SUMMER TRAINING REPORT

ENGINEERS INDIA LIMITED, GURUGRAM

DURATION: 2 June 2025- 1 July 2025

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

Ms. Divya Dutta Devishi Pandey
Senior Manager, EWS Division 220103033

In the fulfilment of requirements for the degree

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

HARCOURT BUTLER TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

KANPUR
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Ms. DEVISHI PANDEY, Pursuing Chemical Engineering from
HARCOURT BUTLER TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, KANPUR has completed her four
weeks summer training in the EWS (ENVIRONMENT, WATER & SAFETY) department,
ENGINEERS INDIA LIMITED, GURUGRAM under my direct supervision and
guidance with utmost sincerity and diligence.

It is further certified that her work has not been submitted for similar purposes
anywhere else. Her work has been found satisfactory for the partial fulfilment of
the award of degree of B. Tech in Chemical Engineering.

Ms. Divya Dutta

 PREFACE

This report presents my Vocational Training experience at ENGINEERS INDIA

LIMITED, GURUGRAM. Here my focus was on Overview of ENVIRONMENT
IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) study.
Through this training, I gained valuable insights into the process and methodology
of conducting an EIA, including data collection, impact identification, and
mitigation strategies. I also became familiar with relevant environmental
regulations and assessment tools used in the industry. I am very grateful to EIL and
my mentor for their guidance. This report serves as a testament to the meaningful
knowledge and experience acquired during the training.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Vocational Training opportunity I had with ENGINEERS INDIA LIMITED

GURUGRAM was a great chance for learning and professional development. I am
grateful for the opportunity, which enabled me to broaden my knowledge, gain
practical insights and enhance my practical skills. I am also thankful for the chance
to interact with experienced professionals whose guidance played a key role during
my training. This exposure has been instrumental in shaping both my technical
understanding and overall perspective.
I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to Ms. DIVYA
DUTTA, Ms. ANTARA DAS who in spite of being extraordinarily busy with their
duties, took time out to hear, guide and keep me on the correct path and allowing
me to carry out my training at their esteemed organization.
I express my deepest thanks to Ms. S.B SATAPATHY for providing me this
opportunity. I choose this moment to acknowledge their contribution gratefully.
I would like to express my sincere gratitude to our Chemical Department of HBTU
Kanpur and Dr. ASHWINI SOOD for their continuous support during the training by
way of their motivation, enthusiasm and immense knowledge and their guidance
throughout the training.
I would like to thank all the faculty of the organization for their kind help and
cooperation rendered during the period of industrial training.
A study on Environmental Impact Assessment in Industrial Projects with
reference to the EIA Notification 2006 and its application in HPCL
Mumbai Refinery Project

[Link]. CONTENTS

1. COMPANY PROFILE

2. INTRODUCTION
• Purpose of the Study
• Importance of EIA in Industrial Development
• Scope and Objectives
3. OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT ASSESSMENT(EIA)
• Definition and Concepts of EIA
• Historical Background of EIA in India
• Benefits and Limitations
4. EIA NOTIFICATION 2006: KEY PROVISIONS
• Structure and Stages of the EIA
• Screening, Scoping and Public Consultation
• Environment Clearance Process
• Categorization of Projects (Category A & B)
5. EIA PROCESS FLOW IN INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS
• Project Setting and Description
• Identification of Impacts
• Baseline Data Collection
• Environment Impact Prediction & Evaluation
• Mitigation Measures
• Environment Monitoring Program
• Environmental Management Plan (EMP)
• Reporting and Review
6. CASE EXAMPLES FROM INDUSTRIAL PROJECTS
• Case Study: HPCL Mumbai Refinery (Lube Modernization & Bottom Up-
gradation Project)
7. CONCLUSION
 ABOUT COMPANY
Engineers India Limited was established in 1965 to provide engineering and related
technical services for petroleum refineries and other industrial projects.

In addition to petroleum refineries, with which EIL started initially, it has diversified into
and excelled in other fields such as pipelines, petrochemicals, oil and gas processing,
offshore structures and platforms, fertilizers, metallurgy and power. EIL now provides a
complete range of project services in these fields and has emerged as Asia's leading
design and engineering Company.

Engineers India Limited is diversifying into several new areas including Highways &
Bridges, IT, Airports, Mass Rapid Transport Systems, Ports & Terminals, Power Projects,
Non-conventional / Renewable Energy Sources, Specialist Materials and Maintenance
Services, Intelligent Buildings, Water and Urban Development projects.

EIL's fields of activities include:

• Petroleum Refineries
• Pipeline
• Oil and Gas Processing
• Petrochemicals
• Offshore Structures & Platforms
• Ports & Terminals
• Metallurgy
• Fertilizers
• Power
• Highways & Bridges
• Airports
• Non-Conventional / Renewable Energy Sources
• Intelligent Buildings & Urban Development

EIL provides the complete range of services needed to conceptualize, design, engineer
and construct projects to meet the specific requirements of its clients. Its association
with the clients extends beyond the commissioning of their plants through monitoring
operation of each plant and accumulating feedback on performance. Lump sum Turnkey
projects from concept to commissioning are an area into which EIL has entered in a big
way. EIL's quality management system is ISO 9001:2000 certified.
EIL's Head Office is in New Delhi. It has a branch office in Mumbai, a zonal office in
Kolkata, regional offices in Chennai and Vadodara, and inspection offices at major
equipment manufacturing locations in India. EIL also has overseas offices in
London, Abu Dhabi, Kuwait, Qatar, Malaysia, and Australia. EIL has numerous site
offices in India and abroad.
EIL has two wholly owned subsidiaries: EIL Asia Pacific Sdn Bhd in Malaysia and
Certification Engineers International Ltd.. Certification Engineers International Ltd.
is responsible for independent certification and third-party inspection assignments.

Annual Turnover

In the year 2010-2011, the company achieved a turnover of ₹2822 crore, representing a
42% growth over the previous Financial Year's turnover of ₹1994 crore. Profit from
Operations grew by 31% to ₹626 crore from ₹478 crore. The Profit After Tax increased by
20% to ₹523 crore from ₹436 crore. The return on Capital Employed was 36%.

Turnover during the fourth quarter of FY-11 increased by 48% to ₹947 crore, compared to
₹640 crore in the corresponding quarter of the previous Financial Year. The Profit After
Tax for this quarter increased by 33% to ₹166 crore from ₹125 crore.

Completed Projects

EIL has over 5000 assignments to its credit, including more than 400 major projects
successfully completed and operating smoothly.
• 49 Petroleum Refinery Projects
• 7 Petrochemical Complexes
• 37 Pipeline Projects
• 205 Offshore Platforms
• 35 Oil & Gas Processing Projects
• 26 Mining & Metallurgical Projects
• 11 Ports & Terminals
• 8 Fertilizer Projects
• 26 Infrastructure Projects
• 17 LSTK Projects
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Purpose of the Study

The rapid growth of industrialization in India, particularly in the energy and chemical
sectors, has led to increased demand for infrastructure development. While such
growth is essential for economic progress, it also poses significant environmental
challenges. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process plays a critical
role in ensuring that development projects are designed and implemented in an
environmentally responsible manner.

This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the EIA process,

particularly in the context of industrial projects. It focuses on the technical,
procedural, and regulatory aspects of the EIA Notification, 2006 and examines how
this framework governs the environmental clearance of large-scale industrial
installations such as oil refineries, petrochemical complexes, and other chemical
processing facilities.

1.2 Importance of EIA in Industrial Development

Environmental Impact Assessment is a structured process used to evaluate the
potential environmental consequences of a proposed industrial project prior to its
implementation. In chemical and energy-intensive sectors, such assessments are
crucial due to the involvement of hazardous chemicals, emissions, effluents, and
resource-intensive operations.

EIA acts as a decision-support tool, facilitating sustainable industrial development

by:
• Predicting environmental impacts in the project planning stage.
• Recommending suitable mitigation measures.
• Ensuring regulatory compliance with national and international standards.
• Promoting transparency through public participation.
• Enhancing social acceptability and long-term project viability.

For engineers and project developers, EIA serves as a guide to incorporate

environmental considerations into design, operation, and decommissioning
phases, thus minimizing ecological footprints and legal liabilities.
1.3 Scope and Objectives
This report is based on the internship experience at Engineers India Limited (EIL), a
Government of India undertaking under the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
EIL is a leading engineering consultancy and turnkey contracting organization with
extensive expertise in project management, design, and environmental
consultancy for large-scale industrial ventures.

EIL is a National Accreditation Board for Education and Training (NABET)-

accredited EIA consultant organization, authorized to carry out Environmental
Impact Assessment studies as per the requirements of the EIA Notification, 2006
issued by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC),
Government of India. This accreditation signifies EIL’s compliance with stringent
technical and procedural standards and establishes its competency to conduct
EIAs across a wide range of sectors, including oil and gas, petrochemicals,
fertilizers, and infrastructure.

The scope of this study covers the technical understanding of EIA principles,
regulatory frameworks, project-specific applications, and the overall procedural
workflow followed by EIL in delivering environmental consultancy services. The
focus is also on practical exposure to how EIA is integrated within the early planning
stages of industrial projects to promote sustainable development.

The specific objectives of the study are as follows:

• To understand the concept, legal foundation, and procedural framework of

Environmental Impact Assessment in India.

• To examine the key provisions, processes, and significance of the EIA Notification,
2006, including its amendments.

• To study the implementation of EIA in industrial projects, particularly in the

chemical and petroleum sectors.

• To analyze the stages of the EIA process such as screening, scoping, public
consultation, impact prediction, and mitigation planning.

• To understand the role of various stakeholders, including project proponents,

regulatory bodies (MoEFCC, SEIAA), and the public.
• To explore EIL’s role and methodology in conducting EIA studies, including
baseline data collection, modeling, report preparation, and formulation of the
Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

• To present technical insights from a case study related to the Lube Oil Base Stock
Modernization and Bottom Upgradation Project at HPCL Mumbai Refinery, for
which EIL served as the environmental consultant.

Through this study, the report seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical learning
in chemical engineering and real-world applications of environmental regulations
and sustainable project development.
 2. OVERVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT IMPACT
ASSESSMENT (EIA)

2.1 Definition and Concept of EIA

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic process used to identify,
predict, and evaluate the environmental consequences of proposed
developmental activities before significant decisions are made, or actions are
taken. It ensures that potential environmental impacts are considered during the
planning and decision-making stages of a project, with the aim of promoting
sustainable development.

2.2 Historical Background of EIA in India

EIA was introduced in India in 1978-79 for river-valley projects, initially as an
administrative requirement. It gained legal backing with the introduction of the EIA
Notification under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. The first formal EIA
Notification was issued in 1994, and it was later superseded by the
comprehensive EIA Notification, 2006, which continues to be the governing
regulation for environmental clearance processes in India .

2.3 Benefits of EIA

• Promotes environmentally sound and sustainable development.
• Reduces environmental risks and long-term costs.
• Ensures informed decision-making by integrating environmental concerns into
project planning.
• Enhances public participation and transparency in developmental processes.

2.4 Limitations of EIA

• Inadequate baseline data and limited expertise in some regions.
• Delays due to procedural bottlenecks and overlapping clearances.
• Variability in the quality of reports depending on the competence of the
consultant.
• Limited post-clearance monitoring and enforcement in certain projects.
3. EIA NOTIFICATION 2006 – KEY PROVISIONS

3.1 Structure and Stages of the EIA

The EIA Notification, 2006, issued under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986,
outlines a four-stage process for obtaining environmental clearance for specified
development projects:

→ Screening – Determines the necessity and level of assessment based on

project type and scale.
→ Scoping – Defines the Terms of Reference (ToR) for the EIA study by
identifying key issues and impacts.
→ Public Consultation – Involves soliciting concerns of affected stakeholders
through public hearings and written responses.
→ Appraisal – An expert committee reviews the final EIA report and other
documentation before granting or rejecting clearance.

These stages are designed to ensure that environmental concerns are

systematically addressed before project implementation.

3.2 Screening, Scoping, and Public Consultation

Screening
Applicable primarily to Category B projects, screening helps determine whether a
project requires a full EIA study (B1) or is exempt (B2). Category A projects bypass
this step and automatically require full assessment.
Scoping
Scoping is conducted by the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) or State Expert
Appraisal Committee (SEAC) based on a project’s preliminary details. The outcome
is the issuance of Terms of Reference (ToR), which guides consultants (like EIL) in
conducting a focused EIA study.
Public Consultation
This step ensures transparency and includes:
• Public Hearings, conducted by the State Pollution Control Board (SPCB).
• Consideration of written feedback from the public and stakeholders.
It helps integrate local and scientific knowledge into the decision-making
process. The outcome of the public consultation is incorporated into the final EIA
report.

3.3 Environmental Clearance Process

The environmental clearance (EC) process under the 2006 Notification involves:

1. Submission of Form 1/Form 1A along with a pre-feasibility report.

2. Issuance of ToR after scoping (for projects requiring EIA).
3. Conducting baseline studies and preparing draft EIA report.
4. Public Consultation (where applicable).
5. Submission of Final EIA/EMP to the EAC/SEAC.
6. Appraisal by the respective committee.
7. Issuance of EC by MoEFCC (for Category A) or SEIAA (for Category B1).

The clearance may include specific conditions related to pollution control,

environmental monitoring, and compliance.

3.4 Categorization of Projects

Projects are classified into Category A and Category B based on their
environmental impact potential:
• Category A: Projects with significant impacts (e.g., large petrochemical
complexes, oil refineries, thermal power plants) requiring clearance from the
MoEFCC at the central level.
• Category B: Projects with comparatively lower impacts evaluated by State
Environmental Impact Assessment Authorities (SEIAAs).
Category B is further sub-divided:
• B1: Requires full EIA and public hearing.
• B2: Exempted from detailed EIA and public hearing.
Attached below is a flowchart representing the same,
 4. EIA PROCESS FLOW IN INDUSTRIAL
PROJECTS
The methodology adopted for carrying out the Environmental Impact Assessment
is based on the Guidelines issued by Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change (MoEFCC). An effective environmental assessment calls for establishing
sufficient background data on various environmental components through
reconnaissance survey, sampling and available literature survey etc.

The methodology adopted in preparing this EIA report is outlined in the following
sections:

4.1 Project Setting and Description

In this section, Environmental setting of the existing refinery and details of the
proposed facilities will be defined. The description also gives details of effluents
(gaseous/liquid/solid/noise) generation sources. Coverage on environmental
setting of the existing refinery in terms of site details, project description, products,
its storage, existing pollution control devices/measures, emission summary,
hazardous waste/chemicals management etc. will be described.

4.2 Identification of Impacts

The environmental impacts associated with the modernization project on various
environmental components such as air, water, noise, soil, flora, fauna, land,
socioeconomic, etc. has been identified using Impact Identification Matrix.

4.3 Baseline Data Collection

Once the affected environmental parameters are identified, various environmental
parameters of concern are identified to establish its baseline quality. M/s Netel
(India) Limited, Mumbai which is MoEFCC & NABL approved environmental
laboratory was entrusted for carrying out environmental baseline data collection
during March 2023 to June 2023. Data collected has been utilized here to establish
baseline quality of various environmental parameters.
4.4 Environmental Impact Prediction & Evaluation
In this part of the report, the sources of emissions (Gaseous, Liquid, Solid, Noise)
due to the Refinery activities including the proposed facilities will be identified and
based on their emission loads their impacts are to be predicted. Such predictions
are then superimposed on baseline quality (wherever there is an additional impact)
and quantitative/qualitative assessments have been made for the impacts and
synergistic impact is evaluated using the matrix method. The resultant matrix
attempts to give an objective assessment to identify the mitigation measures
needed for abatement of various impacts.

4.5 Mitigation Measures

Based on the identified impacts, mitigation strategies are formulated to eliminate
or reduce adverse effects. Examples include:
• Installation of effluent treatment plants (ETPs)
• Stack height optimization for pollutant dispersion
• Noise suppression systems
• Greenbelt development
• Emergency preparedness and disaster management plans.
These measures form the core of the Environmental Management Plan (EMP).

4.6 Environmental Monitoring Program

Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to
assess the status of environment during project operations. With the knowledge of
baseline conditions, the monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any
deterioration in environmental conditions due to operation of the project, as also to
enable taking up suitable mitigation steps in time to safeguard the environment.
Monitoring is as important as that of mitigation steps in efficiency of control
measures can only be determined by monitoring. It describes the details of the
monitoring schedule to be implemented for checking the effectiveness of
mitigation measures. It covers the parameters, frequency which need to be
monitored during operation phase.
Objectives of Monitoring:

To ensure the effective implementation of the proposed mitigation measures, the

broad objectives of monitoring plan are:

• To evaluate the performance of mitigation measures proposed in the

environmental monitoring program.
• To evaluate the adequacy of Environmental Impact Assessment
• To suggest improvements in management plan, if required
• To enhance environmental quality.
• To undertake compliance monitoring of the proposed project operation and
evaluation of mitigative measure

4.7 Environment Management Plan (EMP)

In order to mitigate or minimize the negative impacts (if any) of the Refinery
operations including the proposed facilities, an effective EMP is delineated.
Therefore, in the final part of the report, the planning and implementation of various
pollution abatement strategies including the proposed monitoring/surveillance
network has been described. Detailed Environment Management Plan (EMP) with
specific reference to details of air pollution control system, water & wastewater
management, monitoring frequency, responsibility and time bound
implementation plan for mitigation measure is formulated.

4.7 Reporting and Review

A draft EIA report is prepared incorporating the baseline data, impact assessment,
EMP, and outcomes of public consultation. This is submitted to the regulatory
authority (SEIAA or MoEFCC) for appraisal.

During appraisal, the Expert Appraisal Committee (EAC) or State EAC (SEAC) may
seek clarifications or request additional data. Based on the review, environmental
clearance is either granted with specific conditions or denied.
Flowchart representing the same;
 5. CASE EXAMPLES FROM INDUSTRIAL
PROJECTS

Case Study: HPCL Mumbai Refinery (Lube Modernization

& Bottom Up-gradation Project)

5.1 Project Description

Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited (HPCL) operates the Mumbai Refinery,
which has seen multiple expansions since its establishment and currently
processes 9.5 MMTPA of crude oil. As part of its ongoing modernization, HPCL has
upgraded various processing units to meet fuel quality standards and enhance
operational efficiency.
To further improve its product mix—particularly the production of Lube Oil Base
Stock (LOBS) and Bitumen—HPCL is undertaking the Lube Modernization and
Bottom Up-gradation Project. This project involves the installation of several new
units, including:

• Integrated Hydrocracker and Dewaxing Unit

• Solvent De-asphalting Unit

• Amine Regeneration Unit

• Sour Water Stripping Unit

•Offsite Storage Facilities

• Utility systems such as a cooling tower, DM plant, and air system

The overall crude processing capacity will remain unchanged. Engineers India
Limited (EIL), an accredited consultant, has been assigned to carry out the
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Rapid Risk Assessment (RRA) studies
for obtaining the required environmental clearance.

5.2 PROJECT BENEFITS

Following broad project benefits are listed below:
• India imports a significant portion of its base oils and finished lubricants.
Upgraded domestic production reduces dependency on imports,
strengthening energy security.
• Reduces imports saves foreign exchange.
• Promotes local job creation in manufacturing, operations, and maintenance.
5.3 BASELINE DATA COLLECTION
The baseline data forms the basis for predicting/assessing the environmental
impacts of the project. The data has been collected around refinery site during the
period of March 2023 to June 2023 by M/s Netel (India) Limited, Navi Mumbai which
is MoEFCC & NABL approved environmental laboratory.

Air Environment

PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, C6H6, NH3, O3, HC and VOC were selected
parameters for the Baseline study. Parameters like PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2 and
NH3 were analyzed on 24 hourly basis, whereas CO and O3 on an hourly basis with
8-hour interval. Benzene samples were collected once a day in for one hour.
Sampling was carried out twice a week for a 12-week study period.

Summary of Baseline data of AAQs

[Link] Environmental Baseline Value NAAQs

Parameter (98th Percentile) Standards
1. PM10 72.1- 76.5 ug/m3 100 ug/m3
2. PM2.5 13.5- 35.0 ug/m3 60 ug/m3
3. S02 13.5- 14.5 ug/m3 80 ug/m3
4. NOx 24.5- 25.5 ug/m3 80 ug/m3
5. CO 0.82-1.02 ug/m3 4 ug/m3
6. NH3 17.2-19.4 ug/m3 400 ug/m3
7. 03 10.0- 12.7 ug/m3 180 ug/m3
8. HC, Methane 0.85- 1.06 ug/m3 -
9. Benzene 2.2- 4.21 ug/m3 5 ug/m3
10. Toluene & Xylene BDL -

Water environment

Water samples were collected at 16 locations, out of which 8 samples were from
ground water sources and 8 samples from surface sources, for physio-chemical
and biological studies.

In Ground water quality, pH values range from 6.97 to 7.15, which was found to be
well within the IS:10500 limits. Hardness values range from 123.2 to 278 mg/l.
Results are well within the permissible limits. Chloride concentrations range from
29.75 to 131.5 mg/l. It was observed that maximum all the locations of ground water
is slightly saline in nature.
Sulphates concentration was observed in the range of 5.96 to 34.6 mg/l. Maximum
sulphate concentration was observed at Chembur, which is well within the
desirable limits (200 mg/l).

Total dissolved solids observed between 285.5 and 759.5 mg/l. Maximum TDS was
observed at Chembur. TDS values for all the ground water samples were within the
permissible limits (2000 mg/l). All heavy metals concentrations were found to be
well within IS 10500 limits. Eight surface water samples were collected; water
samples fail under the D & E categories as per CPCB water quality criteria.

Noise environment

Total 8 locations were identified in the study area for noise measurement keeping
in view the various local activities such as residential, commercial, sensitive, and
industrial activities. 24 hourly noise monitoring were studied from period 06:00 AM
to 06:00 AM (next day).

Noise levels during daytime (Lday) ranges from 54.2 to 67.3 dB (A) and night time
(Lnight) ranges from 42.7 to 63.4 dB (A).

Land environment

Total 8 samples are collected from study area to understand the Physico-chemical
and biological status of the existing soil in the region. This will establish the baseline
characteristics of the region and shall facilitate in identifying the contamination (if
any) due to the expansion project.

• The bulk density of the soil varies from 1.39 to 1.68 g/cc. Its shows the
infiltration rate is medium.
• The pH of the soils varies from 6.06 to 8.45 shows basic in nature.
• The EC levels are average and not harmful to germination.

The nitrogen levels were found to be in range from 69.05 to 321.00 mg/kg.

Biological environment

The study was aimed at enumeration of the available flora and fauna resources and
obtaining a broad representation of the existing floristic variations in and around the
project site. A total of 134 species of plants (including wild, ornamental and
cultivated plants) belonging to 108 genera and spreading over 53 plant families
were documented and identified in the 10 km radial distance from the project site
of the study area. Altogether 19 species of mangroves and their associates were
enumerated and identified on field. A total of 32 bird species belonging to 19
families are recorded in the study area. There are 14 butterfly species belonging to
5 families which were identified in a random survey around the study area. Several
species of fishes are available in the mangrove water and collected by local
fisherman. 5 species of snakes, one species of lizards and 2 types of skinks.
No National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary is coming within 10 km surrounding of the
study area. Mahul creek is a shallow wetland area where lots of migratory birds are
observed during winter season.

Socio-economic environment

The study area of Mumbai city is an industrial base for sectors having many
industries such as Chemicals, Paints, Petrochemicals, Fertilizer industries,
Thermal power plant and food processing industries. The most important sectors
are the Petrochemicals industries. The major languages prevalent are Marathi,
Hindi and English with a conglomeration of different cultures like Hindus, Muslims
and Christians.

5.4 Environmental Impact Prediction and Evaluation

Environmental impact prediction is a core component of the EIA process, used to
anticipate and quantify the effects of proposed industrial projects on surrounding
environmental components. In the context of the HPCL Mumbai Refinery
Expansion Project, Engineers India Limited (EIL) employed both qualitative and
quantitative techniques to evaluate potential impacts.
Key areas of impact prediction included:

Air Environment:

• Emissions from process units, storage tanks, and utility stacks were modeled
using AERMOD to predict the ground-level concentrations of pollutants (SO₂, NOₓ,
PM₁₀, VOCs).

• Results showed that pollutant concentrations remained within NAAQS limits

with proposed mitigation.

Water Environment:

• Impact on surface and groundwater was assessed based on projected effluent

quantity and quality post-expansion .
• Existing effluent treatment plant (ETP) load capacities were evaluated, with
recommendations for augmentation to handle increased flow and pollutant load.

Noise:

• Noise impact due to operation of new compressors, pumps, and increased

vehicular movement was predicted using modeling software and compared with
CPCB norms.

Land and Soil:

• Risk of soil contamination from leaks or spills of hydrocarbons and chemicals
was assessed.
• Land-use changes were minimal as the expansion was planned within existing
refinery premises.

Ecology and Biodiversity:

• Mahul Creek and adjacent mangrove wetlands are classified under CRZ-I and
support migratory bird species and marine life.
• Though no direct habitat clearance was involved, potential indirect impacts from
emissions, effluents, and construction activity were evaluated
• No significant terrestrial ecological impacts were predicted, but CRZ sensitivity
was flagged due to proximity to coastal zones.
• Recommendations included buffer zones and adherence to CRZ norms to
prevent habitat disturbance.

Socio-economic Environment:

• Positive impacts were anticipated in terms of employment and local economic

activity.
• Short-term impacts related to construction traffic and noise were identified, with
proposed mitigations such as traffic management plans and noise barriers.
Summary of Impact Evaluation in Terms of Significance Value

5.5 MITIGATION MEASURES

5.5.1 Air Environment

The following mitigation measures will be considered for air environment.

• Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.

• Regular monitoring of air polluting concentrations from stacks.
• Periodic monitoring of LDAR Program.
• Workers are provided with adequate protective measures to protect them
from inhaling dust
• Operation of the plant by qualified manpower
• Regular monitoring and review to ensure safe operation

5.5.2 Noise Environment

During operational phase of the project, the noise shall be caused due to various
rotating equipment viz. Pumps, Compressors & Mixers, Cooling Tower etc.

Mitigation Measures:

• Avoiding continuous (more than 8 hrs) exposure of workers to high noise

areas.
• Provision of earmuffs at the high noise areas
• Ensuring preventive maintenance of equipment.
5.5.3 Water Environment

During Operation phase, total raw water required for refinery operation is 674 m³/hr
of which, 538 m³/hr. water is being allocated from BMC and 136 m³/hr is obtained
from BMC as treated sewage. A new tertiary treatment plant shall receive the feed
from treated sewage water from BMC for producing DM Water required for the
proposed Lube Modernization and bottom up-gradation project.

5.5.4 Land Environment

The impact on land environment during operational phase shall be due to disposal
of solid and hazardous waste generated during operation of the plant.

Mitigation Measures:
Disposing of hazardous wastes to vendors authorized by the concerned statutory
authorities.

5.5.5 Biological Environment

The impacts due to project activities during operation phase shall be limited to long
run impact of emissions and traffic movement.

Mitigation measures:
Maintain the greenbelt already within the refinery

5.5.6 Socio-economic Environment

Operational phase of the plant covers the entire life span of the plant. Hence the
impacts of the operational phase extend over a long period of time. The incremental
traffic during the operational phase works out to be about one bus per day.

Mitigation Measures:
Continue CSR Program in surrounding areas
Monitoring speed and route of project-related vehicles
5.8 Environmental Monitoring Program
Presently Environmental Monitoring of all required parameters in refinery is
managed by Technical Services Department, Process Safety & Environment (PS&E)
which looks after the environmental and project safety functions. Refinery has a
dedicated laboratory facility which tests samples from all environmental
monitoring program during construction and operation phases of the project are
given below. The environmental monitoring program during construction phase and
operation phase is presented in the table 1 and table 2 below respectively. The
implementation of monitoring will be contractor’s responsibility, and the
supervision will be done by HPCL.
Table 1: Environmental Monitoring Program (Construction Phase)
[Link] Component Location Parameters Frequency
Air Environment
1. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring at Ambient air once in a
existing quality week
continuous parameters as
ambient air per NAAQS viz.
quality PM10, PM2.5,
monitoring SOX, NOX, CO,
stations. VOC’S,
Benzene,
benzopyrene,
nickel,
vanadium

[Link] Component Location Parameters Frequency

Water Environment
1. Drinking Water One of the According to IS: Once in a
Quality drinking water 10500 month
taps
Land Environment
1. Waste (including Construction Quantity/volum As per the
hazardous) sites e generated and requirement
disposed
Noise Environment
1. Ambient noise levels Near Ambient noise Once in a
construction levels (Leqday & month
sites Leqnight)
 Note: Construction period is 36 months.

Table 2: Environmental monitoring program (operation phase)

[Link] Component Details Frequency

Air Environment
1. Stack emission Monitoring at all Online analyzers
characteristics stacks for PM, SOx, are installed
NOx and HC
2. Ambient air quality Monitoring at Online
existing continuous monitoring
ambient air quality through
monitoring stations CAAQMS and
for PM10, PM2.5, connected to
SOx, NOx, & CO. CPCB/MPCB
servers
Monitoring of the
flue gases
Once in a month
or as prescribed
by the Pollution
Control Board,
Maharashtra
Water Environment
1. Waste (including Quantity/ volume Once in a month
hazardous) generated and
disposed
2. Soil Samples Four locations in Once in a month
the project site

Noise Environment
1. Work zone Noise Noise level Once in a month
monitoring in dB(A)
near pumps,
compressors,
GTGs and DGs
installed as part of
the project
2. Ambient noise Ambient noise Once in a month
levels levels (Leq day &
Leq night) at units
at five locations in
 villages
surrounding the
plant
Biological Environment
1. Ecology & Identification of Once in a year
Biodiversity flora & fauna
species,
biodiversity
exploration

5.7 Environmental Management Plan (EMP)

1. Air Environment

Construction Phase (Impact: Medium)

• Use of green cloth barricades to control dust.
• Using greener fuels for vehicles
• Water sprinkling on unpaved areas to reduce particulate matter.
• Covered transportation of materials; speed limits enforced.
• Only PUC-certified (Pollution Under Control) vehicles and well-maintained
machinery allowed.
• Dust masks/PPE provided to workers.

Operation Phase (Impact: Medium)

• Use of low-Sulphur fuels (LSHS, sweet gas, natural gas).
• High-efficiency furnaces with flue gas heat recovery.
• Flue Gas Scrubbing Units (FGSU) in FCCU remove >90% SOx & SPM.
• Cyclone separators and low-NOx burners installed.
• Fugitive emission control: floating roof tanks, double mechanical seals,
closed systems.
• Flare gas recovery system in operation.
• Ambient Air Quality Monitoring stations installed; data shared with CPCB
& MPCB.

2. Water Environment

Construction Phase (Impact: Medium)

• Monitoring of water use to prevent wastage.
 Operation Phase (Impact: Medium–Low)
• Rainwater harvesting implemented.
• Treated effluents from ETP reused within the refinery.

3. Land Environment

Construction Phase (Impact: Low)

• Activities confined within project boundary.
• Preventive measures against soil contamination.
• Debris and waste managed per plan.

Operation Phase (Impact: Low)

• Hazardous waste sent to authorized recyclers or disposal facilities.

4. Noise Environment

Construction Phase (Impact: Low)

• Maintenance of equipment; avoiding idling engines.

Operation Phase (Impact: Medium)

• PPE like ear muffs for workers in high-noise zones.
• Equipment maintained to minimize noise.

5. Biological Environment (Impact: Low)

• Existing greenbelt will be enhanced; no additional space for new

plantation within refinery.

6. Socio-Economic Environment
Construction Phase (Impact: Low)
• Worker awareness programs conducted.
• Traffic management to avoid community disruption.
• Substance abuse and firearm restrictions at site.

Operation Phase (Impact: Low)

• Continued CSR activities and community development programs.
 6. CONCLUSION

The internship at Engineers India Limited (EIL) provided valuable exposure to the
practical aspects of conducting Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) for large-
scale industrial projects, particularly in the oil and gas sector. The study centered
on the EIA process as applied to the HPCL Mumbai Refinery Expansion Project, a
significant brownfield development situated in the ecologically sensitive Mahul
region.

The project emphasized the multi-stage structure of EIA as mandated by the EIA
Notification, 2006, covering baseline data collection, impact prediction, public
consultation, and formulation of a comprehensive Environmental Management
Plan (EMP). The environmental concerns specific to the refinery project—
particularly those related to air emissions, effluent discharge, wetland proximity,
and socio-economic impact—were assessed in line with regulatory guidelines and
best engineering practices.

As a NABET-accredited agency, EIL’s systematic approach to EIA involved inter-

disciplinary coordination, use of standard impact evaluation matrices, and
formulation of actionable mitigation strategies. The experience demonstrated the
critical role of technical consultants like EIL in ensuring regulatory compliance,
environmental protection, and sustainable development in industrial planning.

In conclusion, the internship not only deepened understanding of the EIA

framework but also enhanced awareness of the environmental responsibilities that
chemical engineers must uphold in project design and execution.