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Computer Architecture Concepts Explained

The document covers various computer architecture concepts including instruction formats (one-address, two-address, three-address), IEEE 754 floating-point representation, CPU performance analysis, addressing modes, and stack operations. It also discusses the handling of interrupts, I/O operations, and provides examples of assembly language programs and operations on registers. Additionally, it illustrates concepts such as Big Endian and Little Endian byte ordering, and the role of subroutines and stacks in programming.

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mahebooblk2004
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4 views2 pages

Computer Architecture Concepts Explained

The document covers various computer architecture concepts including instruction formats (one-address, two-address, three-address), IEEE 754 floating-point representation, CPU performance analysis, addressing modes, and stack operations. It also discusses the handling of interrupts, I/O operations, and provides examples of assembly language programs and operations on registers. Additionally, it illustrates concepts such as Big Endian and Little Endian byte ordering, and the role of subroutines and stacks in programming.

Uploaded by

mahebooblk2004
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1.

Illustrate how the expression C = A + B can be implemented using


(i) Three-address instructions (ii) Two-address instructions
(iii) One-address instructions.
2. Explain the IEEE 754 standard for floating-point representation.
Illustrate the single-precision (32-bit) and double-precision (64-bit) formats with an
example.
3. Discuss the function of each functional unit and how they interact during instruction
execution in a computer system.
4. Derive the standard performance equation used for CPU performance analysis. Also
discuss the practical techniques to improve performance based on the equation and how
instruction pipelining modifies the parameters in the performance equation
5. Demonstrate the assembly language programs for R = (X×Y)+(W ×Z) using one-address,
two-address, and three-address instruction formats.
6. Explain the concepts of Big Endian and Little Endian byte ordering with neat diagrams.
Illustrate how the 32-bit data 0x12345678 is stored in memory in both Big Endian and
Little Endian formats, assuming the starting memory address is 0x1000.
7. Perform the subtraction (A − B) for the given pairs of numbers using 5-bit signed two’s
complement representation and determine whether overflow occurs in each case
i) A = +13, B = +7 ii) A = -14, B = -8 iii) A = +11, B = -4
8. Solve 1584.5₁₀ in IEEE 754 single-precision and double-precision formats, showing all
the steps of conversion.
9. What are addressing modes? Illustrate the various addressing modes used in computer
systems with syntax and examples for each.
10. Consider a 16-bit register R1 initialized with the decimal value 5876₁₀.
With a neat diagram, show the contents of the register after performing each of the
following operations:
i) LshiftL #2, R1 ii) AshiftR #1, R1 iii) Rotate R #1, R1
11. Compare and contrast direct, indirect, indexed, and base register addressing modes.
12. Consider a register R1with initial data 4678d. With neat diagram, examine the output in
each case after performing the following operations
i) Lshift R #2,R1 ii)Rotate L #1,R1 iii) Rotate RC #2,R1.

13. Define assembler. Demonstrate with assembly language example program, various
assembler directives used.

14. Demonstrate the working principle of stack operations by illustrating push and pop
operations with suitable examples.

15. What is a subroutine? With the help of a pseudocode or a program segment, illustrate
parameter passing using registers.

16. Discuss the role of stacks in nested subroutine calls with suitable diagrams
17. Show the possible register configuration in an I/O interface and explain the process of
program-controlled Input/Output.

18. Explain the concept of following methods in handling interrupts:


i) Daisy Chain Method ii) Priority Structure

19. Discuss the role of interrupts in input/output operations

20. Distinguish between memory mapped I/O and standard I/O. Write a program segment to read a
line of text from keyboard & display it.

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