Math Curriculum
1. Numbers and Operations
1. Counting and Number Sense
• Count forward and backward up to 1,000.
• Recognize and write numbers in standard, expanded, and word form.
• Skip count by 2s, 5s, 10s, and 100s to recognize number patterns.
2. Place Value Concepts
• Understand the value of digits in hundreds, tens, and ones places.
• Use base-ten blocks or visual models to represent numbers.
• Identify how each place is ten times the value of the place to its right.
3. Comparing and Ordering Numbers
• Compare three-digit numbers using <, >, and =.
• Arrange numbers in ascending and descending order.
• Understand the concept of rounding to the nearest ten or hundred.
4. Addition and Subtraction
• Add and subtract within 1,000 using place value strategies.
• Use Left-to-Right (LR) addition and subtraction for mental calculations.
• Add and subtract whole hundreds quickly and mentally.
• Add up to four two-digit numbers using regrouping.
• Solve real-world word problems involving addition and subtraction.
5. Introduction to Fractions
• Understand fractions as equal parts of a whole or set.
• Identify numerator and denominator.
• Add and subtract simple fractions with like denominators.
6. Equivalent and Comparing Fractions
• Recognize and create equivalent fractions using visual models.
• Compare fractions using common denominators or benchmarks (½).
7. Operations with Fractions
• Add and subtract fractions with unlike denominators.
• Multiply fractions by whole numbers and by fractions.
• Divide fractions by whole numbers.
• Apply these skills in real-life fraction word problems.
8. Decimals and Fraction Conversion
• Understand decimals as parts of a whole (tenths, hundredths).
• Convert between fractions and decimals.
• Read, write, and compare decimals using place value charts.
9. Operations with Decimals
• Add, subtract, multiply, and divide decimals to hundredths.
• Use decimal operations in money and measurement word problems.
10. Multiplication and Division Concepts
• Understand multiplication as repeated addition and division as equal sharing.
• Learn Step Operator multiplication for mental calculation of large numbers.
• Multiply and divide large whole numbers using column (long) methods.
• Use Block Method multiplication for visualizing multi-digit multiplication.
• Recognize patterns when multiplying and dividing by powers of ten (10, 100, 1000).
11. Rectangular Arrays and Area Models
• Represent multiplication problems with rectangular arrays.
• Connect arrays to area and to multiplication properties.
12. Expressions and Parentheses
• Write and evaluate numerical expressions using parentheses.
• Understand order of operations for multi-step calculations.
13. Exponents and Powers of Ten
• Recognize exponents as repeated multiplication.
• Understand and use powers of ten to simplify large or small numbers.
14. Word Problems and Real-Life Applications
• Solve multi-step word problems involving:
o Whole numbers
o Fractions
o Decimals
• Apply reasoning and estimation to check answers.
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2. Measurement
1. Telling Time
• Read both analog and digital clocks to the nearest minute.
• Understand the difference between A.M. and P.M.
• Solve time-related word problems, including elapsed time, start time, and end time.
2. Money and U.S. Currency
• Recognize and name U.S. coins and bills (penny, nickel, dime, quarter, dollar).
• Count combinations of coins and bills to find total values.
• Solve practical word problems involving money, such as making change and comparing prices.
3. Measuring Objects
• Learn to use rulers, measuring tapes, and other standard tools to measure length.
• Practice estimating lengths before measuring.
• Compare and describe objects using “longer than,” “shorter than,” and “equal to.”
4. U.S. Customary System of Measurement
• Identify and use common units of length (inch, foot, yard, mile).
• Identify and use common units of weight (ounce, pound, ton).
• Identify and use common units of capacity (cup, pint, quart, gallon).
• Select appropriate units for different contexts (e.g., miles for distance between cities, inches for
small objects).
5. Converting Measurement Units
• Convert between larger and smaller units within the same system (e.g., inches ↔ feet, feet ↔
yards, minutes ↔ hours).
• Use multiplication or division to calculate conversions.
• Apply conversions to real-world problems, such as recipes, travel, and daily tasks.
6. Measurement Word Problems
• Solve multi-step problems involving:
o Length and distance (e.g., total distance walked or difference in heights)
o Weight (e.g., combined weight of groceries or luggage)
o Capacity (e.g., total liquid in several containers)
o Time (e.g., how long an event lasts or time remaining)
o Money (e.g., total cost, savings, or change)
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3. Geometry
1. Recognizing Shapes
• Identify and name common two-dimensional and three-dimensional shapes, including
triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, and cubes.
• Describe how shapes differ based on sides, corners, and faces.
2. Attributes of Shapes and Circles
• Explore attributes such as sides, angles, and vertices.
• Understand the parts of a circle—radius, diameter, and circumference.
• Compare shapes based on their attributes.
3. Partitioning Shapes
• Divide rectangles and other shapes into equal parts.
• Connect partitioning to the concept of fractions (e.g., halves, thirds, fourths).
• Understand how equal parts make up a whole.
4. Area and Perimeter
• Learn to calculate the perimeter of rectangles and irregular rectangular shapes.
• Learn to find the area by counting square units or using formulas.
• Apply area and perimeter in real-life word problems.
5. Points, Segments, Lines, and Rays
• Identify and draw points, line segments, lines, and rays.
• Understand how these form the building blocks of geometric figures.
6. Angles
• Identify and measure angles using a protractor.
• Classify angles as right, acute, or obtuse.
• Recognize angles within shapes and real-world objects.
7. Perpendicular and Parallel Lines
• Identify and draw perpendicular and parallel lines.
• Recognize these relationships within shapes and in everyday structures.
8. Symmetry
• Understand and identify lines of symmetry in two-dimensional shapes.
• Draw symmetrical figures and reflect shapes across a line.
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4. Data Analysis
1. Line Plots
• Learn how to organize and represent a set of measurements or data on a line plot.
• Use marks or symbols to show frequency of data values.
• Interpret line plots to answer “how many” and “how much” questions.
2. Bar Graphs
• Collect data through surveys, measurements, or observations.
• Create bar graphs with labeled axes, scales, and titles.
• Compare quantities using bar heights or lengths.
3. Displaying Data
• Display a set of data in different forms such as line plots, bar graphs, and pictographs.
• Choose the most effective graph type for different kinds of data.
4. Analyzing Data
• Read and interpret data from line plots, bar graphs, and tables.
• Draw conclusions, find patterns, and answer word problems based on graphs.
• Use data to make predictions or explain real-world situations.