VCE Mathematic Science Education Tutoring(SET)
Solutions: Comprehensive Review
VCE Mathematical Methods Units 1&2
Solution 1
a) 3(x − 4) − 2(x + 5) = 3x − 12 − 2x − 10 = x − 22
n
b) (2x + 3)(3x − 1) = 6x2 − 2x + 9x − 3 = 6x2 + 7x − 3
So
c) (x − 6)2 = x2 − 2(x)(6) + 36 = x2 − 12x + 36
d) (3x − 2y)(3x + 2y) = (3x)2 − (2y)2 = 9x2 − 4y2
Solution 2
a
a) 5x2 − 15x = 5x(x − 3) (Common Factor)
n
b) x2 − 64 = (x − 8)(x + 8) (DOPS)
c) Factors of 10 adding to 7 are 5, 2: (x + 5)(x + 2)
as
d) Factors of 12 adding to -8 are -6, -2: (x − 6)(x − 2)
e) Non-monic (3 × 8 = 24, sum 14 → 12, 2):
ve
3x2 + 12x + 2x + 8 = 3x(x + 4) + 2(x + 4) = (3x + 2)(x + 4)
f) Common factor first: 2(x2 − 25) = 2(x − 5)(x + 5)
So
Solution 3
a) (x + 8)(x − 3) = 0 =⇒ x = −8, x = 3
b) x2 − 9x = 0 =⇒ x(x − 9) = 0 =⇒ x = 0, x = 9
c) (2x + 1)(x − 5) = 0 =⇒ x = − 12 , x = 5
d) x2 + x − 12 = 0 =⇒ (x + 4)(x − 3) = 0 =⇒ x = −4, x = 3
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VCE Mathematic Science Education Tutoring(SET)
Solution 4
a) x2 + 6x = √
2 =⇒ x2 + 6x + 9 =√2 + 9 =⇒ (x + 3)2 = 11
x + 3 = ± 11 =⇒ x = −3 ± 11
b) x2 − 5x = √−3 =⇒ (x − 52 )√2 = −3 + 25
4
= 13
4
x − 52 = ± 2 13 =⇒ x = 5±2 13
Solution 5
p √ √ √
−(−4)± (−4)2 −4(3)(−2) 4± 16+24 4± 40 4±2 10
a = 3, b = −4, c = −2. x = 2(3)
= 6
= 6
= 6
=
√
2± 10
n
3
So
Solution 6
Discriminant ∆ = b2 − 4ac = 62 − 4(k)(3) = 36 − 12k.
a) Two real solutions: ∆ > 0 =⇒ 36 − 12k > 0 =⇒ 36 > 12k =⇒ k < 3.
b) One real solution: ∆ = 0 =⇒ 36 − 12k = 0 =⇒ k = 3.
a
c) No real solutions: ∆ < 0 =⇒ k > 3.
n
as
ve
So
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VCE Mathematic Science Education Tutoring(SET)
Solution 7
a) x2 − 25 < 0 =⇒ (x − 5)(x + 5) < 0. Roots at ±5. Parabola opens up, so it
is below the axis between roots.
Answer: −5 < x < 5
b) x2 − 3x − 10 ≥ 0 =⇒ (x − 5)(x + 2) ≥ 0. Roots at 5, −2. Above axis outside
roots.
Answer: x ≤ −2 or x ≥ 5
Solution 8
y = −2(x − 1)2 + 8.
n
a) Turning Point: From (x − h)2 + k, TP is (1, 8) (Maximum).
So
b) y-intercept: Let x = 0. y = −2(−1)2 + 8 = 6. (0, 6).
c) x-intercepts: Let y = 0. 2(x − 1)2 = 8 =⇒ (x − 1)2 = 4
x − 1 = ±2 =⇒ x = 3, x = −1. (3, 0), (−1, 0).
a
Solution 9
n
a) Factorise: y = (x − 5)(x − 1). Intercepts: x = 1, x = 5.
as
b) Axis of symmetry: Average of intercepts. x = 1+5
2
=⇒ x = 3.
c) TP: Sub x = 3 into eq. y = 32 − 6(3) + 5 = 9 − 18 + 5 = −4. (3, −4).
d) Graph: Minimum parabola through (1, 0), (5, 0), (0, 5) with min at (3, −4).
ve
Solution 10
So
y = x2 + 5x − 2. Halve coefficient of x ( 52 ), square it ( 25
4
).
25 25
y = (x2 + 5x + )− −2
4 4
5 25 8 5 33
y = (x + )2 − − = (x + )2 −
2 4 4 2 4
Turning Point: (− 2 , − 4 ) or (−2.5, −8.25)
5 33
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Solution 11
a) TP at (2, −3) =⇒ y = a(x − 2)2 − 3. Sub (4, 5): 5 = a(4 − 2)2 − 3 =⇒ 8 =
4a =⇒ a = 2. Rule: y = 2(x − 2)2 − 3
b) Intercepts −1, 5 =⇒ y = a(x + 1)(x − 5). Sub (0, 10): 10 = a(1)(−5) =⇒
10 = −5a =⇒ a = −2. Rule: y = −2(x + 1)(x − 5)
Solution 12
Equate y values: x2 = 2x + 3 =⇒ x2 − 2x − 3 = 0. (x − 3)(x + 1) = 0 =⇒ x =
3, x = −1. If x = 3, y = 32 = 9. Point (3, 9). If x = −1, y = (−1)2 = 1. Point
(−1, 1). Points of Intersection: (3, 9) and (−1, 1).
n
So
Solution 13
a) Sub t = 1: h = 20(1) − 5(1)2 = 15 m.
b) Set h = 15: 15 = 20t − 5t2 =⇒ 5t2 − 20t + 15 = 0 =⇒ t2 − 4t + 3 = 0.
(t − 3)(t − 1) = 0. Times: 1 second and 3 seconds.
a
c) Axis of symmetry t = 2(−5)
−20
= 2 s. Max Height h(2) = 20(2)−5(4) = 40−20 =
20 m. Time = 2 seconds.
n
d) Hit ground =⇒ h = 0. 5t(4 − t) = 0. t = 0 (start) or t = 4. Answer: 4
as
seconds.
Solution 14
ve
a) Wire length = 2x + L = 100 =⇒ L = 100 − 2x.
b) Area A = x × L = x(100 − 2x) = 100x − 2x2 .
So
c) Parabola opens downwards (y = −2x2 + 100x). Intercepts at x = 0, x = 50.
d) Max at axis of symmetry: x = 0+50
2
= 25. If width x = 25, Length L =
100 − 2(25) = 50. Dimensions: 25 m by 50 m.
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