Chapter 2
2.7
What’s in a
name
Learning
objectives:
● Write compounds names.
● Deduce the elements in a
compound from the
compound name
What is a compound?
A compound is a substance made up of atoms of two or more
elements joined together.
Properties of compounds are different to properties of elements.
It is made up of many atoms of different elements joined together.
Example of compounds: sodium chloride, carbon dioxide, carbon
monoxide and water.
water
Water is a compound made up of the elements hydrogen and oxygen.
Each water molecule has one oxygen atom joined to two hydrogen atoms.
Water is a very important compound for living thing as it serves as a universal
solvent for many biochemical reactions in cell to take place.
Water also forms the major composition of our blood.
How do we name compounds?
Compounds of metal + non-metal
Example : copper sulfide -has 2 elements copper and sulfur
Follow rule in naming :
● Write the name of metal element
● Write the name of non-metal element , but change the end of the name
to -ide
Metal Non-metal Name of compound
Sodium chlorine Sodium chloride
Calcium oxygen Calcium oxide
Compounds of metal + non-metal + oxygen
Copper sulfate- has atoms of three elements : copper , sulfur and oxygen
Follow rule in naming:
1) Write the name of metal element
2) Write the name of non-metal, but change its name to -ate. The -ate
shows compound includes oxygen atom.
Elements in compound Name of compound
Calcium, phosphate, oxygen Calcium phosphate
Cobalt, nitrogen, oxygen Cobalt nitrate
Calcium, carbon, oxygen Calcium carbonate
Non metal + non metal (need to include the prefix)
Number Prefix
Example:
1 Mono
1 sulfur + 2 oxygen → sulfur dioxide 2 Di
1 sulfur + 3 oxygen → sulfur trioxide 3 Tri
4 Tetra
5 Penta
Naming compound
Naming system
of compound
Polyatomic Ions (the -ate ions)
● The suffix –ate is used to indicate that the non metal is also joined to some oxygen
atoms.
● For example:
○ Copper + sulfur + oxygen → Copper sulfate
○ Zinc + nitrogen + oxygen → Zinc nitrate
○ Aluminium + carbon + oxygen → Aluminium carbonate
CO32- : carbonate
NO3- : nitrate
SO42- : sulfate
PO43-: phosphate
Naming Compound with Non-Metals Only
Some compounds are made up of atoms of non-metals only.
To name these compounds, we need to know the numbers of atoms of each element in a molecule of
the compound.
This molecule is made up of one carbon atom and one oxygen atom. It is carbon monoxide.
This molecule consists of one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms. Its name is carbon dioxide.
Writing Formulae
Chemical formula shows the number of atoms of each element in a compound.
You can also use formulae to represent elements that exist as molecules.
Follow these rules for numbers in formulae:
● Write each number after (to the right of) its element symbol.
● Write numbers small, and below the line.
Formulae of Compounds
Many compounds do not exist as molecules.
Their formulae show the ratio of the number of atoms of each element in the compound.
1. Copper sulfide: copper, sulfur
Silver bromide: silver, bromine 2. KCl- Potassium chloride
ZnO- Zinc oxide
Aluminium iodide: aluminium, iodine
SO2- sulfur dioxide
Iron sulfate: iron, sulfur, oxygen SO3- sulfur trioxide
Sodium carbonate: sodium, carbon, oxygen CuSO4 - copper sulfate
Silicon dioxide: silicon, oxygen
3. P2O5, CaSO4
Exercise
Name the following.
1. CaCO3 = 1 Calcium + 1 Carbon + 3 Oxygen → Calcium carbonate
2. NO2 = 1 Nitrogen + 2 Oxygen → Nitrogen dioxide
3. CO = 1 Carbon + 1 Oxygen → Carbon monoxide
4. CO2 = 1 Carbon + 2 Oxygen → Carbon dioxide
5. Li2SO4 = 2 Lithium + 1 Sulfur + 4 Oxygen → Lithium sulfate
6. N2O4 = 2 Nitrogen + 4 Oxygen → Dinitrogen tetraoxide
Mixtures
Salt and water, stones and rice, and sand and salad are all mixtures.
The substances in mixtures are not joined to each other.
They are just mixed up. Often, it is easy to separate the substances in a mixture.
Define Mixture:
Group of substances which are
not chemically joined together
and can be easily separated.
Element Mixture of Elements
Compounds Mixture of Compounds
Different Mixtures
Mixtures can contain elements, compounds,
or both.
Salin has two sorts of nails - iron and copper.
He keeps them in a jar. Iron and copper are
both elements. So the jar contains a mixture of
elements.
The label shows the ingredient in toothpaste.
The ingredients are all compounds. So
toothpaste is a mixture of compounds.
Air
Air is a mixture of substances , including:
- Elements- for example 78% of nitrogen (N2), 21% of oxygen (O2), and 0.9% of argon
(Ar).
- Compounds - for example 0.04% of carbon dioxide (CO2).
Separating Iron and Sulfur
Ricardo collects 7 g of iron powder and 4 g of sulfur powder.
Iron is an element. It is made up of one type of atom. It
cannot be split into anything simpler. Ricardo holds a magnet
near the iron powder. It jumps onto the magnet.
Sulfur is also an element. It is made up of one type of atom.
Its atoms are different from iron atoms.
Ricardo mixes his iron and sulfur. He can separate them with
his magnet. Its properties are similar to those of the elements
in it. It is easy to separate them.
Ricardo heats his mixture. The two elements join together. A
compound, iron sulfide has formed. Ricardo cannot get iron
out of the compound with his magnet. The compound looks
different from the elements it is made from.
Its properties are different from its elements.
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Features Elements Compounds Mixtures
Number of types of One More than one, joined More than one, but not
atoms together joined together
Can it be separated No Not easily - chemical Yes
reaction needed
Properties Own properties Different properties Same properties as
from its element. substances in it.
Amount - Always in the same May differ and can be
ratio. changed.