solar
energy is a very flexible energy technology: it can be built as distributed generation (located
at or near the point of use) or as a central-station, utility-scale solar power plant (similar to
traditional power plants). Both of these method scan also store the energy they produce for
distribution after the sun sets, using cutting edge solar storage technologies. Solar exists
within a complex and interrelated electricity system in the U.S, working alongside other
technologies like wind power to transition the U.S. to a clean energy economy. All of these
applications depend on supportive policy frameworks at the local, state and federal level to
ensure consumers and businesses have fair access to clean energy technologies like solar.
Adapted from [Link]
Question 34: which best serves as the title for the passage?
A. The Benefits of Solar Energy B. Solar power in the United States
C. Capturing the Sun’s Energy D. Solar Technologies and Their Uses
Question 35: The word “ abundant” in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
A. scarce B. limited C. plentiful D. insufficient
Question 36: According to paragraph 2, what is the main purpose of SHC systems?
A. Generating electricity B. Running turbines
C. Providing water heating D. Cooling large commercial businesses
Question 37: Which of the following is NOT a way to capture solar energy?
A. Photovoltaics B. Solar heating & cooling
C. Concentrating solar power D. wind turbines
Question 38: According to paragraph 3, what is the relationship between solar energy and
wind power?
A. They are incompatible and cannot work together.
B. Solar energy is more efficient than wind power.
C. Solar energy and wind power work together in the U.S. electricity system.
D. Solar energy is dependent on wind power for its functioning
Reforestation, whether by planning for natural regeneration or tree planting, allows for the
accelerated development of forested ecosystems following natural disturbance events such
as wildfire, wind events, and insect and disease infestations, or planned timber harvest. This
forest management practice helps to develop forest structure and species composition to
provide for wildlife habitat, clean and abundant water, forest wood products, recreation
opportunities, soil stabilisation, and so much more. Reforestation presents unique
opportunities to address emerging issues associated with climate change by conserving and
managing tree genetic diversity and capturing carbon to counter greenhouse gas emissions.
In some situations, relying on natural regeneration from existing tree seed and genetic
sources may best meet management objectives. While on other sites where the seed source
has been lost due to a natural disturbance, such as a stand-replacing wildfire or insects or
diseases, tree planting may be needed to restore trees to the site. Forest Service nurseries
and seed extractories are a critical component of the reforestation program, collecting seed
ahead of reforestation needs, and assuring that healthy seedlings are available for restoring
native ecosystems. “Growing and Nurturing Resilient Forests: A Reforestation strategy for
the National Forest S ystem” is a focused effort to address current and future forest needs.
Reforesting in the right place, at the right time, with the right species, and at appropriate
scales can change the current direction of ecosystem development. To be successful, the
agency must make complex land management decisions that include the best available
science and collaborations with a wide variety of partners, including nongovernmental
organisations and other government agencies. The Reforestation strategy provides the
framework for fully addressing current and future reforestation needs. The Forest Service
will develop national and regional 10-year implementation plans that will include the finer
scale steps the agency will take to successfully increase the pace and scale of reforestation,
address existing needs, and anticipate future events. The work also will help the agency
meet provisions of the Repairing Existing Public Land by Adding Necessary Trees Act, also
called the REPLANT Act, which provided the agency with additional funding to address the
backlog of needed reforestation and a mandate to address post-disturbance needs.
Adapted from [Link]
management/reforestation